CHE 3171 Exam 1 - SAChE1 Hazards and Risks - What Can Go Wrong?

19%

An oxygen content below which of the following levels would be considered oxygen deficient?

simple

Asphyxiants which have no other health effects are sometimes referred to as...?

1 hour

ERPG describes the max airborne concentration below which you can be exposed for ___ without ill effects.

r = c * f

How do risk, consequence, and frequency relate?

2

How many breaths can a person survive without oxygen?

conveyor belt

In the Imperial Sugar case study, material ignited was being moved via...

operate and maintain a safe facility, minimize legal liability, consistently implement ps practices

Knowledge of and conformance to consensus standards are intended to help a company...?

runaway, internal ignition, external fire

List some situations posing pressure hazards.

greater than or equal to

MAWP is ___ design pressure.

manufacturing/industry

Majority of workplace nitrogen asphyxiation incidents occurred in which type of facility?

asset integrity, safe work practices, contractor management

PSM is most concerned with asphyxiation through the elements of...?

MOC

The 1974 Flixborough incident is often used as a prime example of failure in which of the following process safety management elements?

pump

The Three Mile Island incident began with the failure of which of the following items of equipment?

MOC, training

The fired heater case study clearly showed failings in which of the following process safety management elements?

true

True or false: "High phosgene concentration at ground level, 400m downwind from a storage vessel" is an example of a consequence.

true

True or false: "high pressure chlorine gas cylinder" is an example of a hazard.

true

True or false: Both low pressure and high pressure can be hazardous.

true

True or false: Both low temps and high temps can be hazardous.

true

True or false: Low conductivity fluids have the potential to build up a static charge.

true

True or false: PHAs ask "What can go wrong?"

false

True or false: Risk is the consequence associated with a chemical, process, or chemical process activity.

false

True or false: Steel is impervious to the hazards of a fire.

false

True or false: Three Mile Island incident resulted in radiation exposure fatalities

true

True or false: Vacuum is as likely to cause as much damage as an overpressure condition.

true

True or false: cleaning and/or decontamination of process equipment can pose a reactivity hazard.

true

True or false: concentration of flammable material in vapor cloud must be between LFL and UFL for combustion to occur

true

True or false: depending on the equipment design specs, an unexpected vacuum can cause equipment damage.

false

True or false: for any given subject matter, there is exclusively one standard that affects process safety

false

True or false: in the Formosa plastics incident, the automated controls failed to operate properly because they were damaged.

true

True or false: in the pipe rack flash fire incident involving the welder, there was no identified equipment failure.

true

True or false: the use of rubber-tire vehicles can generate static electricity

spilled and overflowed materials

Uncontrolled liquid levels can lead to...?

nitrogen, helium, CO2

What are some examples of asphyxiants?

no flow, low flow, high flow, flow and static electricity

What are some hazardous states associated with flow?

toxic, flammable, reactive, asphyxiant,

What are some potential hazards of materials?

procedural errors

What contributed to the Williams Olefins incident?

T2 Labs

What incident is an example of a runaway reaction?

keeping shell and tube separate

What is the primary consideration when it comes to preventing consequences related to heat exchangers?

3 psi

What overpressure can cause serious injury?

temperature, pressure, flow, static electricity, level

What physical conditions can have potential consequences?

crack from corrosion

What was the cause of the Tesoro heat exchanger explosion?

loss of coolant due to malfunctioning valve

What was the equipment failure that caused Three Mile Island?

increased

When pumping low conductivity liquid through pipe, faster flow results in ___ current.

BP Texas City

Which case study can be associated with level?

splash filling ethyl acetate tote

Which case study can be associated with static electricity?

propane, methane

Which gases are detectable by smell (in some circumstances) as a result of odorants added to them?

ERPG-3

Which is the most severe: ERPG-1, ERPG-2, ERPG-3?

Formosa Plastics

Which major PS incident can be attributed to *procedural failings*?

Flixborough, Three Mile Island, Chevron Richmond, Imperial Sugar

Which major PS incidents can be attributed to *material transfer failings*?

ethylene oxide

Which material has a relatively large flammability range?

consequence

a measure of some adverse effect from an incident

hazard

an inherent chemical or physical characteristic that has the potential for causing damage to people, property, or the environment

simple asphyxiant

displaces oxygen thus causes oxygen depravation

UFL

highest airborne concentration of material that allows combustion

LFL

lowest airborne concentration of material that allows combustion

minimum ignition energy (MIE)

lowest spark energy capable of igniting flammable cloud

ERPG-3

max airborne concentrations below which it is believed that nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing life-threatening health effects

MAWP

max allowable pressure at top of vessel at designated temperature

limiting oxygen concentration (LOC)

minimum oxygen required for combustion of flammable cloud at any concentration

design pressure

minimum pressure to which vessel must be designed

toxics

poisons which act in a variety of ways to produce harmful effects on the body

asphyxiant

substance that can cause unconsciousness or death by suffocation