CHEM 101 CHAPTER 1

prop-

3 carbon atoms

but-

4 carbon atoms

Which of the following air samples are toxic? (Select all that apply. Refer to the table provided.)

5.0 × 102 μg/m3 of NO2 0.9 ppm SO2

Xe

54 protons, 54 electrons

F

9 protons, 9 electrons

Which of the following statements correctly defines a molecule?

A molecule is independent structure consisting of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.

Homogeneous mixture

Air

Which of the following options correctly describe atoms? Select all that apply.

Atoms are extremely small. An atom is the smallest unit of an element that can exist as a stable, independent entity. Compounds contain two or more different types of atoms.

Compound

CO2

Which of the following options correctly describe the chemical symbols for elements? Select all that apply.

Chemical symbols are abbreviations for elements named for properties, planets, places, and people. Chemical symbols are also called atomic symbols.

Which of the following statements correctly describe the atomic number of an element? Select all that apply.

Each element has its own unique atomic number. The atomic number is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus.

Which of the following options correctly describe elements and compounds? (Select all that apply.)

Elements and compounds are both pure substances. A compound contains two or more different elements. There are many more known compounds than elements.

Which of the following are pure substances? (Select all that apply.)

H2O N2

Rank the following elements correctly according to its number of protons, starting with the element that has the least number of protons at the top of the list.

He Al Zn Rn

Which of the following options correctly describes how hydrocarbons are named?

Hydrocarbons are named with the root based on the number of carbon atoms followed by the suffix -ane.

Which of the following are physical changes? (Select all that apply.)

Melting ice Breaking a bottle

The most common elemental form of nitrogen is ______.

N2

Which of the following are elements? Select all that apply.

Na O2 Cu

Element

O2

Rank the pollutants from the most to the least toxic, based on the values given in the accompanying table. Be careful; note that these numbers are the concentration levels deemed unsafe. Start with the most toxic pollutant at the top of the list. CO - 4 × 104 O3 - 2.35 × 102 PM2.5 - 3.5 × 101

PM2.5 O3 CO

Heterogeneous mixture

Pasta salad

Which of the following statements correctly describe subatomic particles? Select all that apply.

Protons are positively charged. The electrons are located outside the nucleus of an atom. The mass of an electron is much smaller than the mass of a proton.

Which of the following are examples of chemical changes? (Select all that apply.)

Rusting of iron Burning a candle

Which metalloid is a key component of electronic devices?

Silicon

Which of the following are examples of mixtures? Select all that apply.

Soil Tap water

Which of the following options correctly describe different samples of matter? Select all that apply.

Tap water is an example of a mixture. CO2 is an example of a compound.

Which of following options correctly describe the periodic table? Select all that apply.

The elements in the periodic table are arranged based on similar chemical properties. The periodic table contains the chemical symbols that represent the elements.

Which of the following form the focus of the "cradle-to-grave" approach to consumer goods? Select all that apply.

The energy consumed to produce the goods The waste products created when the goods are made The raw materials from which the goods are made

Which of the following options correctly describe the mass number of an atom? (Select all that apply.)

The mass number is given by the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus. The mass number may vary between atoms of a particular element.

Which of the following options describe the correct format used when writing the chemical formula of a substance? Select all that apply.

The number of atoms of a particular element is indicated by a subscript. A chemical formula is a symbolic way to represent the composition of a substance.

The smallest unit of an element that can exist as a stable independent entity is a(n) _____.

atom

Plasma

can carry electrical currents and generate magnetic fields

The periodic table is organized such that elements with similar _____ properties fall into vertical columns called _____.

chemical; groups

Gases

completely fill their containers

Compound

consists of two or more elements, chemically bound

An atom of nitrogen (N) has a mass number of 15. This atom _______. (Select all that apply.)

contains 7 protons in its nucleus contains 8 neutrons in its nucleus

Element

contains only one type of atom

An approach to analyzing the life cycle of an item, beginning with the raw materials from which it is made to its ultimate disposal, is called the _____ approach.

cradle-to-grave

A chemical ______________ (e.g., CO2) represents the elementary composition of any pure substance.

formula

Solids

have definite shapes

In a glass of flat coca cola, the cola is considered a _______ mixture because its composition is ________.

homogoneous; uniform

Which of the following elements commonly occur as diatomic molecules? Select all that apply.

hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and fluorine

The _____ number of an atom is equal to the total number of protons and _____ in the nucleus of the atom.

mass; neutrons

Chemistry is the study of matter, which is commonly defined as anything that has ________________ and occupies _________________ .

mass; space

Ca

metal

Si

metalloid

Silicon is a key component of electronic devices. This element is a(n) ______, a type of element also called a(n) ______.

metalloid; semiconductor

Electron

negatively charged particle

S

nonmetal

Proton

positively charged particle found within the center of the atom

Each element has a unique number of _____, which is called the atomic number. For a neutral atom, this number is also equal to the number of _____ present.

protons; electrons

The number 10,000 can be expressed as 1 × 104. This second form is called _____ notation.

scientific

Nucleus

small region that contains almost all the mass of an atom

Liquids

take the shape of a container without necessarily filling it

Neutron

uncharged dense particle located in the center of the atom

meth-

1 carbon atom

Scientific notation expresses a quantity with a single digit before the decimal point and followed by _______________ raised to the appropriate power.

10

An atom of chlorine (Cl) has a mass number of 36. This atom has _____ protons and _____ neutrons in its nucleus.

17; 19

K

19 protons, 19 electrons

eth-

2 carbon atoms

Co

27 protons, 27 electrons