Chem Exam 4
It is estimated that approximately ___ people in the world do not have an adequate supply of fresh water
1.2 billion
Water use is an important aspect of water conservation. For drinking purposes the average adult needs to consume about
1.5 L/day
Approximately what fraction of the earth's surface is covered with water?
75%
What percentage of water on the earth is seawater, and hence, unfit for drinking?
98%
The primary reaction in the formation of photochemical smog is
NO2 + sunlight = NO + O
One of the advantages of treating sewage effluent with ozone as opposed to chlorine is
O3 is more effective in killing viruses
The most serious threat to human health from water supplies is
bacteria
Hemoglobin is the blood protein responsible for the transport of oxygen. Carbon monoxide disturbs oxygen transport by
binding more strongly to hemoglobin than oxygen
What is true about bottled water?
bottled mineral water often contains more dissolved ions than tap water
The concentration of which component of the atmosphere has increased dramatically since the beginning of the industrial era?
carbon dioxide
Heat capacity is a measure of the heat required to
change the temperature of a substance 1 degree celsius
Which gas does not come in part from natural sources?
chloroflurocarbon (CFC)
Anaerobic degradation of organic material in water systems occurs in the absence of
dissolved oxygen
Usually the symptom of carbon monoxide poisoning is
drowsiness
T/F: A single CFC molecule will result in the destruction of a single O3 molecule
false
T/F: Acid rain is a major problem for lakes with a limestone bedrock
false
T/F: Air pollution was never a problem prior to 1800 AD
false
T/F: It is cost effective to try to eliminate all air pollution
false
T/F: Photochemical smog is more likely to occur in cold and wet conditions
false
T/F: Sulfuric acid is less irritating to the respiratory system than sulfur dioxide
false
T/F: The major use of water in the United States is for personal consumption
false
Secondary treatment of sewage involves
filtering and aeration
Which part of the water supply is most isolated from the purifying capacity of the water cycle?
groundwater
In the troposphere, the reactivity of CFCs is
low
An atmospheric inversion is a phenomenon that may have disastrous effects with respect to air pollution. An atmospheric inversion occurs when a
lower layer of cool air is trapped by an upper layer of warmer air
Most hydrocarbons in the atmosphere in rural areas arise from
natural sources
Secondary treatment of waste water is not effective for removal of
nitrates and phosphates
The most abundant component of dry air is
nitrogen
In December 1952 in London, a four day long atmospheric inversion created the worst smog in history. The death toll ultimately attributed to the smog was estimated at
over 8000
Aerobic decomposition of organic matter requires
oxygen
Fluorides are added to water to
prevent tooth decay
Most hydrocarbons in the urban areas arise from
processing and use of gasoline
Aeration of drinking water
removes odors, improves flavor, increases dissolved air
Algae bloom can be stimulated on a lake or pond by
runoff of fertilizers from crops and lawns
What does advanced treatment of waste water not include?
sand and gravel filtration
Primary sewage treatment involves
settling
Unburned carbon produced during the inefficient burning of coal is called
soot
The layer of the atmosphere in which the ozone layer is found is called the
stratosphere
Which one of the following is not one of the principal components required for photochemical smog?
sulfur dioxide
Sulfur trioxide reacts with water to form
sulfuric acid
London smog is attributed primarily to
the burning of coal
Bottled water is becoming an increasing popular drink in the United States. What about bottled water is true?
the testing of bottled water is generally less rigorous than the testing of municipal water supplies
The layer of the atmosphere that is closest to the surface of the earth is the
troposphere
T/F: A possible new technology for disinfecting drinking water involves using ultraviolet light
true
T/F: Each person in the United States flushes approximately 35,000 L of drinking quality water down the toilet each year
true
T/F: Low level carbon monoxide exposure of a long period of time places stress on the heart
true
T/F: One of the steps in the nitrogen cycle produces nitric acid
true
T/F: The fastest growing segment of the beverage industry is bottled water
true
The ultimate source of radon in the environment is from the radioactive decay of naturally occurring
uranium
Dissolved oxygen is added to streams and rivers by
waterfalls and rapids