Chem - Hydrogen and Alkali --- Lanthanides & Actinides

What electron sublevel is being filled in the lanthanides? What electron sublevel is being filled in the actinides?

4f sublevel is in the process of being filled for the lanthanides The 5f sublevel is in the process of being filled for the actinides

Why is Hydrogen (a non metal) in the same group as the Alkali Metals?

All of these elements have a similar configuration of outer-shell electrons.

Why are these elements often referred to as "d-block" elements?

As a group, they display typical metallic properties and are less reactive than the metals in Groups 1 and 2. Some of the more familiar ones are so unreactive that they can be found in nature in their free, or uncombined state. Because of this unique filling order, the transition elements are often referred to as "d-block" elements.

How many electrons are in the outer shell of the alkaline earth elements?

Each of them has two electrons in their outer shell.

Halogens (non metal)

Fluorine. Chlorine. Bromine. Iodine. Astatine.

Hydrogen (H) atoms have one electron and exist as diatomic ("two-atom") molecules (H2). Helium atoms have two electrons and exist only as single helium atoms. Explain why hydrogen and helium differ in this way.

Helium has a complete electron shell with its two electrons, and therefore cannot enter into any chemical reactions. Hydrogen has only one electron, so it is ready to combine with anything other than an inert element like heliu

Non - Metals

Hydrogen. Carbon. Nitrogen. Oxygen. Phosphorus. Sulfur. Selenium.

What sublevel is filled just prior to the filling of this sublevel?

It fills after the 6s sublevel

Is radium usually considered as part of the alkaline earth category in terms of chemistry?

It has the same properties of Barium, However, radium is a radioactive element and is generally under the category of radioisotopes in addition to being an alkaline earth metal, because it is not a stable element.

List some uses for lanthanides. List some uses for actinides.

Lanthanides have been widely used as alloys to impart strength and hardness to metals.Lanthanides are used in optical devices (night vision goggles), petroleum refining, and alloys. Actinides are found primarily in applications where their radioactivity can be used to power devices such as cardiac pacemakers.

Alkali Metals

Lithium. Sodium. Potassium. Rubidium. Cesium. Francium.

What are noble gases?

Noble gases are nonreactive, nonmetallic elements in group 18 of the periodic table. Noble gases are used for balloons, light bulbs, and lighted signs.

Where are the halogens found?

None of the halogens can be found in nature in their elemental form. Fluorine is found in combination with cations in several minerals. Chlorine is found in table salt, in the oceans, and in lakes Small amounts of bromide and iodide salts can be found in the oceans

Transition metals

Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Ununnilium Unununium Ununbium

Explain why noble gases are almost completely nonreactive.

That's because they have eight valence electrons, which fill their outer energy level. This is the most stable arrangement of electrons, so noble gases rarely react with other elements and form compounds.

What is the outer shell electron configuration for the halogens?

The electron configuration in the outer shell is ns^2np^5.

What is unique about the transition elements in terms of electron configurations?

The electron configuration of transition metals is special in the sense that they can be found in numerous oxidation states.

How reactive are the alkali metals with oxygen?

The metal hydroxide is formed which is a strong alkali. Alkali metals need to be stored under oil to prevent them reacting with the oxygen and water vapour in the air. The reactivity of the alkali metals increases down the group.

Why are these elements known as "alkaline earth" elements?

The name "alkaline" comes from the fact that compounds of these elements form basic (pH greater than 7) or alkaline solutions when dissolved in water.

Are the alkaline earth elements more or less reactive than the alkali metals?

The need to remove two electrons in order for the material to react means more energy is needed for electron removal. However, these elements are reactive enough that they do not exist in their elemental forms in nature, but are present as compounds.

What is the octet rule? How is it related to noble gases?

The octet rule states that atoms react to form compounds that allow them to have eight valence electrons like the noble gases, which are the least reactive elements.

What does the term "halogen" mean?

The term "halogen" means "salt-former" because these elements will readily react with alkali metal and alkaline earth metals to form halide salts.

Why do many transition element compounds have bright colors?

The unique structure of the transition metals causes them to form brightly colored compounds. This structure affects the way light is absorbed, transmitted and reflected. The oxidation state of the particular element affects the colors of the compounds it forms.

How reactive are these metals with water?

They include lithium, sodium and potassium, which all react vigorously with air and water.

Which actinides are found naturally on earth?

actinium,throrium,proctactium,uranium

Alkali Earth Metals

beryllium magnesium calcium strontium barium radium

Which alkali metal is a liquid at room temperature?

caesium (Cs), rubidium (Rb), Francium(Fr)

What group are the alkali metals and hydrogen in?

group 1

Noble Gases(Non Metal)

helium neon argon krypton xenon radon

What is the physical state of each halogen at room temperature?

luorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine and astatine are solids

Which transition group elements can be found in their free state in nature?

platinum, gold, and silver.

What is the outer shell electron configuration in this group?

s-orbital electron.