CHEM 101 Final
What is molarity? #of moles of solute per L of solution #of grams of solute per liter of solution #of moles of solute per liter of solvent #of liters of solute per mole of solution none of the above
# of moles of solute per liter of solution
If a neutral atom loses one electron, what is the electrical charge of the atom?
+1
Which of the following temperatures is not possible?
-200 K
What is the formula mass of NO? 44, 56, 31, 22, 16
31
If an element has 10 protons and 11 neutrons and 10 electrons, which expression correctly identifies the element?
31Ne 11Ne 21Ne 11Na 21Na
CHAPTER 6 How many valence electrons does carbon have?
4
Which of the following is the most acidic? pH of 14, 12, 7, 13
7
Which of the following is a triglyceride? saturated fats unsaturated fats steroids hormones both A and B
A and B
How are disaccharides and monosaccharides related?
A disaccharide is composed of two monosaccharide units.
How are monomers and polymers related?
A monomer is a small, repeating unit that makes up a polymer
What is an endothermic reaction? -It is a reaction that requires heat as a reactant -It is a reaction where the products have more energy than the reactants -It is a reaction where there is a net absorption of energy from a reaction -all of the above
All of above
Which of the following elements will most likely form an ion with a -1 charge? Helium Magnesium Sulfur Bromine Calcium
Bromine
Which of the following types of radiation might be best for medical imaging?
Gamma radiation would be best because it penetrates the best
Which of the following molecules contains a polar bond? F-F H-H Cl-Cl H-F
H-F
Which of the following is acting as an acid? For the reaction: HBr + NaOH -> HOH + NaBr
HBr
Which of the following will most likely not form an ion at all? Rubidium Phosphorus Helium Fluorine Strontium
Helium
CHAPTER 12 What is a hydrocarbon?
It is a molecule composed of carbon and hydrogen only
What is surface tension?
It is the tendency for molecules at the surface of a liquid to hold together
CHAPTER 4 Which of the following provides the minimum amount of protection you need to block gamma radiation?
LEAD SUIT, suntan lotion, leather, T-shirt, none of the above
Which of the following elements is a halogen?
Li, Cl, Pb, Ar, In
Which of the following statements about oxidation and reduction reactions is true?
More than one electron can be transferred in an oxidation and reduction reaction
An amine always contains what element? O, Am, N, or all of the above
N
In a solution of 77 percent nitrogen and 23 percent oxygen, which is the solvent? oxygen nitrogen both neither
Nitrogen
Which of the following elements has five valence electrons? Sodium Magnesium Hydrogen Neon Nitrogen
Nitrogen
Which element would have chemical properties the most similar to chlorine?
O, Na, Ar, S, Br
CHAPTER 16 Nitrogen is the most prevalent gas in the atmosphere. What is the second most prevalent?
Oxygen (O2)
Which of the following statements about ozone is true?
Ozone is the stratosphere is beneficial but in the stratosphere is a pollutant
How are polysaccharides and polymers related?
Polysaccharides are a chain of saccharides as polymers are a chain of monomers. 3
What is an obvious physical difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated fats are usually solids while unsaturated fats are usually liquids.
For the reaction of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide, what is the salt that is formed?
Sodium chloride
If you eat metallic sodium or inhale chlorine gas, you stand a strong chance of dying. Let these two elements react with each other, however, and you can safely sprinkle the compound on your popcorn for better taste. What is going on?
Sodium chloride has nothing in common with sodium and chlorine.
How does a solute such as salt or sugar affect the melting and freezing of water?
Solutes slow the rate of ice formation
The atmospheric layer that contains protective ozone is the ________.
Stratosphere
Why does a meniscus form?
The adhesive forces between the water and the glass pulls the water up the edges
What happens on the surface of the iron in the following reaction? Fe(s) + Cu2+(aq) -> Fe2+(aq) + Cu(s) The iron surface turns white. The iron plates out on the copper surface. The copper plates out on the iron surface. The copper surface turns white.
The copper plates out on the iron surface.
Why does evaporation cool a liquid?
The departing gas molecule takes some kinetic energy with it as it leaves the surface
Which of the following describes what happens when you increase the temperature of water?
The molecules start to vibrate and move farther apart
What is one thing that all monomer of addition polymers have in common?
The monomer has to have at least one double bond
Why do ice skates work?
The pressure of the blades on the ice melts the ice and creates a temporary water layer
Which has more total energy: a cup of boiling water at 100o C or a swimming pool of slightly cooler water at 90o C?
The swimming pool at 90o C has more energy
What physical quantities described in this chapter change most when a junked car is neatly compacted into a compact cube?
The volume of the car changes as well as its average density.
CHAPTER 8 Why does water expand when it goes from a liquid to a solid?
The water molecules in the solid become aligned in a way that creates extra volume
How are most hydrocarbons made?
They are isolated from fossil fuels
Vitamins such as vitamin B and vitamin C are often lost by boiling vegetables. Why?
They are water soluble and are poured down the drain with the water.
An electron that is in the outermost shell of an atom and can participate in bonding is called a(n) ________.
Valence electron
Which of the following statements might describe why oil and water do not mix?
Water is a polar compound while oil is a non-polar compound
Why does condensation raise the temperature of a liquid?
Water vapor molecules release their kinetic energy when they slow and form liquid water
CHAPTER 9 Given the following generic chemical reaction, which is the product? X -> Y
Y is the product
CHAPTER 13 Which of the following statements is most accurate?
You are undergoing continuous chemical change within your body from moment to moment.
Which of the following is an example of something with kinetic energy?
a ball falling through the air
Which of the following physical properties would you expect for krypton?
a gas at room temp
Which of the following has the greatest kinetic energy?
a hot gas
If you have 602,200,000,000,000,000,000,000 aluminum cans, how many cans do you have?
a mole of cans (6.022 x 10^23)
If four samples have the half-lives listed below, which sample would remain radioactive the longest? 20 min, 20 hrs, 20 yrs, 20 mil yrs
a sample with a half-life of 20 million years
CHAPTER 7 What is a hydrogen bond?
a special type of dipole-dipole attraction involving hydrogen bound to electronegative atoms
Why does a lake freeze from the top down?
As cold water cools towards freezing it gets less dense
What is an adhesive force?
Attraction between two different types of molecules
CHAPTER 3 Which of the following elements is not a diatomic molecule in its natural state?
pholosphorus, nitrogen, hydrogen, chlorine, oxygen
Which of the following describes a nonmetal?
poor conductor of electricity
A transformation from a solid directly to a gas is called _________
sublimination
CHAPTER 2 Which of the following would not be considered a physical property?
temperature at which a material catches on fire
Which of the following best describes temperature?
the measure of the average amount of energy in a substance
the mass number of an element is___
the sum of protons and neutrons
What is the purpose of an enzyme?
to control the speed of biochemical reactions
Which of the following is a metalloid?
uranium, antimony, sulfur, iodine, zinc
A simple carbohydrate is ________.
either a monosaccharide or a disaccharide 3
Which of the following is electrically charged?
electron, proton, neutron
Which of these is not a metal?
gallium, potassium, selenium, vanadium, lithium
Coating a metal with zinc to help prevent unwanted oxidation-reduction chemistry is called ______.
galvinization
Which type of radiation from cosmic sources predominates on the inside of a high-flying commercial airplane? gamma, alpha, beta, all
gamma
What type of emission is described below: Results in a new element with a reduced mass number.
gamma ALPHA beta none of the above
What type of emission is described below: Results in a new element with an increased mass number.
gamma BETA cosmic alpha
Which type of radiation results in the least change in atomic number? alpha radiation beta radiation gamma radiation They all result in the same change in atomic mass number
gamma radiation
Which of the following is not the name of a chemical family?
heavy metals
Starch is a polysaccharide that ________.
is made by plants to store energy
Which of the following would not be considered matter?
light
CHAPTER 11 What is oxidation? the gaining of electrons the reaction with oxygen the reduction of oxygen the addition of an electron to the valence shell the loss of electrons
loss of electrons
The quantitative measure of how much matter is in a given object is called
mass
CHAPTER 1 Chemistry is the study of____
matter and energy
Which of the following types of radiation is most similar to a Helium nucleus?
microwave, beta, gamma, infrared, ALPHA
Which of the following has the greatest mass? mole of Ne, Xe, He, Kr, Ar
mole of Xe
A saturated hydrocarbon contains how many double bonds?
no double bonds
How many calcium ions are needed to balance out an oxygen ion? 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
1
If a material has a half-life of 24 hours, how long do you have to wait until the amount of radioisotope is 1/4 its original amount?
12, 72, 48, or 24 hours?
If you had a 1M solution of a strong base what would be a reasonable pH? 2, 5, 7, 8, 13
13
How many iodine ions are needed to balance out a barium ion? 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
2
What atoms are represented by the following stick model? ____
2 carbon, 6 hydrogen (the model represents one single bond)
How many electrons are gained or lost in the following half-reaction? 2Na -> 2Na(+1)
2 electrons are lost
Which of the following elements will most likely form an ion with a +2 charge? Sodium Neon Calcium Silicon Chlorine
Calcium
What would be the best explanation for the fact that most natural water has a pH of about 5.6?
Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form an acid
What is the functional group -OH called?
alcohol
Which of the following are traits of a strong acid? It is completely dissociated in water It readily gives up its proton to a base It is corrosive It will damage your skin all of the above
all of above
Why is turpentine better for removing grease and grime than water? -like dissolves like -oil and grease have similar interatomic forces as the turpentine and so are more soluble -water is too polar and doesn't interact well with the non-polar oils -oil and grease have very limited -solubility in the water -all of the above
all of the above
What does the following element description actually mean? 16O 8
an oxygen atom with 8 protons and 8 neutrons
CHAPTER 10 What is an acid?
anything that donates hydrogen IONS not hydrogen atoms
The ___ is how we classify which element is which. It is also the number of proteins in an element.
atomic number
Brown colored smog (NO2) is the primary pollutant resulting from
automobile exhaust
Why are hydrocarbons called hydrocarbons?
because they are made from carbon and hydrogen
Which element has the atomic number 9?
boron, neon, flourine, sodium
A material consisting of atoms of one type bound to atoms of another type is a(n) _____
compound