(Chem-1010) Introductory to Chemistry. "Final Exam."
Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form _________. A. carbonic acid B. hydrated carbon C. sodium bicarbonate D. carbon dioxide and water
A
Which picture best represents a mixture? A B C D. more than one picture represent a mixture.
A
Identify each of the solutions below as acidic, basic or neutral. A: B: C:
A: basic B: neutral C: acidic
Both water-soluble and water-insoluble vitamins can be toxic in large quantities. Our bodies are much more tolerant of the water-soluble ones because ________. A. they tend to be the weaker vitamins that the body needs a lot of B. excess quantities of these vitamins are readily excreted C. our bodies are able to store the excess vitamins in our fat reserves D. these are the vitamins that our body doesn't really use
B
How many structural isomers are shown here? A. four B. two C. one D. three
B
In one type of fuel cell the following oxidation-reduction reactions are taking place: 2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O What is the fuel? (Hint: What is supplying the electrons by being oxidized?) A. H2O B. H2 C. None of the molecules serve as fuel. D. O2
B
Of the four types of biomolecules, which does not form a polymer? A. proteins B. lipids C. nucleic acids D. carbohydrates
B
What would be the effect on a sample of gas if we were to decrease the pressure by a factor of two (cut the pressure in half), while keeping the temperature constant? A. The gas volume would be cut in half. B. The gas volume would double. C. The gas volume would quadruple. D. The gas volume would remain the same.
B
Why do red blood cells, which contain an aqueous solution of dissolved ions and minerals, burst when placed in fresh water? A. The dissolved ions provide a pressure that eventually bursts open the cell. B. More water molecules enter the cell (through osmosis) than leave the cell. C. The fresh water acts to dissolve the blood cell wall. D. All of the above.
B
What is an exothermic reaction? A. It is a reaction where there is a net input of energy required. B. It is a reaction where the products have more potential energy than the reactants. C. It is a reaction that generates heat as a product. D. All of the answers are correct. E. None of the answers are correct.
C
What might the relationship be between an element's electronegativity and its ability to behave as an oxidizing agent? A. As the electronegativity increases the ability of an element to act as an oxidizing agent stays the same. B. As the electronegativity increases the ability of an element to act as an oxidizing agent decreases. C. As the electronegativity increases the ability of an element to act as an oxidizing agent increases. D. None of the answers are correct.
C
What type of chemical reaction is involved in converting a metal salt into native metal? A. an acid-base reaction B. a phase change C. an oxidation-reduction reaction D. an ion exchange reaction
C
Which of the following commonly acts as a base in chemical reactions? A. alcohol B. carboxylic acid C. amine D. hydrocarbon E. ketone
C
Why can't your body produce proteins from carbohydrates and fats alone? A. Because the side group of an amino acid has to have an oxygen atom. B. Since the fats are made of nonpolar structures, they cannot combine with the carbohydrates to form proteins. C. Because the amine group of an amino acid has to have a nitrogen atom. D. Because the carboxylic acid group must have a nitrogen atom.
C
Choose the correct name for the following compound: OF2 A. oxygen fluoride B. oxygen fluorine C. monoxygen fluoride D. oxygen difluoride E. oxide difluoride
D
How are polysaccharides and polymers related? A. Polymers are condensed polysaccharides. B. Polymers are only made by addition while polysaccharides are made by condensation. C. Polysaccharides are made of individual polymers as monomers. D. Polysaccharides are polymers made of saccharide monomers.
D
How does p-type silicon differ from pure silicon? A. There are no positive charges available. B. There are extra silicon atoms resulting in distortion of the silicon matrix. C. There are other elements with more valence electrons than silicon in the silicon matrix. D. There are other elements with less valence electrons than silicon in the silicon matrix.
D
How many electrons are in the second shell of oxygen? A. 4 B. 2 C. 8 D. 6 E. 10
D
Lipids are insoluble in water because ________. A. they contain a large number of polar hydrocarbon units B. they are synthesized from carbohydrates C. None of the answers are correct. D. they are predominantly nonpolar
D
The following set of redox reactions takes place as shown. Container A Container B Fe → Fe2+ + 2e- Cu 2+ + 2e- → Cu If you had two containers filled with the ion solution described above with a wire connecting a piece of iron (in container A) and a piece of copper (in container B) and a salt-bridge connecting the two containers, which way do the positive ions in the salt-bridge flow? A. The positive ions flow back and forth between the two containers. B. The positive ions flow to container A. C. There is no flow of positive ions in the salt-bridge D. The positive ions flow to container B. E. The ions only move in the containers they originate in.
D
The n-type/p-type junction is like ________. A. a receptionist B. an energy escalator C. a revolving door D. a one-way path for electrons
D
The sequence of amino acids within a protein describes the ______ of a protein. A. secondary structure B. tertiary structure C. quaternary structure D. primary structure
D
What is one physical property that readily distinguishes lipids from other biological molecules? A. Lipids have very high melting points. B. Lipids are readily oxidized. C. Lipids form water soluble positive ions. D. Lipids are insoluble in water.
D
What is the pH of a solution that has a hydronium ion (H3O+) concentration of 2.8 x 10-5 M? A. 5.00 B. 2.80 C. 9.45 D. 4.55 E. 6.15
D
What is the purpose of a salt-bridge? A. to allow electrons to migrate through solutions B. to allow salt to form in the oxidation-reduction reactions C. All of the answers are correct. D. to allow ions to migrate between solutions and maintain a charge balance
D
Which of the following is NOT a matched pair of: a protein's structural level name and an example of that level? A. primary structure - sequence of amino acids B. quaternary structure - separate folded protein chains joining to form a larger complex C. secondary structure - parts of chain wrap into an alpha helix D. tertiary structure - short chain portions fold into pleated (beta) sheet
D
Which of the following is not a component of a nucleic acid? A. a phosphate group B. a nitrogenous base C. All of the choices are components of nucleic acids. D. a protein E. a sugar
D
Which of the following solutions is the LEAST CONCENTRATED? A. 35 grams of solute in 100 grams of solution B. 18 grams of solute in 50 grams of solution C. 5 grams of solute in 20 grams of solution D. 10 grams of solute in 45 grams of solution E. 10 grams of solute in 30 grams of solution
D
Which of the following statements is most accurate? A. You have the exact same molecules in your body as when you were born. B. None of the answers are correct. C. You are chemically the same as you were when you were born. D. You are undergoing continuous chemical change within your body from moment to moment.
D
Which of the following would NOT be described correctly as matter? A. sand B. clouds C. water D. heat E. All of the above would be correctly described as matter.
D
Which sample would have the greatest number of atoms? A. 1 mol C B. 1 mol Si C. 1 mol B D. 2 mol Li E. All of the samples would have the same number of atoms.
D
Carbohydrates contain all of the following elements EXCEPT: a. nitrogen b. carbon c. hydrogen d. oxygen
a
Shown below is the general structure for an amino acid. Amino acids monomers would be predicted to link together for form what type of polymer? (Look a the picture) a. condensation polymer b. addition polymer c. either a condensation polymer or an addition polymer d. neither a condensation polymer nor an addition polymer
a
What would be the correct name for the hydrocarbon shown below? (Look at the picture) a. 2-methylpentane b. 4-methylpentane c. 1-ethylbutane d. 4-ethylbutane c. hexane
a
Which of the following elements would be the strongest oxidizing agent? a. O2 b. S c. P d. Si
a
Which of the following molecules contains a ketone? all of the above b a c a or b
a
Which of the following stick structures could describe pentane (C5H12)? none of the above b c a d
a
Which of the following would be considered a polysaccharide? a. glycogen b. sucrose c. glucose d. lactose e. fructose
a
Which of the above molecules would be acidic? a d c b a or d
a or d
. If a lipid is considered saturated, it _________. a. it contains no more than eight carbon atoms b. contains only carbon-carbon single bonds c. it contains at least on carbon-carbon double bond d. it contains at least three oxygen atoms
b
What element is found in proteins that is not present in carbohydrates or lipids? a. carbon b. nitrogen c. hydrogen e. oxygen e. more than one of the above
b
What level of protein structure includes alpha helices and beta sheets? a. primary b. secondary c. tertiary d. quaternary
b
Which of the following molecules contains a phenol? a b and c c b
b and c
The following picture shows an organic molecule:Which region (a-b-c) is an hydroxyl (alcohol) functional group? b and c b b or c c a
c
What would be the correct name for the hydrocarbon shown below? a. 1,1,4-trimethylheptane b. 2-methyl, 5-propylhexane c. 2,5-dimethyloctane d. 4,7-dimethyloctane
c
Which element is oxidized and which element is reduced in the reaction between aluminum and zinc chloride below? 2Al + 3ZnCl2 -----> 2AlCl3+ 3Zn a. Both aluminum and zinc were oxidized. b. Both aluminum and zinc were reduced. c. Aluminum was oxidized and zinc was reduced. d. Zinc was oxidized and aluminum was reduced.
c
Which functional group is never found in amino acids that comprise proteins? a. carboxylic acid b. amino acid c. ether d. both (a) and (b)
c
Which is NOT one of the four major classes of biomolecules? a. carbohydrates b. nucleic acids c. cholesterol d. lipids e. proteins
c
Which of the following is not a true statement regarding condensation polymers? a. monomers must contain two functional groups b. polymerization proceeds with the loss of a small molecule for every reaction between two monomers c. monomers must contain at least one double bond d. more than one of the above statements is correct
c
Which type of fat would you predict to be a solid at room temperature and why? a. Unsaturated fats are more likely to be solids at room temperature because they can pack together more tightly and the strength of the induced dipole-induced dipole interactions are stronger between the molecules. b. Unsaturated fats are more likely to be solids at room temperature because the kinks prevent tight packing of the molecules and the induced dipole-induced dipole interactions are weaker between the molecules. c. Saturated fats are more likely to be solids at room temperature because they can pack together more tightly and the strength of the induced dipole-induced dipole interactions are stronger between the molecules. d. Saturated fats are more likely to be solids at room temperature because the kinks prevent tight packing of the molecules and the induced dipole-induced dipole interactions are weaker between the molecules.
c
Arrange the following types of intermolecular attractive forces from strongest to weakest. (1 = strongest, 4 = weakest) Dipole-dipole Induced dipole-induced dipole Ion dipole Dipole induced dipole.
1 - Ion dipole 2 - Dipole-dipole 3 - Dipole induced dipole 4 - Induced dipole induced dipole
How many atoms of each type of element are in the formula for aluminum nitrate, Al(NO3)3? Al: N: O:
1,3,9
Choose the correct coefficient for each reactant and product to correctly balance the chemical equation below, the reaction of aluminum metal with hydrochloric acid to produce aluminum chloride and hydrogen gas.___ Al + ___ HCl → ___ AlCl3 + ___ H2
2 Al 6 HCl ----> 2 AlCl3 3 H2
Determine the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom of zinc-65. Protons: Electrons: Neutrons:
30, 30, 35
A perfectly elastic balloon (no change in pressure) is filled to an initial volume of 3.80 L inside a room that had a temperature of 295 K. If the balloon is transferred to a new location and the volume expands to 3.93 L, what is the temperature in the new location? A. 305 K B. 285 K C. 440 K D. 385 K
A
After testing and refining many ideas, scientists often develop a comprehensive model that explains why things behave as they do. This type of model is best referred to as a(n): A. scientific theory B. scientific law C. scientific hypothesis D. scientific postulate
A
An insect is flying at 30 mph. The energy of motion that is related to the mass of the insect and also its velocity would be an example of what type of energy? A. kinetic energy B. gravitational potential energy C. elastic potential energy D. chemical potential energy
A
Calculate the energy change for the reaction of 2 moles of HI to produce 1 mol of H2and 1 mol of I2, given the average bond energies.2HI → H2 + I2H-H (bond energy: 436 kJ/mol)I-I (bond energy: 151 kJ/mol)H-I (bond energy: 297 kJ/mol) A. + 7 kJ B. -7 kJ C. -290. kJ D. + 290. kJ E. + 582 kJ
A
Carbon-carbon single bonds can rotate while carbon-carbon double bonds cannot rotate. How many different structures are shown below. A. 3 B. 1 C. 2 D. 4
A
Fat molecules do not have ________. A. nitrogen B. carbon C. oxygen D. hydrogen
A
How are most metals found in nature? A. as ionic compounds B. as native metals C. as covalent compounds D. as free ions
A
How are proteins similar to starch? A. Both are polymers. B. Both are made of glucose monomers. C. Both are lipids. D. All are ways that proteins are similar to starch.
A
How does a soap molecule dissolved in water orient itself around a particle of oil? A. The nonpolar tail points towards the oil and the polar head points towards the water. B. The nonpolar tail points towards the water and the polar head points towards the oil. C. The nonpolar tail interacts with both the oil and the water. D. The polar head interacts with both the oil and the water. E. The soap molecules orients itself randomly.
A
How many microseconds (μs) are in 125 nanoseconds? A. 0.125 μs B. 1.25 x 105 μs C. 1.25 x 1017 μs D. 1.25 x 10-13 μs
A
How many valence electrons does a neutral atom of fluorine have? A. 7 B. 5 C. 9 D. 12 E. 1
A
How readily an acid donates a hydrogen ion is a function of how well the acid is able to accommodate the resulting negative charge it gains after donating. Which should be the stronger acid, HClO4 or HClO2? Why? A. HClO4, because the resulting negative charge is spread over a greater number of highly electronegative oxygen atoms. B. Neither, since both molecules have an H+ ion to donate. C. HClO2, because it has a greater number of hydrogen atoms per oxygen. D. HClO2, because oxygen is not very electronegative, and therefore does not accommodate the resulting negative charge very well.
A
How would an increase in global temperature affect the solubility of carbon dioxide dissolved in ocean water? A. The solubility of carbon dioxide would decrease. B. The solubility of carbon dioxide would increase. C. The solubility of carbon dioxide would stay the same. D. The solubility of a gas is not dependent on temperature. E. The effect on the solubility of carbon dioxide cannot be predicted.
A
Of the choices given, which atom would you predict to be the largest? A. Li B. B C. C D. N E. Ne
A
Of the following boxes containing reactants in a chemical reaction, which of the reactions below would you predict to proceed the fastest? (a) (b) (c) All of the reactions would proceed at the same rate.
A
Starch is a polysaccharide that ________. A. is made by plants to store energy B. is made by animals to store energy C. aids in the digestion process D. is an insoluble fiber
A
The coiling of a chain (alpha helix) of amino acids describes an example of protein ________. A. secondary structure B. tertiary structure C. quaternary structure D. primary structure
A
The following set of redox reactions takes place as shown. Container A Container B Fe → Fe2+ + 2e- Cu+2 + 2e- → Cu If you had two containers filled with the ion solution described above with only a wire connecting a piece of iron (in container A) and a piece of copper (in container B), which way do the electrons flow? A. There is no continuous flow of electrons without the presence of a salt bridge connecting the solutions in the two containers. B. The electrons flow from container B to container A. C. The electrons from from container A to container B. D. The electrons only move in the containers they originate in. E. The electrons flow back and forth between the two containers.
A
The following set of redox reactions takes place as shown. Container A Container B Fe → Fe2+ + 2e- Cu2+ + 2e- → Cu If you had two containers filled with the ion solution described above with a wire connecting a piece of iron (in container A) and a piece of copper (in container B) and a salt-bridge connecting the two containers, describe what happens. A. All of the iron is transformed into iron ions and all of the copper ions are transformed into copper metal. B. All of the iron ions are transformed into iron metal and all of the copper is transformed into copper metal. C. A little bit of iron is converted into iron ions and a little bit of copper ion is converted into copper metal. D. All of the iron is transformed into iron ions and all of the copper is transformed into copper ions.
A
The following set of redox reactions takes place as shown. Container A Container B Fe → Fe2+ + 2e- Cu2+ + 2e- → Cu If you had two containers filled with the ion solution described above with a wire connecting a piece of iron (in container A) and a piece of copper (in container B)and a salt-bridgeconnecting the two containers, which way do the electrons flow? A. The electrons flow from container A to container B. B. There is no continuous flow of electrons. C. The electrons flow back and forth between the two containers. D. The electrons flow from container B to container A. E. The electrons only move in the containers they originate in.
A
There are ________ major classes of biomolecules we use for living. A. only about four B. a few thousand C. several million D. several billion
A
Two molecules have very different physical properties. Molecule A boils at 10°C, while molecule B boils at 105°C. Molecules A and B do not mix. Which molecule is most likely to be nonpolar? A. Molecule A B. Molecule B C. Both molecules are likely non-polar. D. It is impossible to predict without more information.
A
What element results when uranium-238 undergoes an alpha decay and then a beta decay? A. protactinium-234 B. thorium-234 C. actinium-234 D. thorium-242 E. plutonium-238
A
What is oxidation? A. the loss of electrons B. the reduction of oxygen C. the gaining of electrons D. the addition of an electron to the valence shell
A
What is the chemical formula of the following structure? A. C4H8O B. C3H5O C. C3H8O D. C4H7O
A
What is the correct formula formed between ions sodium and ions of oxygen? A. Na2O B. NaO C. NaO2 D. Na3O E. Na2O3
A
What is the mass of zinc sulfide (ZnS) required to produce 18.2 grams of zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) according to the following balanced equation? 3ZnS + 2AlP → Zn3P2 + Al2S3 A. 20.6 grams B. 6.87 grams C. 54.6 grams D. 16.1 grams E. 31.2 grams
A
What is the volume of a sample that has a mass of 18.5 grams and a density of 0.784 grams/mL? A. 23.6 mL B. 14.5 mL C. 0.0424 mL D. 18.5 mL
A
When you have p-type silicon and n-type silicon joined together, why don't electrons dislodged by light in the n-type cross the junction barrier and enter the p-type? A. The junction barrier is unidirectional. Electrons can only move from the p-type to the n-type silicon through the junction. B. The photoelectric effect causes a charge buildup which prevents the flow of electrons in either direction across the junction barrier. C. The boron in p-type silicon's crystal lattice must maintain its "electron holes" as bonding sites. This prevents the electrons dislodged by light in n-type silicon from crossing the junction barrier.
A
Where would you expect to isolate molecules in a fractionating tower that have very few interatomic attractions? A. near the top B. near the middle C. Fractional distillation takes advantage of molecular weight. D. Fractional distillation takes advantage of the number of isomers. E. near the bottom
A
Which compound in the acid-base reaction below is acting as a base?KOH + HNO3 → H2O + KNO3 A. KOH B. HNO3 C. H2O D. KNO3
A
Which element is closer to the upper right corner of the periodic table, the one indicated by the lighter colored atoms or the darker colored atoms? (Look at the picture) A. the element indicated by the darker color B. the element indicated by the lighter color
A
Which of the following DOES NOT describe the scientific process? A. The scientific process is most often used to help answer moral and ethical questions. B. In order to consider experimental results valid, experiments must be replicable. C. Science is the process of gathering knowledge about the natural world. D. There are many different ways to investigate a scientific question. E. Scientific research usually leads to the development of new questions. F. More than one of the above statements DOES NOT describe the scientific process.
A
Which of the following would be considered a homogenous mixture? A. perfume B. trail mix C. chicken noodle soup D. oxygen (O2)
A
Which of the solutions below represents the WEAKEST acid? (A) (B) (C) All acids have the same strength.
A
Who was the first person to propose the idea of the atom? A. Democritus B. Aristotle C. Lavosier D. Mendeleev
A
Why does the melting point of hydrocarbons increase as the number of carbon atoms per molecule increases? A. Because of greater induced dipole-induced dipole molecular attractions. B. The molecular mass also increases. C. An increase in the number of carbon atoms per molecules also means an increase in the density of the hydrocarbon. D. Larger hydrocarbon chains tend to be branched.
A
Which of the following are appropriate units for a measure of volume? Select all that apply, this is a multiple response question. A. liters B. grams C. kilometers D. cubic centimeters (cm3) E. milligrams
A and D
Water is considered "hard" when it contains high amounts of which TWO ions (i.e. select two answers): A. Ca2+ B. Mg2+ C. Na+ D. Cl- E. F-
A, B
Which of the following types of radiation have mass? Select all that apply, this is a multiple response question. A. alpha B. beta C. gamma
A, B
Bohr's model of the atom included the idea(s) that: Select ALL the responses that are correct. This is a multiple response question. A. Electrons can only exist at certain energy levels. B. Electrons absorb energy as they move from lower to higher energy levels. C. Electrons emit energy as the move from higher to lower energy levels. D. Electrons are not allowed to move within an atom.
A, B, C
Which of the following are correct statements about solutions? Select all that apply, this is a multiple response question. A. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures. B. A saturated solution has the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved under given conditions. C. Solutions can be solids, liquids or gases. D. The solute in a solution is the substance present in the greatest amount. E. The solute in a solution is what does the dissolving.
A, B, C
Which of the following are properties of metallic compounds? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY, THIS IS A MULTIPLE RESPONSE QUESTION. A. good conductors of heat and electricity B. shiny (lustrous) C. brittle D. readily form covalent bonds E. malleable and ductile
A, B, E
Which of the following molecules would be capable of hydrogen bonding? Select all that apply, this is a multiple response question. A. HF B. H2O C. CH4 D. N2 E. NH3 F. CO2
A, B, E
In the chemical equation below, which substances would be considered reactants? Select all that apply this is a multiple response question.HCl + NaOH → H2O + NaCl A. HCl B. H2O C. NaOH D. NaCl
A, C
Which of the following are TRUE statements for NEUTRAL atoms? Select all that apply, this is a multiple response question. A. The number of protons is equal to the number of electrons. B. The number of protons is equal to the number of neutrons. C. The number of electrons can be greater or less than the number of protons. D. The number of electrons can be greater or less than the number of neutrons. E. The number of neutrons can be greater or less than the number of protons.
A, D, E
Looking at the picture, what is the functional group?
Alcohol
Looking a the picture, what is the functional group?
Aldehydes
Looking at the picture, what is the functional group?
Amides
Looking at the picture, what is the functional group?
Amines
A major source of chlorine gas, Cl2, is from the electrolysis of brine, which is concentrated salt water, At which electrode is the Cl2 formed? A. Neither the anode or the cathode. B. The anode since Cl- is being oxidized to Cl2. C. It could be formed at either the anode or the cathode. D. The cathode since Cl- is being oxidized to Cl2.
B
Carbon-14 dating is fairly reliable for estimating the age of once living samples up to a maximum of how many years old? A. 5,000 years B. 50,000 years C. 500,000 years D. 5,000,000 years
B
Chemical equations need to be balanced not only in terms of the number of atoms, but also by the charge. In other words, just as there should be the same number of atoms before and after the arrow of an equation, there should be the same charge. What set of coefficients is necessary to balance the following chemical equation? ____ Sn2+ + ____ Ag → ____ Sn + ____ Ag⁺ A. 1, 2, 2, 2 B. 1, 2, 1, 2 C. 1, 1, 2, 1 D. 1, 1, 1, 2
B
From which of the following elements would removing an electron be the easiest? A. Si B. Ga C. P D. F E. Ne
B
Glycogen can be easily and rapidly converted to glucose because ________. A. lactase easily reacts with glycogen B. glycogen is a highly branched polymer C. glucose is more soluble than glycogen D. glycogen is very coiled and its springy shape provides extra energy
B
How do fission power plants work? A. The krypton gas generated in the fission process is used to drive a turbine. B. The heat from a nuclear reaction is used to produce steam that drives a turbine. C. The electrons from a nuclear reaction are harnessed to produce an electrical current. D. The neutrons from a nuclear reaction undergo fusion with water to produce hydrogen gas, which drives a turbine. E. The neutrons from a nuclear reaction undergo fusion with water to produce hydrogen gas, which is a combustible fuel.
B
How many moles of solute are present in 2.0 L of a solution that has a molarity of 1.50 M? A. 0.75 moles B. 3.0 moles C. 1.5 moles D. 1.33 moles E. 2.0 moles
B
How many nonbonding pairs of electrons surround the nitrogen atom in ammonia, NH3? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 E. 4
B
If you had 50.0 grams of water (density = 1.00 g/mL) and 50.0 grams of glycerin (density = 1.26 g/mL), which sample would occupy the greater volume and why? A. Water would occupy the greater volume because it is more dense. B. Water would occupy the greater volume because it is less dense. C. Glycerin would occupy the greater volume because it is more dense. D. Glycerin would occupy the greater volume because it is less dense.
B
In Europe, food labels report the energy content of a food in units of kilojoules (kJ), where 1 kJ = 1000 Joules. If a soft drink contains 694 kJ, how many calories (note the lowercase "c") does this soft drink contain? A. 0.166 calories B. 1.66 x 105 calories C. 2.90 x 106 calories D. 2.90 calories
B
In Rutherford's experiment, a few of the alpha particles directed at the gold foil bounced back from the foil. Rutherford concluded that this was because _______. A. the alpha particles were striking electrons B. the alpha particles were repelled by densely packed regions of C. positive charge within the gold atoms D. the positive charge of the gold atoms was uniformly distributed within the atom E. the alpha particles were magnetically attracted to the atoms in the gold foil
B
In a battery, the following two oxidation-reduction reactions are taking place: rxn A: Zn + 2 OH- → ZnO + H2O + 2e- rxn B: 2 MnO2 + H2O + 2e- → Mn2O3 + 2 OH- What is undergoing oxidation? A. neither manganese nor zinc B. zinc C. manganese D. both manganese and zinc
B
In a battery, the following two oxidation-reduction reactions are taking place: rxn A: Zn + 2 OH- → ZnO + H2O + 2e- rxn B: 2 MnO2 + H2O + 2e- → Mn2O3 + 2 OH- What is undergoing reduction? A. both manganese and zinc B. manganese C. neither manganese nor zinc D. zinc
B
In a metal-containing compound, the metal exists as a ________. A. subatomic particle B. positively charged ion C. negatively charged ion D. neutral atom
B
Iron atoms, Fe, are better reducing agents than copper ions, Cu2+. In which direction do electrons flow when an iron nail is submerged in a solution of Cu2+ ions? A. The electrons flow from the copper ions in solution to the submerged nail. B. The electrons flow from the submerged nail to the copper ions in solution. C. Electrons cannot flow from the nail to the Cu2+ ions because there is no conductor between the two. D. The electrons flow from the positive charge on the nail to the negative charge on the nail.
B
Rust has a tendency to form when iron in contact with water reacts according to the following reaction: 4 Fe + 3 O2 → 2 Fe2O3 What is happening at the cathodic region? A. Iron is being oxidized. B. Oxygen is being reduced C. Iron is being reduced. D. Oxygen is being oxidized.
B
Shown below on the left is the structure of 2-methylpentane. What is the name of the structure on the right, labeled (b)? A. isopentylmethane B. 3-methylpentane C. 2-ethylbutane D. 2-methylpentane
B
Suppose that a certain atom possesses only two distinct energy levels. Assuming that all transitions between levels are possible, how many spectral lines will this atom exhibit? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 E. unlimited
B
The solubility of a given substance in water is 36.0 grams per liter. If 18.0 grams of the substance are dissolved in 0.500 L of water, which of the statements below would best describe the solution? A. The solution is unsaturated. B. The solution is saturated. C. The solution is saturated with some solute remaining undissolved. D. This cannot be determined without knowing the identity of the solute.
B
What element is oxidized in the following equation and what element is reduced? Sn2+ + 2 Ag → Sn + 2 Ag⁺ A. Tin is oxidized and silver is reduced. B. Silver is oxidized and tin is reduced. C. Both tin and silver are reduced. D. Both tin and silver are oxidized.
B
What is the molar mass of Mg(NO3)2? (A mol of Mg(NO3)2 would have a mass of how many grams?) Hint: This is calculated the same was as formula mass. A. 54.3 g/mol B. 148.3 g/mol C. 86.3 g/mol D. 134.3 g/mol E. 118.3 g/mol
B
What is the name of the following compound: MgO A. magnesium monoxide B. magnesium oxide C. monomagnesium monoxide D. magnesium oxygen E. manganese monoxide
B
What is the purpose of an enzyme? A. to bind molecules and keep them out of the body B. to speed up biochemical reactions C. None of the answers describe the purpose of enzymes. D. to slow down biological reactions
B
What is the purpose of the salt bridge in a voltaic cell? A. to allow for the build up of positively charged ions in one container and negatively charged ions in the other container B. to allow for a balance of charge between the two chambers C. to allow the Fe2+ and the Cu2+ to flow freely between the two containers D. to prevent any further migration of electrons through the wire
B
Where would you expect to isolate molecules in a petroleum fractionating tower that have the strongest intermolecular forces? A. near the middle B. near the bottom C. near the top D. Fractional distillation takes advantage of the number of isomers. E. Fractional distillation takes advantage of molecular weight.
B
Which bond is the least polar? A. O-H B. O-O C. O-N D. O-F
B
Which class of organic compounds below doesn't contain a functional group? A. alcohols B. saturated hydrocarbons C. esters D. carboxylic acids
B
Which element would you predict to have similar properties to strontium? A. Rb B. Ca C. Xe D. S E. Ag
B
Which experiment lead to the discovery negatively charged particles existed that had a very large charge to mass ratio (but was not able to quantify either the mass or the charge)? A. R. Millikan's oil drop experiments B. J.J. Thompson's cathode ray experiments C. Rutherford's gold foil experiments D. Lavoisier's conservation of mass experiments E. None of these experiments led to the discovery of the charge of an electron.
B
Which of the following atoms will likely form an ion with a charge of -3? A. Al B. P C. S D. F E. O
B
Which of the following compounds is likely to have the best water solubility? (Hint: Think about the relative polar and nonpolar components of each molecule.) A. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH B. CH3CH2OH C. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH D. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH
B
Which of the following elements would be considered an alkali metal? A. calcium B. potassium C. aluminum D. fluorine E. xenon
B
Which of the following functional groups play the biggest role in the properties of carbohydrates? A. ethers B. alcohols C. amides D. esters E. phenols
B
Which of the following statements best describes monosaccharides? A. It is the basic repeating unit of any polymer. B. It is the fundamental unit of a carbohydrate. C. It is the fundamental unit of genetic material. D. It is the fundamental unit of life.
B
Which of the following statements describes most monosaccharides? A. They are considered to be unsaturated compounds. B. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen with each carbon bound to at least one oxygen. C. They are insoluble. D. They are rarely found as monomers in nature.
B
Which of the monomers below would be used to make the following polymer? (Hint: Consider the requirements for an addition monomer. Also notice that there are two monomers in the polymer shown below.) A. HCCH—CH—CCH—CH3 B. HCCH—CH3 C. H2C—CH2—CH3 D. H2CCH2
B
Which sample would have the greatest mass in grams? A. 1 mol C B. 1 mol Si C. 1 mol B D. 2 mol Li E. All of the samples would have the same mass in grams.
B
Why is vulcanized rubber heated with sulfur more elastic than natural rubber? A. The sulfur breaks the polymer chains into shorter structures. B. The polymer molecules do not rearrange as easily because of the disulfide C. bonds between the molecules. D. None of the answers are correct. E. The polymer molecules change shape and look more like a spring.
B
Would the fusion of helium to form carbon require a net input of energy or result in a net release of energy? A. The fusion of helium to form carbon would require energy because there is less mass per nucleon in carbon. B. The fusion of helium to form carbon would release energy because there is less mass per nucleon in carbon. C. The fusion of helium to form carbon would release energy because nuclear fusion always releases energy. D. Whether or not the fusion of helium to form carbon would result in the net input or net release of energy would depend specifically on the isotope of carbon formed.
B
You suspect that if you change the oil in your car, that the gas mileage of the car will increase. You take the car to a mechanic and get the oil changed. This action on your part is an example of a(n): A. scientific theory B. scientific experiment C. scientific hypothesis D. scientific law
B
Which of the following solutions would be considered basic? Select all that apply, this is a multiple response question. A. a solution with a pH = 5 B. a solution with a pH = 9 C. a solution with [H3O+] = 1.0 x 10-10 M D. a solution with [H3O+] = 1.0 x 10-4 M E. a solution with a pH = 11
B, C, E
Which of the following are examples of PHYSICAL changes? Select all that apply, this is a multiple response question. A. burning of firewood B. evaporation of methanol C. neutralization of hydrochloric acid (HCl) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to produce sodium chloride (NaCl) and water D. crushing of an aluminum can E. melting of gold
B, D, E
A battery operates by ________. A. reduction B. Neither oxidation nor reduction. C. Both oxidation and reduction. D. oxidation
C
A sample of metal has a mass of 0.0793 grams. What is this mass in milligrams? A. 7.93 x 10-6 mg B. 793 mg C. 79.3 mg D. 7.93 x 1012 mg
C
A scientist may propose a testable statement or explanation for a phenomenon based on limited evidence, but which can serve as the starting point for further investigation. This explanation is best referred to as a(n): A. scientific theory B. scientific law C. scientific hypothesis D. scientific postulate
C
Consider a sample with a half-life of 8.0 days. What fraction of the original sample would remain after 16.0 days? A. 0 B. 1/2 C. 1/4 D. 1/8 E. 1/16
C
Correctly identify the functional group at position 6. A. ether B. carboxylic acid C. aldehyde D. ketone
C
Correctly identify the functional group located at position 5. A. ester B. ether C. alcohol D. carboxylic acid
C
How do fats compare to other biomolecules as a source of energy (on a gram to gram basis)? A. All biomolecules have the same amount of stored energy. B. Fats have less energy than carbohydrates but more than protein. C. Fats have more energy than carbohydrates or protein. D. Fats have less energy than carbohydrates or protein. E. Fats have more energy than carbohydrates but less protein.
C
How many electrons are gained or lost in the following half-reaction? C → C4- A. 1/2 electron is gained B. 1/2 electron is lost C. 4 electrons are gained D. 2 electrons are gained E. 2 electrons are lost
C
How many electrons are gained or lost in the following half-reaction? Na → Na+ A. 1/2 electron is gained B. 2 electrons are gained C. 1 electron is lost D. 1 electron is gained E. 1/2 electron is lost
C
How many moles of water (H2O) would be required to react with 2.50 moles of calcium according to the balanced equation below:Ca + 2H2O → Ca(OH)2 + H2 A. 0.0624 moles B. 1.25 moles C. 5.00 moles D. 100.2 moles E. 0.278 moles
C
How would connecting iron with a wire to a piece of metal like copper, which undergoes reduction very easily, affect the rate at which the iron corrodes? A. The rate would stay the same. B. Rates are only affected by temperature. C. It would increase the rate of corrosion. D. It would decrease the rate of corrosion.
C
If 8.00 mg are dissolved in 0.500 L of water, what is the concentration of the solute in ppm? A. 0.016 ppm B. 4.00 ppm C. 16.0 ppm D. 400. ppm E. 62.5 ppm
C
If the pH of a solution increases from 3 to 5, how did the hydronium ion (H3O+) concentration change? A. The hydronium ion concentration increased by a factor of 100. B. The hydronium ion concentration increased by a factor of 20. C. The hydronium ion concentration decreased by a factor of 100. D. The hydronium ion concentration decreased by a factor of 20. E. The hydronium ion concentration decreased by a factor of 10.
C
The mineral selenium is very poisonous, which ________. A. suggests that it is a potent allergen B. means that any selenium in our diet is a bad thing C. doesn't mean it might also be a very essential ultratrace mineral D. tells us that it must be inorganic
C
What is the functional group that is formed during formation of a triglyceride? A. an amine B. an ether C. an ester D. an amide
C
What type of phase change does the following figure best describe? A. evaporation (liquid to gas) B. condensation (gas to liquid) C. melting (solid to liquid) D. freezing (liquid to solid) E. none of the above
C
What type of radiation would predominate on the inside of a high-flying commercial airplane? A. alpha B. beta C. gamma D. All of these are equally predominant.
C
What would be the shape of a molecule where the central atom is bonded to two other atoms and also has two lone pairs of electrons? A. linear B. trigonal planar C. bent D. trigonal pyramidal E. tetrahedral
C
Which of the following is a lipid? A. unsaturated fats B. cholesterol C. All of the answers are lipids. D. saturated fats E. Only saturated and unsaturated fats are lipids.
C
Which of the following is a true statement regarding the half-life of a radioactive isotope? A. The half-life of a sample increases over time. B. The half-life is half of the time it takes for a single atom to undergo radioactive decay. C. The half-life of a sample remains constant over time. D. The half-life of a sample is half the time it takes for the activity of a radioactive sample to decay to zero.
C
Which of the following is the most correct statement regarding the relationship of science and technology? A. Technology and science are basically the same thing. B. The primary goal of science is the development of new technology. C. New technologies tend to arise from scientific discoveries. D. The ultimate goal of technology is the development of new science.
C
Which of the following sources of radiation provides most of our yearly radiation exposure? A. televisions B. smoke detectors C. background radiation D. dental X-rays E. airplane travel
C
Which of the following statement(s) were NOT part of Dalton's atomic theory? A. (a) Every element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms. B. (b) In a normal chemical reaction, atoms are neither created nor destroyed. C. (c) The fundamental structure of atoms can be changed during a normal chemical reaction. D. Neither (b) nor (c) were part of Dalton's atomic theory. E. Neither (a), (b) nor (c) were part of Dalton's atomic theory.
C
Which of the following statements best describes the effect of heteroatoms (atoms besides carbon or hydrogen) on hydrocarbons? A. Heteroatoms have little effect on the chemical and physical properties of a hydrocarbon. B. Heteroatoms have very similar properties to hydrocarbons. C. Heteroatoms greatly alter the chemical and physical properties of a hydrocarbon. D. The properties of the heteroatom compounds depend only on the atom, not how it is bonded to the hydrocarbon.
C
Which of the following would NOT be described as applied research? A. The development of more efficient batteries. B. The design of a more effective blood pressure medication. C. The classification of organisms living near deep sea vents. D. The development of more affordable solar panels. E. All of the above would be described as applied research.
C
Which of the temperatures below would be the coldest? A. 0 °F B. 0 °C C. 0 K D. All of the temperatures are zero, so all would be equally as cold.
C
Why is reproducibility such a vital component of science? A. Reproducibility allows a scientist a second chance to show that their initial findings were correct. B. Reproducibility is a vital component of science because it provides repeat funding. C. An experiment can only be considered valid if other scientists can reproduce the results. D. Modern scientific procedures provide built-in assurances so that reproducibility is no longer considered to be a vital component of science.
C
Looking a the picture, what is the functional group?
Carboxylic Acid
Choose whether a physical or conceptual model would be best to describe each thing listed below. (Conceptual or Physical) The atom: A space shuttle: The earth:
Conceptual, physical, physical
A common approach to building a complex organic molecule is called ________. A. an elucidation synthesis B. a C1 to Cn construction C. a natural products mimick D. a retrosynthetic analysis
D
An amine can often form R-NH3+ (where R- can stand for anything) by reacting with water. What is happening? A. Amines are acidic. B. Amines donate an OH- group. C. Amines are neither acidic nor basic. D. The amine is accepting a proton from the water molecule, resulting in the formation of OH-.
D
Cellulose and starch are similar to each other in that they both A. contain periodic branching of the polymer chain. B. are in the formation of alpha helices. C. are made of a patchwork of crisscrossing long chains. D. are polymers of glucose.
D
For the acid-base reaction below, identify the other product formed.HF + Ca(OH)2 → H2O + ????? A. F(OH)2 B. FOH C. CaH D. CaF2
D
How many electrons are gained or lost in the following half-reaction? Zn → Zn2+ A. 4 electrons are gained B. 1/2 electron is gained C. 1/2 electron is lost D. 2 electrons are lost E. 2 electrons are gained
D
How many molecules of sucrose are in 0.380 L of a 1.55 M solution of sucrose? A. 5.89 x 1023 molecules B. 2.46 x 1024 molecules C. 1.48 x 1023 molecules D. 3.55 x 1023 molecules E. 3.85 x 1023 molecules
D
The two strands of DNA in the double helix are held to each other by ________. A. ionic bonds B. covalent bonds C. metallic bonds D. hydrogen bonding interactions
D
Upon combustion, about how many grams of water vapor are produced from every 16 grams of methane, CH4? CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O A. 18 grams B. 16 grams C. 8 grams D. 36 grams
D
What is the mass number for the following isotope: 19F A. 8 B. 9 C. 7 D. 19 E. 10
D
Which of the following best describes a gas? A. The material has a fixed volume but no definite shape. B. The material has a fixed volume and a fixed shape. C. The molecules are moving slowly and are closely spaced. D. The molecules are moving quickly and are spaced widely apart.
D
Which would you expect to have a HIGHER melting point, Al2S3 (aluminum sulfide), or NaCl (sodium chloride)? A. sodium chloride, because the sodium and chloride ions are smaller than the aluminum and sulfide ions B. aluminum sulfide, because the aluminum and sulfide ions are smaller than the sodium and chloride ions C. sodium chloride, because of the higher charges on the sodium and chloride ions D. aluminum sulfide, because of the higher charges on the aluminum and sulfide ions
D
Which of the following statements best describes a cathode? A. the place where oxidation is taking place in a battery or electrochemical apparatus B. Both statements describe a cathode. C. the place from which electrons are flowing away from D. Neither statements describe a cathode.
D (Red: Reduction Cat: cathode)
Complete each of the following statements. (Increases or Decreases) As the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation increases, the energy: As the frequency of electromagnetic radiation increases, the energy:
Decreases, Increases
In the destruction of ozone molecules by chlorinated fluorocarbons, the chlorinated fluorocarbons are acting as a(n) ________, by converting hundreds of thousands of ozone molecules (O3) to O2 without being used up. A. acid B. base C. reactant D. product E. catalyst
E
When a nucleus undergoes alpha decay, how does the mass number of the atom change? A. The mass number stays the same. B. The mass number increases by one. C. The mass number decreases by two. D. The mass number increases by four. E. The mass number decreases by four.
E
Which of the following atoms would be the most polarizable? A. sulfur (S) B. fluorine (F) C. selenium (Se) D. arsenic (As) E. germanium (Ge)
E
Which of the following elements would be most useful for creating a p-type silicon? A. As B. Bi C. Pb D. Sn E. B
E
Which of the following elements would you expect to have similar properties to magnesium (Mg)? A. Na B. Al C. Ar D. K E. Ca
E
Looking a the picture, what is the functional group?
Esters
Looking at the picture, what is the functional group?
Ethers
Which of the following abbreviations for nitrogenous bases is found in both RNA and DNA? D U G T N
G
Hydrochloric acid (a strong acid) is added to a buffer solution of acetic acid (a weak acid) and acetate (a weak base). What is the effect on the concentration of acetic acid? What is the effect on the concentration of acetate? the concentration of acetic acid ____________ the concentration of acetate ____________
Increases, decreases
Looking at the picture, what is the functional group?
Ketones
Which of the following is a saturated molecule? None of the above are saturated molecules. b c All of the above are saturated molecules. d a
None of the following is a saturated molecule.
Looking at the picture, what is the functional group?
Phenols
Which of the following abbreviations for nitrogenous bases is found only in RNA? R A T G U
U
A common inactive ingredient in products such as sunscreen lotions and shampoo is triethyl amine, also known as TEA. Using your knowledge of hydrocarbon nomenclature as well as your knowledge of the number of bonds that an atom of nitrogen will typically form, which of the following below would you predict as the structure for triethyl amine? b d a c
a
If an electrochemical cell was constructed and utilized the two reactions shown below, which way would the cations in the salt bridge flow? Ni2+ + 2e- ---> Ni (Solution A) Fe ---> Fe2+ + 2e- (Solution B) a. The cations would flow toward Solution A. b. The cations would flow toward Solution B. c. The cations would flow back and forth between the two solutions. d. The cations would not flow in either direction.
a
The bases in a double stranded DNA molecule are held together by _______. a. hydrogen bonds b. covalent bonds c. ionic bonds d. induced dipole-induced dipole interactions
a
What is one of the main differences between HDPE (high density polyethylene) and LDPE (low density polyethylene)? a. LDPE has more branches leading to a lower melting point b. HDPE has more crosslinking, leading to a higher melting point c. LDPE and HDPE are polymers comprised of different types of monomers d. the monomers in HDPE are more polar, leading to a higher melting point
a
What is the correct definition for the term anabolism? a. Anabolism refers to the building up of molecules. b. Anabolism refers to the breakdown of molecules. c. Anabolism refers to the sum of both the building up and breaking down of molecules. d. Anabolism refers to the extraction of energy from glucose.
a
What is the correct term for protecting an easily oxidized metal by placing it in electrical contact with a different metal that has a greater tendency to oxidize? a. cathodic protection b. anodic protection c. electrochemical protection d. electrolytic protection
a
What is the term that describes what happens when an enzyme loses is specific three-dimensional shape and is no longer able to function in catalysis? a. denaturation b. folding c. synthesis d. hydrolysis e. degradation
a
What would be the correct name for the hydrocarbon shown below? (Look at the picture) a. trans-3-hexene b. cis-3-hexene c. hexane d. pentene
a
Which of the following is the unifying feature of all rechargeable batteries? a. The electrochemical reactions that occur at the anode and cathode are reversible. b. The processes that occur at the anode and cathode involve physical and not chemical reactions. c. The anode and the cathode are made of the same material. d. The material at the anode and the cathode can be refilled throughout the battery's lifetime.
a
Which of the following molecules could be a structural isomer for the straight chain hydrocarbon, C5H12? (Look at the picture) all of the above b. a. c. none of the above
a
Why is carbon important for the formation of organic molecules? a. Carbon can form covalent bonds with up to four different atoms, making the number of different molecules that can form nearly limitless. b. Carbon's protons bond with oxygen and hydrogen very easily. c. Carbon can fill its outer electron shells before it can fill its inner ones. d. Carbon's nucleus is highly reactive causing it to change easily into different elements.
a
In the following oxidation-reduction reaction was carbon oxidized or reduced? CH2O + O2----->CO2+ H2O a. Carbon was oxidized. b. Carbon was reduced. c. Carbon was both oxidized and reduced. d. Carbon was neither oxidized nor reduced.
a (Carbon lost H and gained O, it was oxidized)
Which of the following compounds is an amine? a c b all of the above
all the above
All of the following molecules have the same formula, C5H12. Do the structures below represent different conformations or different structural isomers? a. different conformations b. different structural isomers
b
In a blast furnace iron ore is mixed with limestone according to the balanced chemical equation below. Which element is oxidized and which element is reduced in the process of extracting iron metal from iron ore? Fe2O3+ 3C ----->2Fe + 3CO a. Iron is oxidized and carbon is reduced. b. Carbon is oxidized and iron is reduced. c. Both iron and carbon are oxidized. d. Both iron and carbon are reduced.
b
One thing that monomers that form addition polymers have in common is _____. a. they each only contain 2 carbon atoms b. they must contain at least one double bond c. they must contain at least one functional group d. they must contain at least two functional groups
b
What is the general name given to hydrocarbons with double bonds? a. alkanes b. alkenes c. alkynes d. cycloalkanes
b
Which of the above stick structures would have the highest octane rating for use in your engine? All of the above have the same octane rating. b c a
b
Which of the above structures is 2, 2, 4-trimethylpentane? c b a None of the above
b
Which of the following elements is a predominant component of photovoltaic cells? a. carbon b. silicon c. oxygen d. nitrogen
b
Which of the following is true for an electrolytic cell? a. A chemical reaction generates an electric current. b. An electric current is used to make a chemical reaction occur. c. Both statements are true for an electrolytic cell. d. Neither statement is true for an electrolytic cell.
b
Why is cellulose undigestible by humans? a. It is made of galactose monomers. b. The glucose monomers are connected by a beta linkage which can't be broken with human enzymes. c. Cellulose is a plant polysaccharide and no plant polysaccharides are digestible by humans. d. Cellulose is undigestible because it is highly branched.
b
In an electrochemical cell the following reactions are taking place: (a) Ni2+ + 2e- ---> Ni (b) Fe ---> Fe2+ + 2e- Which reaction would be taking place at the anode? a. Reaction (a) would take place at the anode. b. Reaction (b) would take place at the anode. c. Both reactions would take place at the anode. d. Neither reaction would take place at the anode.
b (anode: "an ox.")
What functional group is present in the molecule shown below? (Look at the picture) a. aldehyde b. ketone c. carboxylic acid d. amide
c
What is meant the by the term "essential" amino acid? a. Essentially all of that amino acid is synthesized in the body. b. All human proteins contain that amino acid. c. Humans are not able to synthesize those amino acids and they must be consumed in the diet. d. Essential amino acids must be present in the highest quantities in the body.
c
What is the correct molecular formula for the following structure? (Look at the picture) a. C4 b. C4H8 c. C4H10 d. C4H12
c
What is the correct molecular formula for the following structure? (Look at the picture) a. C6H12 b. C5H12 c. C5H10 d. C5H8
c
All of the following statements correctly describe the operation of a hydrogen fuel cell EXCEPT: a. Fuel cells require a constant source of fuel and oxygen to run. b. Oxygen is reduced at the cathode. c. Hydrogen is oxidized at the anode. d. All of the above statements are correct.
d
Functions of fats within the body include all of the following EXCEPT: a. It serves as a source of energy. b. It serves as a source of insulation. c. It serves as a cushion to prevent injury. d. It serves as a starting material to make nucleic acids.
d
How many electrons were gained or lost in the following half reaction? Br2 ----> 2Br1- a. 1 electron was lost b. 1 electron was gained c. 2 electrons were lost d. 2 electrons were gained e. No electrons were lost or gained.
d
The connection of amino acid monomers to form a protein (polypeptide) occurs via a(n) ___(i)___ reaction with the loss of a molecule of ___(ii)___. a. (i) condensation (ii) CO2 b. (i) addition (ii) H2O c. (i) addition (ii) CO2 d. (i) condensation (ii) H2O e. (i) addition (ii) NH3
d
The element magnesium (Mg) would have an oxidation state of ___(i)___, while in the compound MgCl2, magnesium would have an oxidation state of ___(ii)___. a. (i) 0 (ii) 0 b. (i) +2 (ii) 0 c. (i) +2 (ii) +2 d. (i) 0 (ii) +2
d
The interaction of multiple, folded polypeptide chains is what level of protein structure? a. primary b. secondary c. tertiary d. quaternary
d
Which of the following elemental ions would be hardest to reduce to its elemental form from a metal ore? (Hint: Think about where the metals are located on the periodic table as well as their relative electronegativities.) a. Ga3+ b. Fe2+ c. Ca2+ d. K+
d
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of amylopectin? a. It is comprised of glucose monomers. b. It is a branched polymer. c. It is a polysaccharide produced by plants. d. All of the above are characteristics of amylopectin. d. None of the above are characteristics of amylopectin.
d
Which of the following is not a correct statement regarding the comparison of DNA and RNA? a. DNA is usually double stranded while RNA is generally single stranded. b. DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose while RNA contains the sugar ribose. c. DNA and RNA monomers both contain phosphate groups. d. DNA contains the base uracil, while RNA contains the base thymine.
d
Which of the following is not a function of proteins? a. structure b. enzymes c. hormones d. genetic information e. transport
d
Which of the following is true regarding carbohydrates? a. Carbohydrates are entirely nonpolar molecules. b. Carbohydrates contain a long hydrocarbon tail with a carboxylic acid group attached to one end. c. Carbohydrates can be classified as polar or nonpolar. d. Carbohydrates are soluble in water due to the fact that they contain many -OH functional groups.
d
Which of the following straight chain hydrocarbons would you predict to have the highest boiling point? a. C2H6 b. C3H8 c. C4H10 d. C5H12
d
Which of the statements below is the best definition for an "alkane"? a. Hydrocarbons that contain one more more double bond. b. Hydrocarbons that contain one or more triple bond. c. Hydrocarbons that contain both double and triple bonds. d. Hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds.
d
Why are metals like Fe often galvanized (coated with zinc)? a. Zinc undergoes oxidation more easily than iron, and will prevent the iron from being corroded. b. Zinc undergoes reduction more easily than iron, and will prevent the iron from being corroded. c. When zinc is oxidized it forms ZnO which is solid and unreactive, unlike Fe2O3(rust) which leads to deterioration of the object. d. Both (a) and (c) are correct statements. e. Both (b) and (c) are correct statements.
d
Which of the following elements, when introduced into silicon, would produce a "n" type semiconductor? a. aluminum (Al) b. oxygen (O) c. lead (Pb) d. tin (Sn) e. antimony (Sb)
e
Identify the following compounds as ionic or covalent. RbCl: N2O5: CO: K2O: LiF:
ionic, covalent, covalent, ionic, ionic
Which of the following molecules could be a different conformation of the underlined molecule below? b all of the above a none of the above c
none of the above
Gaining Oxygen and/or losing Hydrogen is _________________.
oxidizing
Losing Oxygen and/or gaining Hydrogen is _________________.
reduction
The mass and weight of an object are measured both on Earth and on the planet Mars. Complete the statements below. The mass of the object on Earth and on Mars ? The weight of the object on Earth and on Mars ?
would be the same, would be different
Draw the Lewis structure for carbon tetrabromide (CBr4). Are the C-Br bonds polar? Is the molecule polar? (Yes or No) Polar Bonds? Polar Molecule?
yes, no