CHEM Exam 1

Which of the following correctly describes ways in which species on our planet are connected?

1. Microorganisms in the soil convert nitrogen into forms that can be used by green plants. 2. Plants use photosynthesis to produce glucose sugar and O2, both of which are used by animals.

Which of the following statements correctly describe isotopes?

1. Each element's atomic mass is a weighted average of the masses of the elements' isotopes 2. Isotopes have different numbers of neutrons

Common sources of each air pollutant? Tabacoo smoke Paints and varnishes Basements Ventilation systems

1. Formaldehyde, benzene 2.VOCs 3.Radon 4. O3,NO2, SO2, CO

Earth's Atmosphere:

1. Mesosphere 2.Stratosphere 3.Ozone 4.Troposphere

A "cradle-to cradle" approach to analysis of the life cycle of an item includes the idea that _______.

the end of the life cycle of one item leads naturally into the beginning of the life cycle of another

Combustion is correctly described as_______

the process in which a substance burns in oxygen

The distance a wave travels during one cycle is called its _______. This is measure as the distance between two successive _____

wavelength; peaks

Products formed when a hydrocarbon undergoes combustion?

CO, heat, light, CO2

Which of the following is considered by the text to be the greatest challenge for scientists in our century?

Developing clean and sustainable energy sources.

Element vs. Compound

Element contains only one type of atom Compounds consists of two or more eleents, chemically bound

Which of the following are common features of most human activities?

They produce waste They consume natural resources

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) are ______-containing compounds that pass easily into the _______ phase

carbon vapor

In a given chemical compound, the component _________ are present in _________ proportions by mass, regardless of the source of the compound.

elements; fixed

A chemical equation is a statement using chemical ______ that expresses both the identities and the relative ______ of the reactants and products involved in a chemical or physical change.

formulas; quantity

Each element in a given compound comprises a fixed percent by ________ of the compound.

mass

Which of the following options correctly describe the influence of human activities on our planet and solar system?

1. Human activities may be life-threatening to ourselves and to our planet. 2. Human activities may have consequences for other planets.

Which of the following statements correctly describe the information gained from a balanced chemical equation?

1. Relative quatitiies of the substances involved 2. Identities of substances involved 3. Often the physical states of reactants and products

Which of the following are limitations of the "cradle-to-grave" approach to analysis of consumer goods?

1. This approach assumes that consumer goods will not be recycled. 2. This approach does not encourage sustainable practices

Among the targets identified by the United Nations to ensure environmental stability are the __________ of biodiversity loss, halving the proportion of the population without sustainable access to basic _______, and improving the lives of ________ dwellers.

reverse, sanitation, slum

The pair of electrons involved in a covalent bond is called a ____ electron pair, whereas the electrons not involved in bonding are called an unshared or _____ pair.

shared; lone

Which of the following statements correctly describe a properly balanced chemical equations?

1. physical states of reactants may be different than the physical states of products 2. total number of atoms in reactants must be the same in products.

History of ozone depletion in chronological order.

1930s: CFCs are invented and used as propellants and refrigerants by people worldwide 1974: F. Sherwood Rowland, Mario Molina, and Paul Cruzen discover that CFCs are a mjor cause of stratospheric ozone depletion. 1977: The UN meets and adopts the World Plan of Action on the Ozone Layer. 1978: The US and Canada ban the use of CFCs in spray cans. 1987: The Montreal Prtocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer is signed and ratified by countries worldwde. 1990-present: Production and use of CFCs and other ozone depleting agents dramatically decreases.

EM Spectrum from smallest waves to largest waves

Gamma Rays, X-rays, UV-Visible, Infrared, Microwaves, and Radio Waves

Which compound reacts with ozone, reducing the ozone concentrations along congested highways?

NO

Which of the following species are involved in the conversion of NO to NO2?

O3 OH- VOCs