Chapters One and Two
A manufacturing information system
(MFIS) is used to manage manufacturing resources so companies can reduce manufacturing costs, increase product quality, and make better inventory decisions.
Management Information Systems (MIS)
(MIS) is an organized integration of hardware and software technologies, data, processes, and human elements designed to produce timely, integrated, relevant, accurate, and useful information for decision-making purposes. The hardware components, include input, output, and memory devices and vary depending on the application and the organization.
information literacy
, is understanding the role of information in generating and using business intelligence.
What are the main difference between an intranet and the Internet is that intranets are private and the Internet is public. A PIS/HRIS supports the following decisions, among others:
A PIS/HRIS supports the following decisions, among others: Choosing the best job candidate Scheduling and assigning employees Predicting the organization's future personnel needs Providing reports and statistics on employee demographics Allocating human and financial resources
What are Major components of Power BI?
A Windows desktop application called Power BI Desktop An online SaaS (software as a service) service called the Power BI service Power BI mobile apps for Windows, iOS, and Android devices
Define DataMart What are the functions of a DataMart
A data mart is usually a smaller version of a data warehouse, used by a single department or function. Data marts focus on business functions for a specific user group in an organization, such as a data mart for the marketing department. Despite being smaller, data marts can usually perform the same types of analysis as a data warehouse. Data marts have the following advantages over data warehouses: Access to data is often faster because of their smaller size. Response time for users is improved. They are easier to create because they are smaller and often less complex. They are less expensive. Users are targeted better because a data mart is designed for a specific department or division; identifying their requirements and the functions they need is easier. A data warehouse is designed for an entire organization's use.
What is a data warehouse and it's functions
A data warehouse is a collection of data from a variety of sources used to support decision-making applications and generate business intelligence. Data warehouses store multidimensional data, so they are sometimes called hypercubes. Typically, data in a data warehouse is described as having the following characteristics, in contrast to data in a database: Subject oriented—Focused on a specific area, such as the home-improvement business or a university, whereas data in a database is transaction/function oriented Integrated—Comes from a variety of sources, whereas data in a database usually does not Time variant—Categorized based on time, such as historical information, whereas data in a database only keeps recent activity in memory Type of data—Captures aggregated data, whereas data in a database captures raw transaction data Purpose—Used for analytical purposes, whereas data in a database is used for capturing and managing transactions
What type of information technology tool is used in marketing field for organizations?
A growing number of information technology tools are being used in the marketing field that could play a major role in running an effective marketing operation in all types of organizations. technology tools is database marketing
jackpotting
ATM machines have fallen victim to a technique used by computer criminals call__________ where machines are forced to spit out cash. Although the number of victims and how much money had been lost are not clear because victims and police often do not disclose details, banking officials should be aware of these criminal activities and guard against them.
What are some decisions that an MKIS supports:
Analyzing market share, sales, and sales personnel Sales forecasting Price and cost analysis of items sold
What is the most commonly used platform for big data analytics is the open-source
Apache Hadoop, which uses the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) to manage storage.
Smart phones
Businesses often use these ...............productivity tool and as an intelligent assistant f
Is one of the main applications of database and database systems?
Data Marketing
What are the Five components of an information system
Data, Database, Process and Information
Components of a DBMS
Database engine Data definition Data manipulation Application generation Data administration
Which of the following offers several advantages for Database marketing: Higher start ups costs examples are________
Database marketing offers several advantages, including improved profitability, increased sales, improved marketing communications, and improved product development. High startup costs, such as hardware and software, and ongoing operational costs are among the drawbacks of database marketing. And for effective utilization and operation of a successful database marketing program, employees with technical knowledge are needed
Why are databases Important?
Databases are also important for reducing personnel time needed to gather, process, and interpret data manually. With a computerized database and a DBMS, data can be treated as a common resource that is easy to access and use.
Which of the following describes the risks associated with this technology. Key executives should make every effort to guard against these risks and eliminate or at least minimize their impact:
Discrimination: Big data analytics may reveal information that gives a decision maker—such as a banker— a reason to approve or decline an individual's loan application. Privacy breaches and embarrassments: Big data analytics may reveal that a customer of a retailer, for example, is pregnant, by sending out pregnancy promotional materials. The individual may not have yet made her pregnancy public, creating embarrassment and privacy issues for that individual. Unethical actions based on interpretations: Big data analytics may be misinterpreted and offer support for a decision that, while legal, may not be ethical. Loss of anonymity: Big data analytics, by combining several datasets and cross-referencing various data, could easily reveal the identity of individuals whose data were analyzed. Few legal protections exist for the involved individuals: There are, to date, few (if any) legal requirements for protecting privacy while using big data analytics.
Which distributed databases are associated with big projects?
Distributed databases, including NoSQL and Cassandra, are also commonly associated with big data projects. Examples of big data commercial platforms include SAP Big Data Analytics (www.sap.com/BigData), Tableau (www.tableausoftware.com), SAS Big Data Analytics (www.sas.com/big-data), and QlikView (www.qlikview.com).
IoT big data analytics can be a powerful tool for a variety of applications. Which of these can support the applications
Examine various situations from industrial field to medical field and others Reveal trends that can be used for forecasting and planning Find unseen patterns that can be used for marketing opportunities Find hidden correlations that can be used for marketing opportunities and other managerial decision making Reveal new information that can be used for competitive advantage ALL OF THE ABOVE
A top-line strategy focuses on generating new revenue by offering new products and services to customers or increasing revenue by selling existing products and services to new customers
Example e-commerce businesses are adapting business models to reduce distribution costs dramatically.
Web technologies have played a major role in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of HR departments.
For example, intranets are often used to provide basic HR functions, such as employees checking how much vacation time they have left or looking up how much they have in their 401(k) plans. Intranets reduce personnel costs and speed up responses to common employee requests. As discussed in Module 7, an intranet is a network within an organization that uses Internet protocols and technologies for collecting, storing, and disseminating useful information that supports business activities such as sales, customer service, human resources, and marketing.
Which of the following are examples of logistics information system (LIS are decisions supported by an LIS:
Improving routing and delivery schedules Selecting the best modes of transportation Improving transportation budgeting Improving shipment planning
Which of the these will benefit in different ways by this integration
It helps to increase RoI for any industry by providing real-time analytics of key variables and helping decision makers to implement real-time decisions with moderate cost. It will improve the health care industry by enabling new ways of remote diagnosis with a better understanding of a disease, which will lead to timely development of new treatments. It will help the manufacturing industry by enabling them to find out which equipment needs repairing before breakdown. This prevents them from more significant expenses by skipping the downtime or replacement of the equipment. It will help the transportation industry to monitor vehicles, fuel efficiency, and how drivers utilize their time and delivery routes. As a result, fleets will be optimized and organizational productivity will be improved. IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things) big data analytics will improve nearly all operations of industrial devices by real-time monitoring, collecting, exchanging, and analyzing real-time data and implementation of real-time decisions. IoT big data analytics will raise self-service analytics that will enable most IT functions to be automated. As a result, analytics as a service will become commonplace. all will benefit
The goal of a financial information system (FIS) is to provide information to financial executives in a timely manner. Here are some decisions an FIS is used to support:
Minimizing capital investment risks Monitoring cost trends Managing cash flows Determining portfolio structures Improving budget allocation
This platform provides a global reach to all sorts of talents throughout the world for performing certain manufacturing tasks at a moderate cost. which of the following decisions supports MFIS supports?
Ordering decisions Product cost calculations Space utilization The bid evaluation process used with vendors and suppliers Analysis of price changes and discounts All the above
Summarize three recent trends in a database and use
Recent trends in database design and use include data-driven Web sites, natural language processing, distributed databases, and object-oriented databases A data-driven Web site acts as an interface to a database, retrieving data for users and allowing users to enter data in the database. Without this feature, Web site designers must edit the HTML code every time a Web site's data contents change. This type of site is called a "static" Web site. A data-driven Web site, on the other hand, changes automatically because it retrieves content from external dynamic data sources, such as MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Access, Oracle, IBM DB2, and other databases. a distributed database management system (DDBMS), in which data is stored on multiple servers placed throughout an organization, is preferable. Here are some of the reasons an organization would choose a distributed database: The design better reflects the organization's structure. For example, an organization with several branch offices might find a distributed database more suitable because it allows faster local queries and can reduce network traffic. Local storage of data decreases response time but increases communication costs. Distributing data among multiple sites minimizes the effects of computer failures. If one database server goes down, it does not affect the entire organization. The number of users of an information system is not limited by one computer's capacity or processing power. Several small integrated systems might cost less than one large server. Accessing one central database server could increase communication costs for remote users. Storing some data at remote sites can help reduce these costs. Distributed processing, which includes database design, is used more widely now and is often more responsive to users' needs than centralized processing. Most important, a distributed database is not limited by the data's physical location. object-oriented programming, this data model represents real-world entities with database objects. An object consists of attributes (characteristics describing an entity) and methods (operations or calculations) that can be performed on the object's data.
WHO CAN BENEFIT FROM THE FOLLOWING: Many industries could benefit from big data analytics and gain a competitive advantage in the following areas:
Retail—Customer relationship management, tailoring retail offerings to customer needs, offering personalized service, finding optimum store location and layout Financial services—Risk analysis, fraud detection, attracting new customers Advertising and public relations—Targeted advertising, more effective messaging of the effectiveness of advertising campaigns, data-driven PR Government—National security, airport security, weapon systems, and counterterrorism Manufacturing—Product research, process and quality analysis, route and distribution optimization Media and telecommunications—Customer scoring, network optimization, effective media programming Energy—Smart grid, customer segmentation, energy saving Healthcare—Pharmaceutical research, developing effective medical treatments, genome research
What are the Advantages of Power BI ?
Seamless integration with other data and existing applications Creation of personalized dashboards for different users with diverse information needs Delivery of actionable information with high speed, accuracy, and security
What is a Tableau, how i it used and users can?
Tableau is a data visualization tool used for generating business intelligence. It is used to analyze data for generating trends using graphs and charts. Tableau users can: Explore and find quick patterns in data Reproduce and further analyze data patterns Create multiple charts to get meaningful insight in data
four main components of an information system, take a look at the following two examples.
Teletech, an international textile company, uses a database to store data on products, suppliers, sales personnel, costs, and so forth. The process component of the information system conducts analysis on the data to provide the following information about the preceding month: Which salesperson generated the highest sales? Which product generated the highest sales? The lowest sales? Which region generated the highest sales? Again, forecasting models can be used to generate predictions for the next sales period, and these predictions can be broken down by product, region, and salesperson. Based on this information, many decisions could be made, such as allocating the advertising budget to different products and region. A state university stores all student data in a database. The collected data includes each student's first name, last name, age, gender, major, nationality, and so forth. The process component of the information system performs all sorts of analysis on this data. For example, the university's DBMS has a built-in query capability that can generate the following information: How many students are in each major? Which major is the fastest growing? What is the average age of the student body? Among the international students, which country is home to the highest number of students? What is the ratio of male to female students in each major?
Visualization _____________. Power BI ___________
Visualization allows the user to discover patterns and understand important points in the data that may not be easily understood otherwise. Power BI is for extensive modeling and real-time analytics. It allows users to create, share, and utilize business insights for effective decision making.
Information--- the output of an information system—consists of facts that have been analyzed by the process component and are therefore more useful to the MIS user. which of the following is an example for information facts analyzed by teh process component and is useful to MIS users.
XYZ Company's total sales last month were $5 million. This number is data because it does not tell you how the company performed
Corporations can also take advantage of this popular platform.
YouTube represents a great opportunity for marketers to reach consumers who are searching for information about a brand or related products and services. The service can also be used as a direct-marketing tool. The following are examples of corporations that are using YouTube to promote their products and services:
Information systems and information technologies
_____ are designed to collect data, process the collected data, and deliver timely, relevant, and useful information that can be used for making decisions. To achieve this goal, an information system might use many different_______.
The new point-of-sale (POS) app
allows customers to buy immediately as soon as a new wine becomes available.
The data administration component
also used by IT professionals and database administrators, is used for tasks such as backup and recovery, security, and change management. In addition, this component is used to determine who has permission to perform certain functions, often summarized as create, read, update, and delete (CRUD).
Internet of Things
are sensor-based devices that are being used all over the world for diverse applications. They collect structured and unstructured data 24/7 from the factory floor to smart homes and everything in between.
marketing information systems (MKISs)
are used to improve marketing decisions. An effective MKIS should provide timely, accurate, and integrated information about the marketing mix, or the 4Ps: price, promotion, place, and product.
database marketing
as using an organization's database of customers and potential customers in order to promote products or services that an organization offers.
Tableau is used by
both private and public sectors including academic researchers, businesses, and many government agencies.
What are the steps for designing a MIS
first task is to clearly define the system's objectives. Second, data must be collected and analyzed. Finally, information must be provided in a useful format for decision-making purposes.
transaction-processing systems (TPSs)
have been applied to structured tasks such as record keeping, simple clerical operations, and inventory control. Payroll, for example, was one of the first applications to be automated. TPSs focus on data collection and processing, and they have provided enormous reductions in costs.
What is Power Bi ( from Microsoft) _______. Where is it used _____ and from _______ ___________.
is a platform that allows a user to analyze and visualize data from different sources with different formats. Data may be an Excel spreadsheet, data from the cloud, or from data warehouses and data mart
Tableau
is a powerful platform for performing visual analytics that helps design visualizations that users with minimal analytics backgrounds can easily understand and use. It can utilize data from various sources including data files (with various formats such as Excel and PDF) and relational databases, as well as big data sources.
Big data analytics
is able to provide key decision makers with unprecedented decision-making support and great potential for gaining a competitive advantage. However, this powerful tool could reveal and expose certain information that puts some people's privacy at risk. It also may create some legal and ethical concerns.
data component of an information system
is considered the input to the system. The information that users need affects the type of data that is collected and used. Generally, there are two sources of data: external and internal. Internal data includes sales records, personnel records, and so forth. The following list shows some examples of external data sources: Customers, competitors, and suppliers Government agencies and financial institutions Labor and population statistics Economic conditions
A personnel information system (PIS) or human resource information system (HRIS)
is designed to provide information that helps decision makers in personnel carry out their tasks more effectively. Web technologies have played a major role in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of HR departments.
A logistics information system (LIS)
is designed to reduce the cost of transporting materials while maintaining safe and reliable delivery
A comprehensive database
is essential for the success of any information system. To create, organize, and manage databases, a database management system (DBMS) is used, such as Microsoft Access or FileMaker Pro for home or small-office use. In a large organization, a DBMS such as Oracle or IBM DB2 might be used.
The purpose of an information system's process component
is generating the most useful type of information for making decisions. This component generally includes transaction-processing reports and models for decision analysis that can be built into the system or accessed from external sources.
Business intelligence (BI)
is more than just information. It provides historical, current, and predictive views of business operations and environments and gives organizations a competitive advantage in the marketplace. (BI is discussed in more detail in Module 3.) To summarize, knowledge workers should know the following: Internal and external sources of data How data is collected Why data is collected What type of data should be collected How data is converted to information and eventually to business intelligence How data should be indexed and updated How data and information should be used to gain a competitive advantage
A database engine, the heart of DBMS software
is responsible for data storage, manipulation, and retrieval. It converts logical requests from users into their physical equivalents (e.g., reports) by interacting with other components of the DBMS (usually the data manipulation component). For example, say a marketing manager wants to see a list of the top three salespeople in the Southeast region (a logical request). The database engine interacts with the data manipulation component to find where these three names are stored and displays them on screen or in a printout (the physical equivalent). Because more than one logical view of data is possible, the database engine can retrieve and return data to users in many different ways.
Database marketing
is the backbone of this process and is part of an integrated approach of analyzing profitability, segmenting customers, and using marketing tactics that build customer loyalty and increase sales. Segmentation of customers is an important task. Not all the products or services that an organization offers are suitable for all customers. Customers can be segmented by many variables, including demographics, geography, benefits sought, psychographics, price sensitivity, and socioeconomic characteristics.
What is the main goal of a successful database marketing campaign?
is to use the information within the database to implement marketing strategies that eventually increase profits and enhance the competitiveness of the organization in the marketplace. The key motivation behind database marketing is establishing, building, and maintaining a long-term relationship with the customers
Group text App ( Group me)
is used for sending a message to a group of employees or customers. The Samsung iPolis app, a video camera security system, is used to remotely watch the video that monitors the location of a business or home. Apps are available to pay bills, update a company's Web site, market and advertise a product or service, reach out to customers, and keep in touch with employees from anywhere. Some businesses give out their Google Voice phone number to customers so that they can text an order. Google's calendar is used to coordinate events, and Instagram is used to post photos of new merchandise.
Which of the following is true regarding MFISs can perform many types of analysis with a high degree of timeliness and accuracy.
managers could use an MFIS to assess the effect on final product costs of a 7 percent increase in raw materials or to determine how many assembly-line workers are needed to produce 200 automobiles in the next three weeks. Manufacturing and operations management can also use social media information systems (SMISs) for crowdsourcing. both
Computers and information systems which of the following is an example: grocery store
point-of-sale (POS) system speeds up service by reading the universal product codes (UPCs) on items in your shopping cart (see Exhibit 1.1). This same system also manages store inventory, and some information systems can even reorder stock automatically. Banks, too, use computers and information systems for generating your monthly statement, running automatic teller machines (ATMs), and for many other banking activities.
which of the following is associated with computer for transaction processing systems
printing numerous checks, or involve enormous volumes of data, such as inventory control in a multinational textile company. PAYROLL, atm for banks
Information systems can help organizations
reduce the cost of products and services and, if designed correctly, can assist with differentiation and focus strategies. Be more productive and profitable Gain competitive advantage Reach more customers Improve service to their customers
computer literacy
skill in using productivity software, such as word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems, and presentation software, as well as having a basic knowledge of hardware and software, the Internet, and collaboration tools and technologies.
Database
the heart of an information system, is a collection of all relevant data organized in a series of integrated files.
information
the output of an information system—consists of facts that have been analyzed by the process component and are therefore more useful to the MIS user. For example, XYZ Company's total sales last month were $5 million. This number is data because it does not tell you how the company performed
What are the three approaches for setting up a DBMS
three approaches to setting up a DDBMS, although these approaches can be combined: Fragmentation—The fragmentation approach addresses how tables are divided among multiple locations. Horizontal fragmentation breaks a table into rows, storing all fields (columns) in different locations. Vertical fragmentation stores a subset of columns in different locations. Mixed fragmentation, which combines vertical and horizontal fragmentation, stores only site-specific data in each location. If data from other sites is needed, the DDBMS retrieves it. Replication—With the replication approach, each site stores a copy of data in the organization's database. Although this method can increase costs, it also increases availability of data, and each site's copy can be used as a backup for other sites. Allocation—The allocation approach combines fragmentation and replication. Generally, each site stores the data it uses most often. This method improves response time for local users (those in the same location as the database storage facilities).
The goal of a successful marketing campaign for any organization is
to generate the highest possible revenue for the organization
The data manipulation component
used to add, delete, modify, and retrieve records from a database. Typically, a query language is used for this component. Many query languages are available, but Structured Query Language (SQL) and query by example (QBE) are two of the most widely used.
The data definition component
used to create and maintain the data dictionary and define the structure of files in a database. Any changes to a database's structure, such as adding a field, deleting a field, changing a field's size, or changing the data type stored in a field, are made with this component
The application generation component is
used to design elements of an application using a database, such as data entry screens, interactive menus, and interfaces with other programming languages. These applications, for example, might be used to create a form or generate a report. If you are designing an order entry application for users, you could use the application generation component to create a menu system that makes the application easier to use.
What is Business analytics (BA)
uses data and statistical methods to gain insight into the data and provide decision makers with information they can act on. BA is increasingly used for data-driven decision making that leverages and explores the data in a database, data warehouse, or data mart system. BI can help determine what happened, what the problem is, and what decisions need to be made based on the available data. BA can help determine why this is happening, what it will mean if the sales trend continues, and what actions should be taken. BI uses dashboards, scorecards, OLAP, and query reports to support decision-making activities, whereas BA uses statistical analysis, data-mining tools, and predictive modeling.
How does the database work and what is used for? organization more responsive to needs of its customers?
using multivariate analysis, data segmentation, and automated tools to transform marketing from a reactive to a proactive process. It makes an organization more responsive to the needs and desires of its customers and also allows the organization to better respond to changes in the marketplace.
