CHEM FINAL
18) In the reaction Cu+ + Fe → Cu + Fe2+ (Note: The reaction is not balanced.) A) Fe is the reducing agent. B) Cu is the reducing agent. C) Cu+ is the reducing agent. D) Fe2+ is the reducing agent. Answer: A Diff: 4
A) Fe is the reducing agent.
38) Consider the following reaction: 2 Fe + 3 Mg2+ → 2 Fe3+ + 3 Mg The half-reaction for the oxidation in this reaction is A) Fe → Fe3+ + 3 e- B) Fe3+ + 3 e- → Fe C) Mg → Mg2+ + 2 e- D) Mg2+ + 2 e- → Mg
A) Fe → Fe3+ + 3 e-
27) The word smog is believed to have originated in - A) London.B) Los Angeles.C) Mexico City.D) Buenos Aires.
A) London
48) Magnesium burns brightly in the presence of oxygen. When magnesium reacts with oxygen, they produce A) MgO. B) MgO2. C) Mg2O.
A) MgO.
12) Which of the following is a definition of oxidation? A) Oxidation is the loss of electrons. B) Oxidation is the addition of hydrogen. C) Oxidation is the loss of oxygen. D) Oxidation is the addition of electrons.
A) Oxidation is the loss of electrons.
32) A battery is a device that converts chemical energy into A) electrical energy. B) chemical energy. C) nuclear energy. D) light energy.
A) electrical energy.
31) A device that generates an electrical current by taking advantage of a difference in the spontaneous tendency of substances to lose and gain electrons is called an A) electrochemical cell. B) electrolysis cell. C) electroplating cell. D) electrolyte cell.
A) electrochemical cell.
70) Radon is released from soil and rock where it is produced because radon is a - A) gas. B) liquid. C) solid. D) plasma.
A) gas.
89) The term "greenhouse effect" is derived from the fact that - A) greenhouse gases act like the glass in a greenhouse. B) increasing global temperatures will make the earth a better greenhouse. C) green things absorb heat energy most efficiently. D) the effect is caused by green plants.
A) greenhouse gases act like the glass in a greenhouse.
15) With respect to reactivity, oxygen is best classified as - A) highly reactive. B) somewhat reactive. C) relatively unreactive. D) comparable to helium in its reactivity.
A) highly reactive
44) Using hydrogen (H2) to reduce magnetite (Fe3O4) to iron (Fe) is considered to be "greener" than using carbon monoxide (CO) because A) there are more molecules of the CO2 by-products produced than molecules of the water by-product. B) water contributes less to climate change than carbon dioxide does. C) using hydrogen uses much less energy than using carbon monoxide does. D) the iron produced by using hydrogen can be replaced by aluminum more easily.
B
A battery in which a fuel is oxidized at the anode and oxygen is reduced at the cathode is a(n) A) lithium battery. B) fuel cell. C) alkaline battery. D) lead storage battery.
B
Antioxidants are A) water soluble. B) reducing agents found in foods. C) oxidizing agents found in foods. D) fat-soluble.
B
Human cells obtain energy by A) absorbing sunlight. B) oxidizing carbohydrates. C) reducing proteins. D) reducing carbon dioxide.
B
The most abundant element (by mass) in the human body is A) nitrogen. B) oxygen. C) water. D) carbon
B
When metals react with oxygen, they form A) metalloids. B) oxides. C) new elements. D) halides
B
30) The complete oxidation of coal produces - A) carbon monoxide (CO). B) carbon dioxide (CO2). C) particulate matter. D) soot.
B) carbon dioxide
4) The most important of the minor components of dry air is - A) argon.B) carbon dioxide.C) helium.D) neon.
B) carbon dioxide
5) The concentration of which component of the atmosphere has increased dramatically since the beginning of the industrial era? - A) argonB) carbon dioxideC) oxygenD) nitrogen
B) carbon dioxide
6) Which component of the atmosphere is predicted to rise in the foreseeable future? - A) argonB) carbon dioxideC) nitrogenD) oxygen
B) carbon dioxide
59) Catalytic converters on automobiles are designed to reduce the emission of - A) nitrogen oxides. B) carbon monoxide. C) carbon dioxide. D) sulfur oxides.
B) carbon monoxide.
92) The process for removing CO2 from the atmosphere or collecting it from large emission sources and storing it in underground reservoirs is known as - A) carbonation. B) carbon sequestration. C) climate change. D) greenhouse control.
B) carbon sequestration.
75) Which of the following gases is most efficient at trapping atmospheric heat? - A) carbon dioxide (CO2) B) nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) C) water (H2O) D) methane (CH4)
B) nitrogen trifluoride (NF3)
5) The inorganic portion of the lithosphere is made up of silicon and nonmetals like oxygen, sulfur and carbon chemically combined with A) metals. B) nonmetals. C) carbon. D) water.
B) nonmetals.
14) A major source of oxygen on Earth is - A) ozone. B) ocean based phytoplankton. C) animals. D) decomposition of water in the oceans.
B) ocean based phytoplankton.
7) Which of the following is NOT a major component of the earth's rocks and minerals? A) carbonates B) organic compounds C) oxides D) silicates
B) organic compounds
* Oxidation number 11) The black, granular material that fills a dry cell in a common flashlight (between the carbon rod and the zinc shell) is manganese dioxide, MnO2. The oxidation number of manganese in MnO2 is A) +2. B) -2. C) +4. D) -4.
C) +4.
13) The oxidation number for Cl in Cl2 is A) -2. B) -1. C) 0. D) +1.
C) 0.
41) The approximate human population of Earth is A) 2 billion. B) 12 billion. C) 7 billion. D) 10 billion.
C) 7 billion.
47) When metals react with oxygen, they form A) new elements. B) halides. C) oxides.
C) oxides.
22) In a reaction, the substance undergoing reduction serves as the A) electron donor. B) proton donor. C) oxidizing agent. D) reducing agent.
C) oxidizing agent.
78) Ozone is a very strong - A) acid. B) base. C) oxidizing agent. D) reducing agent.
C) oxidizing agent.
3) The most abundant element in the earth's crust is A) silicon. B) iron. C) oxygen. D) sodium.
C) oxygen.
60) The metal catalyst in catalytic converters is often - A) zinc. B) silver. C) platinum. D) aluminum.
C) platinum.
43) Which of the following is NOT a potential problem with a sanitary landfill? A) A landfill may leak and contaminate groundwater. B) Materials in a landfill decompose more slowly than materials that are exposed to environmental conditions. C) The landfill will eventually fill up. D) All of the above are potential problems of landfills.
D
45) Recycling aluminum saves ________% of the energy needed to produce aluminum from bauxite. A) 5 B) 35 C) 65 D) 95
D
An electrochemical cell is a device that converts chemical energy into A) light energy. B) nuclear energy. C) chemical energy. D) electrical energy.
D
43) The black tarnish on silver is A) AgOH. B) Ag2O. C) AgCl. D) Ag2S.
D) Ag2S.
3) When C3H8 is burned in oxygen, the products are A) C + H2. B) CH2 + H2O. C) CO2 + H2. D) CO2 + H2O.
D) CO2 + H2O.
40) Which of the following statements about particulate particles is NOT correct? - A) They are easier to remove from factory exhaust than sulfur dioxide is. B) They can sometimes be seen in the air as dust or smoke. C) Particles that are less than 10 µm in diameter are more dangerous than larger particles are. D) Less than 10% of the counties in the United States have particle pollution levels that exceed the EPA's standards.
D) Less than 10% of the counties in the United States have particle pollution levels that exceed the EPA's standards.
39) Consider the following reaction: 2 Fe + 3 Mg2+ → 2 Fe3+ + 3 Mg The half-reaction for the reduction in this reaction is A) Fe → Fe3+ + 3 e- B) Fe3+ + 3 e- → Fe C) Mg → Mg2+ + 2 e- D) Mg2+ + 2 e- → Mg
D) Mg2+ + 2 e- → Mg
21) Kilauea volcano in Hawaii emits 200-300 tons of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere each day. This is an example of - A) the impact of natural processes on the earth's environment.B) air pollution from a natural source.C) the magnitude of the chemistry associated with the environment.D) The Kilauea volcano is an example of all of the above.
D) The Kilauea volcano is an example of all of the above.
44) The removal of silver tarnish from silverware using aluminum foil and a solution of electrolyte is an example of A) oxidation of aluminum metal. B) reduction of silver ions. C) an example of an electrochemical cell. D) all of the above
D) all of the above
34) A mixture of two or more elements which includes at least one metal is a(n) A) glass. B) ceramic. C) clay. D) alloy.
D) alloy.
71) Indoor "air cleaners" are often advertized. However, some air cleaners actually generate which of the following pollutants? - A) mold B) CFCs C) methane D) ozone
D) ozone
11) Which material is characterized by a well-ordered, three dimensional structure of SiO4 tetrahedra? A) asbestos B) mica C) glass D) quartz
D) quartz
38) The best way to handle solid waste is to A) incinerate it. B) dump it at sea. C) bury it. D) reduce it, reuse it and recycle it.
D) reduce it, reuse it and recycle it.
42) The corrosion of metals, such as the rusting of iron, is an example of A) reduction. B) oxidation. C) proton transfer. D) transmutation.
...
35) Which of the following statements about technologically important elements is true? A) China has a virtual monopoly on the rare earth metals. B) The U.S. still has large deposits of high-grade ores. C) It requires more energy to extract these metals from high-grade ores than from low-grade ores. D) The U.S. and other industrial nations are nearly 100% self-sufficient for these metals.
A
A compound that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up itself is a(n) A) catalyst. B) oxidizing agent. C) reducing agent. D) antioxidant.
A
A cyclic hydrocarbon containing seven carbon atoms and two double bonds will have the formula A) C7H10. B) C7H16. C) C7H12. D) C7H14.
A
A device that generates an electrical current by taking advantage of a difference in the spontaneous tendency of substances to lose and gain electrons is called an A) electrochemical cell. B) electroplating cell. C) electrolyte cell. D) electrolysis cell.
A
A substance undergoing oxidation will A) lose electrons. B) gain hydrogen. C) lose oxygen. D) gain electrons
A
Aluminum is more reactive than iron is, but iron corrodes more quickly. This occurs because A) aluminum develops a coating of aluminum oxide, which protects it from further reaction. B) iron is exposed to both oxygen and water, while aluminum is rarely exposed to water. C) aluminum is reduced in the presence of oxygen while iron is oxidized. D) iron has a lower density than aluminum does.
A
Approximately what percentage of the earth's crust is composed of oxygen? 39) A) around 50% B) around 75% C) around 10% D) around 25%
A
The only natural process that produces oxygen is A) photosynthesis. B) catalysis. C) electrochemical cells. D) rainfall.
A
The oxidation number for Cl in Cl2 is A) 0. B) -2. C) +1. D) -1.
A
This substance is a powerful oxidizing agent and a harmful pollutant; yet a layer of it in the upper stratosphere serves as a shield from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. A) O3 (ozone) B) SO3 C) O2 D) CO2
A
What is reduced in the following reaction? 2 Bi3+ + 3 Mg -> 2 Bi + 3 Mg2+ A) Bi3+ B) Mg C) Bi D) Mg2+
A
49) What percentage of hydrocarbons found in the atmosphere result from human activity? - A) 15% B) 40 % C) 95 % D) 75 %
A) 15%
46) When silver tarnishes, A) Ag atoms are oxidized to form Ag+ ions. B) Ag atoms are reduced to form Ag+ ions. C) Ag+ ions are oxidized to form Ag atoms. D) Ag+ ions are reduced to form Ag atoms.
A) Ag atoms are oxidized to form Ag+ ions.
14) What is reduced in the following reaction? 2 Bi3+ + 3 Mg → 2 Bi + 3 Mg2+ A) Bi3+ B) Mg C) Bi D) Mg2+
A) Bi3+
21) Which substance is a reducing agent? A) C B) F2 C) H2O2 D) CO2
A) C
91) Which of the following greenhouse gases is most efficient at trapping heat? - A) CFCs B) CH4 C) CO2 D) H2O
A) CFCs
37) Which of the following statements is true for electrochemical cells? A) Oxidation occurs at the anode. B) Oxidation occurs at the cathode. C) Reduction occurs at the anode. D) Both oxidation and reduction occur at the cathode.
A) Oxidation occurs at the anode.
7) In which of the following partial reactions is the reactant undergoing reduction? (Note: The reactions are not complete.) A) PbO → Pb B) KClO2 → KClO3 C) SnO → SnO2 D) Cu2O → CuO
A) PbO → Pb
34) Sulfur dioxide reacts with oxygen to form - A) SO3. B) S2O3. C) S3O5. D) H2SO4.
A) SO3
63) Which of the following statements about catalytic converters is NOT correct? - A) The reaction surface area is unrelated to the efficiency of the converter. B) They use a metal catalyst such as Pt or Pd. C) They catalyze the conversion of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides to less harmful compounds. D) The catalyst adheres either to a honeycomb support or to small ceramic beads.
A) The reaction surface area is unrelated to the efficiency of the converter.
77) Ozone (O3) and oxygen (O2) are - A) allotropes. B) isoelectronic. C) isomers. D) isotopes.
A) allotropes.
85) A term that describes the relationship between O2 and O3 is - A) allotropes. B) isomers. C) conformers. D) transformers.
A) allotropes.
25) Bronze is a(n) A) alloy. B) compound. C) element. D) pure substance.
A) alloy.
31) Steel, in all of its variations, is a(n) A) alloy. B) compound. C) element. D) pure substance.
A) alloy.
9) Every reduction reaction MUST be accompanied by A) an oxidation reaction. B) formation of covalent bonds. C) formation of ionic bonds. D) formation of water.
A) an oxidation reaction.
13) Which material is characterized by a chain arrangement of SiO4 tetrahedra? A) asbestos B) mica C) glass D) quartz
A) asbestos
14) Great quantities of ________ have been used to insulate furnaces, heating ducts, and steam pipes. A) asbestos B) mica C) agate D) cotton
A) asbestos
55) The major source of photochemical smog is - A) automobile emissions. B) industrial emissions. C) fossil fuel power plant emissions. D) nuclear power plant emissions.
A) automobile emissions.
30) The name of an ore from which aluminum can be produced is A) bauxite. B) chromium. C) mica. D) chrysotile.
A) bauxite.
93) Which of the following activities would NOT lower the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere? - A) building coal-fired power plants B) concentrating emitted CO2 in large underground reservoirs C) planting trees D) stopping deforestation
A) building coal-fired power plants
96) Which of the following pollutants has the least environmental effect? - A) carbon monoxide B) nitrogen oxides C) ozone D) sulfur oxides
A) carbon monoxide
6) The common element of the organic portion of the lithosphere is A) carbon. B) hydrogen. C) oxygen. D) silicon.
A) carbon.
18) The two major components in cement are A) clay and limestone. B) sand and limestone. C) calcium carbonate and limestone. D) quartz and limestone.
A) clay and limestone.
20) Cement is made from limestone and A) clay. B) sand. C) coal.
A) clay.
46) The presence of nitrogen dioxide in smog is most easily recognized by - A) color. B) odor. C) taste. D) odor.
A) color.
1) The three major structural parts of the earth are A) core, mantle and crust. B) lithosphere, atmosphere and crust. C) mantle, crust and atmosphere. D) lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.
A) core, mantle and crust.
30) An electrochemical cell is a device that converts chemical energy into A) electrical energy. B) chemical energy. C) nuclear energy. D) light energy.
A) electrical energy.
4) The majority of metals and minerals come from the A) lithosphere. B) hydrosphere. C) mantle. D) atmosphere.
A) lithosphere.
2) A substance undergoing oxidation will A) lose electrons. B) lose oxygen. C) gain hydrogen. D) gain electrons.
A) lose electrons.
80) In the troposphere, the reactivity of CFCs is - A) low. B) moderate. C) high. D) comparable to neon.
A) low.
18) An atmospheric inversion is a phenomenon that may have disastrous effects with respect to air pollution. An atmospheric inversion occurs when a - A) lower layer of cool air is trapped by an upper layer of warmer air.B) lower layer of warm air is trapped by an upper layer of cooler air.C) lower layer of oxygen rich air is trapped by an upper layer of oxygen deficient air.D) lower layer of oxygen deficient air is trapped by an upper layer of oxygen rich air.
A) lower layer of cool air is trapped by an upper layer of warmer air.
57) The day starts out bright and sunny. Later, a brown haze develops. This indicates the presence of - A) nitrogen dioxide. B) ozone. C) carbon monoxide. D) methane.
A) nitrogen dioxide.
5) C2H6O2 is ________ in the following reaction: C2H6O2 → C2H4O2 + H2 A) oxidized B) reduced C) neutralized D) electrolyzed
A) oxidized
10) Pure quartz is composed of A) silicon and oxygen. B) silicon, oxygen and metals. C) silicon, sulfur and metals. D) calcium, oxygen and metals.
A) silicon and oxygen.
29) London smog is attributed primarily to - A) the burning of coal.B) automobile exhaust.C) sunlight and nitrogen oxides.D) ozone.
A) the burning of coal
69) The ultimate source of radon in the environment is from the radioactive decay of naturally occurring - A) uranium. B) xenon. C) thorium. D) polonium.
A) uranium.
76) In terms of reactivity, ozone is best classified as - A) very reactive. B) somewhat reactive. C) unreactive. D) similar to He.
A) very reactive.
23) Which toxic element is found in some types of clays used for pottery and can leach into food or drink if the pottery is not glazed to make it nonporous? A) mercury B) lead C) copper D) calcium
B
26) Probably the first metal to be freed from its ore by smelting was A) aluminum. B) copper. C) lead. D) iron.
B
37) Which of the following metals does the United States import from other countries? A) Cr B) Pt C) Sn D) All of the above are imported from other countries.
B
39) Which of the following has the highest recycling rate? A) plastic soft drink bottles B) steel food cans C) glass bottles D) all of the above have approximately the same recycling rate
B
42) At the present rate of growth, world population will be approximately ________ billion by 2045. A) 15 B) 9 C) 20 D) 3
B
With respect to volume, approximately what percentage of the air we breathe is composed of elemental nitrogen? 34) A) around 20% B) around 80% C) around 50% D) around 10%
B
6) In which of the following is the reactant undergoing reduction? (Note: These reactions are not complete chemical equations.) A) C2H4O → C2H4O2 B) C2H4O → C2H6O C) CO → CO2 D) CH4 → C
B) C2H4O → C2H6O
24) In the reaction Fe2O3 + 3 H2 → 2 Fe + 3 H2O the reducing agent is A) Fe2O3. B) H2. C) Fe. D) H2O.
B) H2.
19) Which substance is an oxidizing agent? A) NaOH B) H2O2 C) HCl D) NaCl
B) H2O2
45) Which of the following statements about the rusting of iron is true? A) Iron is reduced in the presence of oxygen. B) Iron is oxidized in the presence of oxygen. C) The iron(III) hydroxide forms a hard coating that protects the iron from undergoing further corrosion.
B) Iron is oxidized in the presence of oxygen.
74) Liquid crystal display (LCD) monitors have largely replaced cathode ray tube (CRT) display monitors for televisions and computers. Which of the following is a problem that results from use of LCD monitors? - A) The LCD monitors need to be shielded with lead, and lead is a toxic metal. B) Large amounts of nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) are used in production of LCDs, and much of it is released to the atmosphere. NF3 is a greenhouse gas that is much more efficient at trapping atmospheric heat than other greenhouse gases, such as CO2. C) LCD monitors use less energy than CRT monitors do. D) Manufacturing of LCD monitors releases much more CO2 into the atmosphere than manufacturing of CRT monitors did.
B) Large amounts of nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) are used in production of LCDs, and much of it is released to the atmosphere. NF3 is a greenhouse gas that is much more efficient at trapping atmospheric heat than other greenhouse gases, such as CO2.
56) The primary reaction in the formation of photochemical smog is - A) 2 NO + O2 = 2 NO2. B) NO2 + sunlight = NO + O. C) O + O2 = O3. D) O3 + hydrocarbons = aldehydes.
B) NO2 + sunlight = NO + O.
49) Which substance is a common oxidizing agent? A) C B) Na2Cr2O7 C) H2
B) Na2Cr2O7
25) Which of the following statements about ozone is correct? - A) Ozone is a pollutant in both the troposphere and the stratosphere.B) Ozone is a pollutant in the troposphere but not in the stratosphere.C) Ozone is a pollutant in the stratosphere but not in the troposphere.D) Ozone is a not a pollutant in either the troposphere or the stratosphere.
B) Ozone is a pollutant in the troposphere but not in the stratosphere.
35) A substance that is produced as a lead-acid storage battery generates an electric current is A) Pb. B) PbSO4. C) PbO2. D) H2SO4.
B) PbSO4.
1) Which of the following is a definition of reduction? A) Reduction is the loss of hydrogen. B) Reduction is the loss of oxygen. C) Reduction is the loss of electrons. D) Reduction is the gain of BOTH electrons AND oxygen.
B) Reduction is the loss of oxygen.
22) One of the earliest recorded records of polluted air was written by the Roman ________ in 61 A.D. - A) Caesar Augustus B) Seneca C) Cato the Elder D) Pliny
B) Seneca
8) Which of the following statements is NOT true? - A) The temperature of the mesosphere falls as you get farther from the earth's surface.B) The temperature of the stratosphere falls as you get farther from the earth's surface.C) The temperature of the stratosphere rises as you get farther from the earth's surface.D) The temperature of the troposphere falls as you get farther from the earth's surface.
B) The temperature of the stratosphere falls as you get farther from the earth's surface
36) Sulfur dioxide is readily absorbed in the respiratory system where it is - A) soothing. B) a powerful irritant. C) mildly irritating. D) unreactive.
B) a powerful irritant.
21) Clays have widely varying compositions, but basically they are A) aluminum carbonates. B) aluminum silicates. C) iron carbonates. D) iron silicates
B) aluminum silicates.
38) The reaction 2 CaO(s) + 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) ? 2 CaSO4(s) is the basis of - A) electrostatic precipitators. B) chemical SO2 scrubbers. C) particulate removal. D) The reaction is the basis of all of the above.
B) chemical SO2 scrubbers
86) All of the following gases come in part from natural sources EXCEPT - A) carbon dioxide. B) chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). C) nitrogen oxides. D) sulfur dioxide.
B) chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
28) Steel is formed by A) heating iron at high temperature for a long time. B) combining iron, carbon and transition metals such as chromium and nickel. C) oxidizing some of the iron to iron oxides. D) adding sand and heating to a high temperature.
B) combining iron, carbon and transition metals such as chromium and nickel.
32) Bronze is an alloy of A) aluminum andtin. B) copper and tin. C) lead and copper. D) platinum and palladium.
B) copper and tin.
10) All redox reactions occur with the transfer of A) protons. B) electrons. C) oxygen. D) hydrogen.
B) electrons.
40) A battery in which a fuel is oxidized at the anode and oxygen is reduced at the cathode is a(n) A) alkaline battery. B) fuel cell. C) lead storage battery. D) lithium battery.
B) fuel cell.
25) Copper is plated on zinc by immersing a piece of zinc into a solution containing copper(II) ions. In the plating reaction, copper II ions A) gain two electrons and is are oxidized. B) gain two electrons and is are reduced. C) lose two electrons and is are reduced. D) lose two electrons and is are oxidized.
B) gain two electrons and is are reduced.
24) Which process changes porous pottery into nonporous pottery? A) firing B) glazing C) roasting D) synergizing
B) glazing
8) All of the following are minerals found in the lithosphere EXCEPT A) carbonates. B) hydrocarbonates. C) silicates. D) sulfides.
B) hydrocarbonates.
24) A definition of a pollutant is a chemical - A) in the wrong place but at the right concentration.B) in the wrong place and at the wrong concentration.C) in the right place but at the wrong concentration.D) in the right place and at the right concentration.
B) in the wrong place and at the wrong concentration.
8) Consider the following unbalanced equation between copper(I) ions and iron to produce copper metal and iron(II) ions: Cu+ + Fe → Cu + Fe2+ What is oxidized in this reaction? A) copper(I) ion B) iron C) copper D) iron(II) ion
B) iron
28) Silver is plated on copper by immersing a piece of copper into a solution containing silver ions. In the plating reaction, copper A) is oxidized and is the oxidizing agent. B) is oxidized and is the reducing agent. C) is reduced and is the oxidizing agent. D) is reduced and is the reducing agent.
B) is oxidized and is the reducing agent
51) When gasoline undergoes complete combustion, carbon dioxide and water are produced. However, these reactions are generally incomplete combustions, and there are side reactions which produce small amounts of harmful products. These pollutants include all of the following EXCEPT - A) carbon monoxide. B) lead. C) nitrogen oxides. D) volatile organic compounds.
B) lead.
12) Which material is characterized by a two dimensional sheetlike arrangement of SiO4 tetrahedra? A) asbestos B) mica C) glass D) quartz
B) mica
53) Carbon monoxide reacts with hemoglobin and interferes with its ability to transport oxygen. Which other gas also can react with hemoglobin when it is present in high concentrations? - A) nitrogen (N2) B) nitric oxide (NO) C) sulfur dioxide (SO2) D) sulfur trioxide (SO3)
B) nitric oxide (NO)
27) In the production of iron, "coke" is used. Coke is A) previously heated limestone. B) previously heated coal. C) black water formed from mixing coal and water. D) a mineral containing a variety of metals.
B) previously heated coal.
47) Most hydrocarbons in the urban areas arise from - A) burning coal. B) processing and use of gasoline. C) industrial emissions. D) natural sources.
B) processing and use of gasoline.
33) A major advantage of lead storage batteries is that they are A) lightweight. B) rechargeable. C) disposable. D) all of the above
B) rechargeable.
19) The chemistry of cement is A) completely understood. B) somewhat understood. C) not at all understood. D) not an area of study.
B) somewhat understood.
33) Unburned carbon produced during the inefficient burning of coal is called - A) ash. B) soot. C) carbon dioxide. D) clinkers.
B) soot
1) The layer of the atmosphere in which the ozone layer is found is called the A) biosphere.B) stratosphere.C) troposphere.D) ionosphere.
B) stratosphere
15) Cigarette smoke and asbestos fibers act in such a way that each enhances the action of the other. This is known as a(n) ________ effect. A) isotope B) synergistic C) dilution D) concentration
B) synergistic
43) Carbon monoxide pollution is best described as a(n) - A) rural problem. B) urban problem. C) global problem. D) Carbon monoxide pollution is none of the above.
B) urban problem.
22) Which of the following problems is NOT created by the production of cement? A) Particulate material can result from mining of the limestone. B) Smoke and sulfur dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels increase air pollution. C) Incineration at high temperature is needed to destroy toxic organic wastes. D) It requires extensive mining of limestone, and large mountains and hills are being destroyed.
C
ANFO is an explosive mixture of ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3, and fuel oil. When this mixture explodes, the ammonium nitrate undergoes A) oxidation. B) reduction. C) both oxidation and reduction. D) neither oxidation nor reduction.
C
Antiseptics are substances that A) are the same as anesthetics. B) relieve inflammation. C) kill microorganisms. D) are pain killers.
C
When hydrogen is added to a compound, which of the following can act as a catalyst? A) O B) N C) Pt D) C
C
15) What is the oxidation number of bismuth in Bi2O3? A) +1 B) +2 C) +3 D) +6
C) +3
16) In the stratosphere, oxygen (O2) is converted to ozone (O3) by high energy ultraviolet light. When the equation is written and balanced using whole number coefficients, the coefficient of ozone is - A) 4. B) 3. C) 2. D) 1.
C) 2
87) Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are good substitutes for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) because - A) they are also greenhouse gases. B) C-F bonds will react more easily with hydroxyl radicals, so they are broken down before they reach the stratosphere. C) C-H bonds will react more easily with hydroxyl radicals, so they are broken down before they reach the stratosphere. D) they are too heavy to reach the stratosphere.
C) C-H bonds will react more easily with hydroxyl radicals, so they are broken down before they reach the stratosphere.
83) Even if all CFC production could be stopped today, the ozone depletion problem in the stratosphere would continue for many years because - A) some nations would not follow the ban. B) CFCs are produced naturally in the troposphere. C) CFCs are widespread and very stable in the troposphere. D) ozone is naturally depleted by sunlight.
C) CFCs are widespread and very stable in the troposphere.
58) A secondary reaction in the formation of photochemical smog is - A) 2 NO + O2 = 2 NO2. B) NO2 + sunlight = NO + O. C) O + O2 = O3. D) O3 + hydrocarbons = aldehydes.
C) O + O2 = O3.
17) Which of the following statements is true of oxygen and nitrogen at normal temperatures? - A) Both nitrogen and oxygen are highly reactive. B) Nitrogen is highly reactive, but oxygen is not. C) Oxygen is highly reactive, but nitrogen is not. D) Neither nitrogen nor oxygen is highly reactive.
C) Oxygen is highly reactive, but nitrogen is not.
36) A substance that is reduced as a lead-acid storage battery generates an electric current is A) Pb. B) PbSO4. C) PbO2. D) H2SO4.
C) PbO2.
9) With respect to reactivity at normal temperatures, nitrogen is best classified as - A) highly reactive.B) somewhat reactive.C) relatively unreactive.D) comparable to helium in its reactivity.
C) Relatively unreactive
20) Volcanoes release large amounts of the pollutant ________. - A) HCNB) NO2C) SO2D) NH3
C) SO2
29) Silver is plated on copper by immersing a piece of copper into a solution containing silver ions. In the plating reaction, silver ions A) are oxidized and are the oxidizing agent. B) are oxidized and are the reducing agent. C) are reduced and are the oxidizing agent. D) are reduced and are the reducing agent.
C) are reduced and are the oxidizing agent.
65) Acid rain is precipitation with a pH - A) above 11.5. B) above 8.2. C) below 5.6. D) below 3.6.
C) below 5.6.
44) Hemoglobin is the blood protein responsible for the transport of oxygen. Carbon monoxide disturbs oxygen transport by - A) destroying hemoglobin. B) destroying oxygen in the lung. C) binding more strongly to hemoglobin than oxygen. D) destroying lung alveoli.
C) binding more strongly to hemoglobin than oxygen.
41) Photochromic lenses contain A) only AgCl embedded in the glass. B) only CuCl embedded in the glass. C) both AgCl and CuCl embedded in the glass. D) neither AgCl nor CuCl embedded in the glass.
C) both AgCl and CuCl embedded in the glass.
42) Usually the symptom of carbon monoxide poisoning is - A) shortness of breath. B) uncontrollable shaking. C) drowsiness. D) yellowing of the eyes and skin.
C) drowsiness.
17) Which one of the following materials is longest lasting? A) ceramics B) concrete C) glass D) plastic
C) glass
16) Pottery is made nonporous by A) heating. B) firing. C) glazing. D) painting.
C) glazing.
81) In the stratosphere, the reactivity of CFCs is - A) low. B) moderate. C) high. D) comparable to neon.
C) high.
98) The EPA lists six criteria pollutants. Which of the following is NOT listed by the EPA as a criteria pollutant? - A) nitrogen dioxide B) sulfur dioxide C) hydrocarbons D) lead
C) hydrocarbons
26) The main difference between air pollution problems today and problems in the past is - A) global warming.B) less polar ice.C) it is now a worldwide problem.D) less rainfall.
C) it is now a worldwide problem.
97) In the removal of pollution, the most expensive fraction of pollution to remove is the - A) first fraction. B) middle fractions. C) last fraction. D) The cost is constant across all fractions removed.
C) last fraction.
32) Which of the following is most commonly used to remove sulfur dioxide from smokestack gases? - A) bag filtration B) electrostatic precipitators C) limestone-dolomite process D) wet scrubbers
C) limestone-dolomite process
94) The major source of all air pollutants in the United States is - A) industrial emissions. B) residential emissions. C) motor vehicle emissions. D) natural sources.
C) motor vehicle emissions.
2) The most abundant component of dry air is - A) argon.B) carbon dioxide.C) nitrogen.D) oxygen.
C) nitrogen
54) Which one of the following is NOT one of the principal components required for photochemical smog? - A) nitrogen oxides B) hydrocarbons C) sulfur dioxide D) sunshine
C) sulfur dioxide
11) The industrial fixation of nitrogen to produce nitrogen fertilizers has drastically increased food supply primarily because - A) plants need nitrogen. B) plants fix nitrogen slowly. C) the availability of fixed nitrogen is often a limiting factor in plant growth. D) nitrogen in the atmosphere has decreased over the past two centuries.
C) the availability of fixed nitrogen is often a limiting factor in plant growth.
39) An electrostatic precipitator is a device used - A) in the laboratory study of pollution. B) to precipitate ions in water. C) to remove particles from smokestack gases. D) to remove CO2 from the atmosphere.
C) to remove particles from smokestack gases.
34) The small "button" cells used in hearing aids and hand calculators are being replaced by ________ cells. A) Ni-Cad B) fuel C) zinc-air D) lead-acid
C) zinc-air
29) The feature that makes iron a useful material is its A) resistance to corrosion. B) low weight to strength ratio. C) high weight to strength ratio. D) ability to form a variety of alloys with a variety of metals.
D
33) Iron is so abundant and useful that it accounts for roughly ________ of the world's metal production. A) 10 % B) 40 % C) 65 % D) 95 %
D
36) If we should "run out" of aluminum someday, it would be because we had A) converted too much aluminum to another metal. B) destroyed too much aluminum. C) used too much aluminum. D) scattered aluminum too widely in the environment for efficient recovery.
D
40) When scrap metal is recycled to make new iron and steel products, there is also a reduction in A) energy consumption. B) water pollution. C) air pollution. D) All of the above are reduced.
D
16) Consider the following unbalanced half-reaction: MnO4- → MnO2. The oxidation number of Mn changes from ________, and the Mn is ________. A) +4 to +7, reduced. B) +7 to +4, oxidized. C) +4 to +7, oxidized. D) +7 to +4, reduced.
D) +7 to +4, reduced.
66) "Pure" rainfall (rainfall undisturbed by human influences) has a pH of approximately 5.6. The pH of rain in some areas has been measured at 2.6. The acidity of this rain is - A) 0.3 times that of normal rain.B) 3 times that of normal rain.C) 300 times that of normal rain.D) 1000 times that of normal rain.
D) 1000 times that of normal rain.
64) Urban smog contains several air pollutants, including ozone. For a typical sunny day, when would you expect the concentration of ozone to be highest? - A) midnight B) 6 a.m. C) noon D) 6 p.m.
D) 6 p.m.
2) In terms of composition, nine elements compose approximately what percentage of the earth's crust? A) ≈ 50% B) ≈ 75% C) ≈ 90% D) > 95%
D) > 95%
12) Which of the following is a form of nitrogen fixation? - A) N2 + O2 + energy (lightning) ? 2 NO B) N2 + 3 H2 ? 2 N C) N2 + bacteria ? nitrates D) All are forms of nitrogen fixation.
D) All are forms of nitrogen fixation.
84) Which of the following is true about O2 and O3? - A) They are elemental forms of oxygen. B) They are molecules of oxygen. C) They are called allotropes. D) All of the above are true.
D) All of the above are true.
31) Which of the following is used to remove particulate matter from smokestack gases? - A) bag filtration B) electrostatic precipitators C) wet scrubbers D) All of the above are used to remove particulate matter.
D) All of the above are used to remove particulate matter.
72) All of the following contribute to increasing indoor air pollution levels EXCEPT - A) gas kitchen stoves. B) mold. C) improving insulation and sealing air leaks around windows and doors. D) All of the above contribute to increasing indoor air pollution.
D) All of the above contribute to increasing indoor air pollution.
37) Removal of particulates from smokestack gases - A) decreases the plant's energy efficiency. B) creates a solid waste disposal problem. C) increases the costs of producing energy. D) All of the above result from removal of particulates.
D) All of the above result from removal of particulates.
73) Children exposed to secondhand smoke have a higher risk of all of the following EXCEPT - A) asthma. B) ear and sinus infections. C) sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). D) All of the above risks are higher.
D) All of the above risks are higher.
9) Which of the following technological advances was NOT made possible by access to high temperatures? A) manufacture of glass B) extraction of metals from ores C) manufacture of ceramic bricks and pots D) All of the above were made possible by access to high temperatures.
D) All of the above were made possible by access to high temperatures.
3) The second most abundant component of dry air is - A) argon.B) carbon dioxide.C) nitrogen.D) oxygen.
D) oxygen
90) Increasing the atmospheric concentration of which of the following gases would contribute to global warming? - A) carbon dioxide B) CFCs C) methane D) All of the above would contribute to global warming.
D) All of the above would contribute to global warming.
88) Which is classified as a "greenhouse gas"? - A) carbon dioxide B) chlorofluorocarbons C) methane D) All of these are "greenhouse gases".
D) All of these are "greenhouse gases".
23) Which of the following human activities contributed to the pollution of our ancestral air? - A) Discovering, making, and using tools contributed to air pollution.B) The discovery and use of fire contributed to air pollution.C) The development of crop farming contributed to air pollution.D) All of these contributed to air pollution.
D) All of these contributed to air pollution.
13) Nitrogen is converted to nitrates by which of the following reactions? - A) N2 + O2 + energy(lightning) = 2 NO B) 2 NO + O2 = 2 NO2 C) 3 NO2 + H2O = 2 HNO3 + NO D) All of these reactions are involved in converting nitrogen to nitrates.
D) All of these reactions are involved in converting nitrogen to nitrates.
19) All of the following statements about a closed ecosystem are correct EXCEPT: - A) Ecosystems require a constant source of sunlight to provide energy.B) Animal wastes provide the necessary nitrogen for the ecosystem.C) Plants produce O2 from the CO2 given off by animals.D) Biosphere II is a highly successful example of a problem-free closed ecosystem.
D) Biosphere II is a highly successful example of a problem-free closed ecosystem.
4) In which of the following is the reactant undergoing oxidation? (Note: These reactions are not complete chemical equations.) A) Cl2 → 2 Cl- B) WO3 → W C) 2 H+ → H2 D) C → CO2
D) C → CO2
61) Running an engine with a richer (more fuel, less air) combustion mixture lowers nitrogen oxide emissions from automobiles. The problem is that - A) hydrocarbon emission increases. B) carbon monoxide emission increases. C) fuel efficiency decreases. D) all of the above occur.
D) all of the above occur.
62) Which of the following contributes least to the problem of photochemical smog? - A) nitrogen oxides emitted by cars B) hydrocarbons emitted by cars C) warm, sunny days D) cool, wet days
D) cool, wet days
10) In order for nitrogen to be used by most plants and all animals, it must be - A) separated.B) purified.C) liquefied.D) fixed.
D) fixed
27) Silver is plated on copper by immersing a piece of copper into a solution containing silver ions. In the plating reaction, silver ions A) lose one electron and are oxidized. B) lose one electron and are reduced. C) gain one electron and are oxidized. D) gain one electron and are reduced.
D) gain one electron and are reduced.
26) Copper is plated on zinc by immersing a piece of zinc into a solution containing copper(II) ions. In the plating reaction, copper(II) ions A) lose two electrons and are oxidized. B) lose two electrons and are reduced. C) gain two electrons and are oxidized. D) gain two electrons and are reduced.
D) gain two electrons and are reduced.
48) Most hydrocarbons in the atmosphere in rural areas arise from - A) automobile exhaust. B) evaporation of gasoline. C) industrial emissions. D) natural sources.
D) natural sources.
45) At the high temperature in an internal combustion engine, a fraction of the nitrogen in air is converted to - A) carbon monoxide. B) carbon dioxide. C) ammonia. D) nitrogen oxides.
D) nitrogen oxides.
68) Which one of the following is NOT a property of radon? - A) unreactive B) tasteless C) odorless D) nonradioactive
D) nonradioactive
82) The impact of CFCs on the ozone layer is amplified by the fact that - A) CFCs replicate in the stratosphere. B) CFCs decompose before reaching the stratosphere. C) CFCs react with oxygen to produce many reactive intermediates. D) one CFC molecule will lead to the decomposition of many ozone molecules.
D) one CFC molecule will lead to the decomposition of many ozone molecules.
28) In December, 1952 in London, a four-day-long atmospheric inversion created the worst smog in history. The death toll ultimately attributed to the smog was estimated at - A) 10.B) 100.C) 2000.D) over 4000.
D) over 4000.
* Oxidizing agent and reducing agent 17) Sodium bisulfite converts bromine (Br2) to bromide (Br-). Sodium bisulfite is a(n) A) acid. B) base. C) oxidizing agent. D) reducing agent.
D) reducing agent.
20) Hydrogen gas converts tungsten oxide to tungsten metal. Hydrogen (H2) is a(n) A) acid. B) base. C) oxidizing agent. D) reducing agent.
D) reducing agent.
23) In a reaction, the substance undergoing oxidation serves as the A) electron donor. B) proton donor. C) oxidizing agent. D) reducing agent.
D) reducing agent.
79) One of the results of ozone pollution in an urban environment is - A) destruction of glass windows. B) decomposition of granite buildings. C) cracking of sidewalks. D) shortening the life of automobile tires.
D) shortening the life of automobile tires.
67) The two principal sources of acid rain are ________ emissions from power plants and ________ emissions from automobiles and power plants. - A) sulfur dioxide, ozone B) ozone, carbon monoxide C) carbon monoxide, nitrogen monoxide D) sulfur dioxide, nitrogen monoxide
D) sulfur dioxide, nitrogen monoxide
95) The World Health Organization (WHO) rates which pollutant the worst? - A) carbon monoxide B) hydrocarbons C) nitrogen oxides D) sulfur oxides
D) sulfur oxides
35) Sulfur trioxide reacts with water to form - A) sulfur dioxide. B) sulfur monoxide. C) sulfurous acid. D) sulfuric acid.
D) sulfuric acid.
50) All of the following statements about carbon monoxide (CO) pollution in the United states are true EXCEPT - A) carbon monoxide makes up over 60% (by mass) of all air pollutants emitted into the atmosphere. B) the concentration of carbon monoxide is higher in urban areas than in rural areas. C) people exposed to carbon monoxide have a higher risk of heart attacks. D) the major source of carbon monoxide emissions is industrial sources, such as metal processing.
D) the major source of carbon monoxide emissions is industrial sources, such as metal processing.
7) The layer of the atmosphere that is closest to the surface of the earth is the - A) mesosphere.B) stratosphere.C) thermosphere.D) troposphere.
D) troposphere
41) Which one of the following is NOT a property of carbon monoxide? - A) odorless B) tasteless C) colorless D) undetectable
D) undetectable
52) Organic substances that undergo significant evaporation at ordinary temperatures are - A) lead-containing compounds.B) nitrogen oxides.C) sulfur oxides.D) volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
D) volatile organic compounds (VOCs).