Chem 200 Exam 1
1 mL
1cm^3 converts to what?
Refraction
Contact lenses can focus light die to the ___________ of the waves.
144.0 g
Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, CuSO4·5H2O, is used as a fungicide and algicide. Calculate the mass of oxygen in 1.000 mol of CuSO4·5H2O. Question options: 1) 249.7 g 2) 144.0 g 3) 96.00 g 4) 80.00 g 5) 64.00 g
403.65 amu
Determine the molecular mass of iron (III) bromide hexahydrate, FeBr3×6H2O, a substance used as a catalyst in organic reactions. Question options: 1) 403.65 amu 2) 313.57 amu 3) 355.54 amu 4) 295.56 amu 5) 317.61 amu
0.0610 in^3
Given that 1 inch = 2.54 cm, 1 cm3 is equal to Question options: 1) 16.4 in^3 2) 6.45 in^3 3) 0.394 in^3 4) 0.155 in^3 5) 0.0610 in^3
1.5 ´ 108 m
The average distance from Earth to the Sun is 150 megameters. What is that distance in meters? Question options: 1) 1.5 ´ 108 m 2) 1.5 ´ 103 m 3) 1.5 ´ 106 m 4) 1.5 ´ 10-6 m 5) 1.5 ´ 105 m
0.491 lb/in3
The density of mercury, the only metal to exist as a liquid at room temperature, is 13.6 g/cm3. What is that density in pounds per cubic inch? Question options: 1) 849 lb/in3 2) 0.491 lb/in3 3) 491 lb/in3 4) 1.83 ´ 10-3 lb/in3 5) 376 lb/in3
1282 nm
Line spectra from all regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, including the Paschen series of infrared lines for hydrogen, are used by astronomers to identify elements present in the atmospheres of stars. Calculate the wavelength of the photon emitted when the hydrogen atom undergoes a transition from n = 5 to n = 3. ( R = 1.096776 10 7 m -1 ) A) 205.1 nm B) 384.6 nm C) 683.8 nm D) 1282 nm E) > 1500 nm
micro (state symbol and factor)
M; 10^-6
1140. cm^2
The area of a 15-inch pizza is 176.7 in2. Express this area in square centimeters. Question options: 1) 1140. cm^2 2) 448.8 cm^2 3) 96.8 cm^2 4) 69.57 cm^2 5) 27.39 cm^2
the magnetic quantum number (ml)
The orientation in space of an atomic orbital is associated with
0.06
The result of (3.8621 ´ 1.5630) - 5.98 is properly written as Question options: 1) 0.06 2) 0.056 3) 0.0565 4) 0.05646 5) 0.056462
The angular momentum quantum number (l)
The shape of an atomic orbital is associated with
The principal quantum number (n)
The size of an atomic orbital is associated with
molecules in the gas phase have more space between them than in solids
Water vapor is less dense than ice because Question options: 1) molecules in the gas phase are in constant motion. 2) molecules in the gas phase have more potential energy than in solids. 3) molecules in the gas phase have more kinetic energy than in solids. 4) gaseous molecules have less mass. 5) molecules in the gas phase have more space between them than in solids.
62.40 g
Which measurement is expressed to 4 significant figures? Question options: 1) 0.00423 kg 2) 24.049 cm 3) 1300 K 4) 82,306 m 5) 62.40 g
7.913 x 10^-6 g
Which of the following correctly expresses 0.000007913 g in scientific notation? Question options: 1) 7.913 x 10^6 g 2) 7.913 x 10^-6 g 3) 7.913 x 10^5 g 4) 7.913 x 10^-9 g 5) 7.913 x 10^-5 g
noble gases
Which of the following elements are the least reactive? Question options: 1) alkali metals 2) alkaline earth metals 3) noble gases 4) metalloids 5) halogens
broiling a steak on a grill
Which of the following is a chemical change? Question options: 1) boiling of water 2) condensing water vapor into rainfall 3) melting wax 4) carving a piece of wood 5) broiling a steak on a grill
germanium, Ge, Z = 32
Which of the following is a metalloid? Question options: 1) carbon, C, Z = 6 2) iridium, Z = 77 3) sulfur, S, Z = 16 4) bromine, Br, Z = 35 5) germanium, Ge, Z = 32
milli (state symbol and factor)
m; 10^-3
Law of conservation of matter
mass of the system must remain constant
homogeneous mixture
uniform composition and appears visually the same throughout (Gatorade, salt water)
heterogeneous
varies from point to point (oil, vinegar)
283.89 g/mol
Calculate the molar mass of tetraphosphorus decaoxide, P4O10, a corrosive substance which can be used as a drying agent. Question options: 1) 469.73 g/mol 2) 139.88 g/mol 3) 283.89 g/mol 4) 94.97 g/mol 5) 190.97 g/mol
193.03 g/mol
Calculate the molar mass of (NH4)3AsO4. Question options: 1) 417.80 g/mol 2) 156.96 g/mol 3) 193.03 g/mol 4) 108.96 g/mol 5) 165.02 g/mol
0.305 mol
Calculate the number of moles in 17.8 g of the antacid magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2. Question options: 1) 3.28 mol 2) 2.32 mol 3) 0.431 mol 4) 0.305 mol 5) 0.200 mol
pure substance
- constant composition - every compound has same composition
solid
- definite shape and volume -maintains shape regardless of its container (chalk) - particles lie close together (strong)
liquid
- definite volume - takes shape of its container and has upper surface - particles are close together, but move pass one another
gas
- no definite shape or volume - takes the shape and volume of its container - particles that are very far apart, move freely
physical change
A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance (ice to water to gaseous H2O
group
A column of the periodic table is called a Question options: 1) group 2) period 3) isotopic mixture 4) pillar 5) shell
3.5 ´ 10^-3 cL
A dose of medication was prescribed to be 35 microliters. Which of the following expresses that volume in centiliters? Question options: 1) 3.5 ´ 10^5 cL 2) 3.5 ´ 10^-4 cL 3) 3.5 ´ 10^4 cL 4) 3.5 ´ 10^-3 cL 5) 3.5 cL
1.840 g/cm3
A flask has a mass of 78.23 g when empty and 593.63 g when filled with water. When the same flask is filled with concentrated sulfuric acid, H2SO4, its mass is 1026.57 g. What is the density of concentrated sulfuric acid? (Assume water has a density of 1.00 g/cm3 at the temperature of the measurement.) Question options: 1) 1.992 g/cm3 2) 1.598 g/cm3 3) 1.840 g/cm3 4) 0.543 g/cm3 5) 1.729 g/cm3
scientific method
A logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem
8.35 × 1016 s-1
A photon has an energy of 5.53 × 10^-17 J. What is its frequency in s^-1? 1) 3.66 × 10^-50 s^-1 2) 2.78 × 10^8 s^-1 3) 1.20 × 10^-17 s^-1 4) 8.35 × 10^16 s^-1 5) 3.59 × 10^-9 s^-1
5.7 × 10^-25 J
A radio wave has a frequency of 8.6 × 10^8 Hz. What is the energy of one photon of this radiation? 1) 7.7 × 10^-43 J 2) 1.7 × 10^-16 J 3) 2.3 × 10^-34 J 4) > 10^-15 J 5) 5.7 × 10^-25 J
describe regions of space in which one is most likely to find an electron
Atomic orbitals developed using quantum mechanics
X & Z
Atoms X, Y, Z, and R have the following nuclear compositions: Which two are isotopes? 410 410 412 412 X Y Z R 186 183 186 185 Question options: 1) X & Y 2) X & R 3) Y & R 4) Z & R 5) X & Z
35, 46, 81
Bromine is the only nonmetal that is a liquid at room temperature. Consider the isotope bromine-81, . Select the combination which lists the correct atomic number, neutron number, and mass number, respectively. 81 BR 35 Question options: 1) 35, 46, 81 2) 35, 81, 46 3) 81, 46, 35 4) 46, 81, 35 5) 35, 81, 116
20, 17, 17
How many neutrons, protons, and electrons (in that order) are in the chlorine-37 isotope? Question options: 1) 20, 17, 20 2) 20, 17, 17 3) 17, 17, 20 4) 20, 20, 17 5) 17, 20, 17
H2NO2
Hydroxylamine nitrate contains 29.17 mass % N, 4.20 mass % H, and 66.63 mass % O. Determine its empirical formula. Question options: 1) HNO 2) H2NO2 3) HN6O16 4) HN16O7 5) H2NO3
150. nm
If the energy of a photon is 1.32 × 10^-18 J, what is its wavelength in nm? 1) 1.50 × 10^-7 nm 2) 1.99 × 10^24 nm 3) 150. nm 4) none of the above 5) 1.99 × 10^15 nm
creates a pattern of light and dark regions
Interference of light waves 1) separates light into its component colors. 2) creates a pattern of light and dark regions. 3) focuses a broad beam of light into a point. 4) bends light as it passes the edge of an object. 5) creates a laser beam.
the total mass of the atom
Rutherford bombarded gold foil with alpha (a) particles and found that a small percentage of the particles were deflected. Which of the following was not accounted for by the model he proposed for the structure of atoms? Question options: 1) the small size of the nucleus 2) the charge on the nucleus 3) the existence of protons 4) the total mass of the atom 5) the presence of electrons outside the nucleus
Chemical changes always produce substances different from the starting materials.
Select the best statement. Question options: 1) Chemical changes provide the only valid basis for identification of a substance. 2) Chemical changes are easily reversed by altering the temperature of the system. 3) Chemical changes always produce substances different from the starting materials. 4) Chemical changes are associated primarily with extensive properties. 5) Chemical changes are accompanied by changes in the total mass of the substances involved.
Physical changes may be reversed by changing the temperature.
Select the best statement. Question options: 1) Physical changes may be reversed by changing the temperature. 2) Physical changes alter the composition of the substances involved. 3) Physical properties are not valid characteristics for identifying a substance. 4) Physical properties are mostly extensive in nature. 5) Physical changes are usually accompanied by chemical changes.
A cation has a positive charge and has fewer electrons than its parent atom
Which of the following statements about ions is correct? Question options: 1) An anion has a negative charge and has fewer electrons than its parent atom. 2) Atoms form ions by gaining or losing protons. 3) An ion has equal amounts of protons and electrons. 4) A cation has a positive charge and has fewer electrons than its parent atom. 5) A cation has a negative charge and has more electrons than its parent atom.
water
Which one of the following is a "pure substance" in the sense of the word as used in your textbook? Question options: 1) air 2) tap water 3) sea water 4) water 5) toothpaste
A neutral atom contains equal numbers of protons and electrons
Which one of the following statements about atoms and subatomic particles is correct? Question options: 1) Rutherford discovered the atomic nucleus by bombarding gold foil with electrons. 2) The proton and the neutron have identical masses. 3) The neutron's mass is equal to that of a proton plus an electron. 4) A neutral atom contains equal numbers of protons and electrons. 5) An atomic nucleus contains equal numbers of protons and neutrons.
de Broglie
Which scientist first proposed that particles of matter could have wave properties?
Bohr
Which scientist first proposed that the electron in the hydrogen atom can have only certain energies?
Dispersion
Which work best describes the phenomenon which gives rise to a rainbow?
Rutherford
Who is credited with discovering the atomic nucleus? Question options: 1) Dalton 2) Gay-Lussac 3) Thomson 4) Millikan 5) Rutherford
Group 2 (state the name on periodic table)
alkali earth metals
Group 1 except H (state the name on periodic table)
alkali metals
physical property
any property that is measurable, whose value describes a state of a physical system (does not change composition)
matter
anything that occupies space and has mass (3 states: solid, liquid and gas)
compounds
are pure substances that CAN be broken down into simpler substances by chemical change
centi (state symbol and factor)
c; 10^-2
symbolic domain
chemical symbols, formulas and equations
mixture
composed of two or more types of matter that can be present in varying amounts and separated by physical means
molecule
consists of two or more atoms connected by strong forced called chemical bonds
extensive property
depends on amount; mass, volume, heat
macroscopic domain
everyday things we see and feel; physical and chemical properties (desk, chair)
kilo (state symbol and factor)
k; 10^3
nano (state symbol and factor)
n; 10^-9
Group 18 (state the name on periodic table)
noble gases
intensive property
not dependent on amount; density, temperature
atom
smallest particle of an element that has properties of that element and can enter into a chemical combination
chemistry
study of matter, composition, properties, and interactions
visible
Electromagnetic radiation of 500 nm wavelength lies in the __________ region of the spectrum. 1) infrared 2) visible 3) ultraviolet 4) X-ray 5) g-ray
9.6 x 104m
Express 96,342 m using 2 significant figures. Question options: 1) 9.60 x 10^4 m 2) 9.6 x 10^-4 m 3) 9.6 x 10^4 m 4) 96,000. m 5) 9.60 x 10^-4 m
-1.48
In a Millikan oil-drop experiment, the charges on several different oil drops were as follows: -5.92; -4.44; -2.96; -8.88. The units are arbitrary. What is the likely value of the electronic charge in these arbitrary units? Question options: 1) -1.11 2) -1.48 3) -2.22 4) -2.96 5) -5.55
the matter included particles much smaller than the atom
J.J. Thomson studied cathode ray particles (electrons) and was able to measure the mass/charge ratio. His results showed that Question options: 1) the mass/charge ratio varied as the cathode material was changed. 2) the charge was always a whole-number multiple of some minimum charge. 3) the matter included particles much smaller than the atom. 4) atoms contained dense areas of positive charge. 5) atoms are largely empty space.
established the charge on an electron
Millikan's oil-drop experiment Question options: 1) established the charge on an electron. 2) showed that all oil drops carried the same charge. 3) provided support for the nuclear model of the atom. 4) suggested that some oil drops carried fractional numbers of electrons. 5) suggested the presence of a neutral particle in the atom.
The principal quantum number (n) only
The energy of an electron in the hydrogen atom is determined by
Diffraction
The interference pattern see when light passes through narrow, closely spaced slits, is due to
5.20302 x 10^4 m
Which of the following correctly expresses 52,030.2 m in scientific notation? Question options: 1) 5.20302 x 10^4 m 2) 5.20 x 10^4 m 3) 5.20302 x 10^5 m 4) 5.2 x 10^4 m 5) 5.203 x 10^4 m
bromine, Br, Z = 35
Which of the following is a non-metal? Question options: 1) lithium, Li, Z = 3 2) bismuth, Bi, Z = 83 3) bromine, Br, Z = 35 4) sodium, Na, Z = 11 5) mercury, Hg, Z = 80
mass
Which of the following is an extensive property of oxygen? Question options: 1) boiling point 2) density 3) temperature 4) mass 5) average kinetic energy of molecules
100 mL
Which of the following represents the largest volume? Question options: 1) 10,000 µL 2) 1000 pL 3) 100 mL 4) 10 nL 5) 10 cm3
Thomson
Who is credited with measuring the mass/charge ratio of the electron? Question options: 1) Dalton 2) Gay-Lussac 3) Thomson 4) Millikan 5) Rutherford
Einstein
Who proposed a model that successfully explained the photoelectric effect?
Heisenberg
Who proposed the principle which states that one cannot simultaneously know the exact position and velocity of a particle?
Planck
Who was the first scientist to propose that an object could emit only certain amounts of energy?
133 °F
Acetone, which is used as a solvent and as a reactant in the manufacture of Plexiglas®, boils at 56.1 °C. What is the boiling point in degrees Fahrenheit? Question options: 1) 159 °F 2) 133 °F 3) 101 °F 4) 69.0 °F 5) 43.4 °F
5.83 mL
Aluminum has a density of 2.709 g/mL. What is the volume of a 15.8 gram block of aluminum? Question options: 1) 42.8 mL 2) 2.709 mL 3) 0.0234 mL 4) 5.83 mL 5) 0.172 mL
0.4660 mol
Aluminum oxide, Al2O3, is used as a filler for paints and varnishes as well as in the manufacture of electrical insulators. Calculate the number of moles in 47.51 g of Al2O3. Question options: 1) 2.377 mol 2) 2.146 mol 3) 1.105 mol 4) 0.4660 mol 5) 0.4207 mol
6.5 × 10^4 Å
An infrared wave has a wavelength of 6.5 × 10-4 cm. What is this distance in angstroms, Å? 1) 6.5 × 10^-4 Å 2) 6.5 × 10^4 Å 3) 2.2 × 10^-4 Å 4) 6.5 × 10^6 Å 5) 4.6 × 10^3 Å
46.0 g
Calculate the mass in grams of 8.35 ´ 1022 molecules of CBr4. Question options: 1) 0.0217 g 2) 0.139 g 3) 7.21 g 4) 12.7 g 5) 46.0 g
2.409 x 10^24 O atoms
Calculate the number of oxygen atoms in 29.34 g of sodium sulfate, Na2SO4. Question options: 1) 1.244 x 10^23 O atoms 2) 2.915 x 10^24 O atoms 3) 4.976 x 10^23 O atoms 4) 1.166 x 10^25 O atoms 5) 2.409 x 10^24 O atoms
13
Select the answer that expresses the result of this calculation with the correct number of significant figures. 13.602 x 1.90 x 3.06 / 4.2 x 1.4097 Question options: 1) 13.3568 2) 13.357 3) 13.36 4) 13.4 5) 13
269.0 cm
Select the answer with the correct number of decimal places for the following sum: 13.914cm + 243.1cm + 12.00460cm Question options: 1) 269.01860 cm 2) 269.02 cm 3) 269.0186 cm 4) 269.0 cm 5) 269.019 cm
radio, infrared, ultraviolet, gamma rays
Select the arrangement of electromagnetic radiation which starts with the lowest energy and increases to greatest energy. 1) radio, infrared, ultraviolet, gamma rays 2) radio, ultraviolet, infrared, gamma rays 3) gamma rays, infrared, radio, ultraviolet 4) gamma rays, ultraviolet, infrared, radio 5) infrared, ultraviolet, radio, gamma rays
microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet
Select the arrangement of electromagnetic radiation which starts with the lowest energy and increases to greatest energy. 1) radio, visible, infrared, ultraviolet 2) infrared, visible, ultraviolet, microwave 3) visible, ultraviolet, infrared, gamma rays 4) X-radiation, visible, infrared, microwave 5) microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet
gamma rays, ultraviolet, infrared, radio
Select the arrangement of electromagnetic radiation which starts with the lowest wavelength and increases greatest wavelength. 1) radio, infrared, ultraviolet, gamma rays 2) radio, ultraviolet, infrared, gamma rays 3) gamma rays, radio, ultraviolet, infrared 4) gamma rays, infrared, radio, ultraviolet 5) gamma rays, ultraviolet, infrared, radio
28.0855 amu
Silicon, which makes up about 25% of Earth's crust by mass, is used widely in the modern electronics industry. It has three naturally occurring isotopes, 28Si, 29Si, and 30Si. Calculate the atomic mass of silicon. Isotope Isotopic Mass (amu) Abundance % 28Si 27.976927 92.23 29Si 28.976495 4.67 30Si 29.973770 3.10 1) 29.2252 amu 2) 28.0855 amu 3) 28.9757 amu 4) 27.9801 amu 5) 28.7260 amu
706 g
Sodium bromate, NaBrO3, is used in a mixture which dissolves gold from its ores. Calculate the mass in grams of 4.68 mol of sodium bromate. Question options: 1) 706 g 2) 482 g 3) 383 g 4) 32.2 g 5) 0.0310 g
161.97 amu
Sodium chromate, Na2CrO4, is used to protect iron from corrosion and rusting. Determine its molecular mass. Question options: 1) 261.97 amu 2) 138.98 amu 3) 238.98 amu 4) 74.99 amu 5) 161.97 amu
3.03 m
The FM station KDUL broadcasts music at 99.1 MHz. Find the wavelength of these waves. 1) 1.88 × 10^-2 m 2) 0.330 m 3) 3.03 m 4) 5.33 × 10^2 m 5) > 10^3 m
10^6
The S.I. prefix mega- (M) means Question options: 1) 10^-6 2) 10^-3 3) 10^3 4) 10^6 5) 10^9
m/s
The S.I. unit of speed (distance traveled per unit time) is Question options: 1) km/h 2) km/s 3) m/h 4) m/s 5) none of these choices is correct
3.9 ´ l05 km
The average distance between the Earth and the Moon is 240,000 miles. Express this distance in kilometers. Question options: 1) 6.1 ´ 105 km 2) 1.5 ´ 105 km 3) 5.3 ´ 105 km 4) 9.4 ´ 104 km 5) 3.9 ´ l05 km
The pitcher will be completely filled and a small amount of tea will overflow
You prepare 1000. mL of tea and transfer it to a 1.00 quart pitcher for storage. Which of the following statements is true? Question options: 1) The pitcher will be filled to 100% of its capacity with no tea spilled. 2) The pitcher will be filled to about 95% of its capacity. 3) The pitcher will be filled to about 50% of its capacity. 4) The pitcher will be completely filled and a small amount of tea will overflow. 5) The pitcher will be completely filled and most of the tea will overflow.
elements
are pure substances that CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by chemical change and consists of one type of element
microscopic domain
atoms and molecules, chemical bonds
chemical change
bike in rain --> rust (converts to another substance)
chemical properties
flammability, toxicity, acidity, reactivity, heat of combustion (can or cannot change into another)
weight
force that gravity exerts on an object (it can change; earth vs space)
converting scale
grams -------> moles ---------> entities ^ ^ (use MM) (use Avogardo's #)
Group 17 (state the name on periodic table)
halogens
mass
measure of the amount of matter in an object (remains the same ; earth vs space)
