Chemistry 4-6 Short Answer
How many single covalent bonds are found in the nitrate ion NO3-? (There are no pairs of unbonded electrons.)
2
How many unpaired electrons are in a nitrogen atom?
3
How many electrons are involved in the bond between carbon and nitrogen in the molecule HCN?
6
Whose research suggested that light was not just a wave, hit could also be understood as massless particles called photons?
Albert Einstein
3 uses for halogens:
Bleach, Teflon, swimming pools, glass etching, paper products, table salts, cancer treatments.
What are the 4 Cs of diamond value and which is the most important?
Carat, Clarity, Color, Cut. Carat, or the size, is the most important.
What branch of chemistry studies the elements and the compounds they form?
Descriptive chemistry.
Cathode rays werw determined to be what atomic particle?
Electron
Which atomic particle does the science of spectroscopy reveal the most about?
Electron
Which has the least mass: an electron, a proton, or a neutron?
Electron
What periodic trend plays a central role in predicting how atoms combine chemically with each other?
Electronegativity.
What subatomic particle was discovered through experimentation with cathode rays?
Electrons
Describe the nucleus of the atom as Rutherford understood it.
Exteremly dense. Makes up a very small portion of the atom. Positive charge.
Which element is the most reactive as well as the most electronegative?
Fluorine
The lanthanide and actinide series together compose what grouping on the periodic table?
Inner transition metals.
Who determined that the charge-to-mass ratio of electrons must be very large; that is, compared to the charge, the mass is almost nothing?
J. J. Thomson
Who is responsible for proposing the wave nature of the electron?
Louis de Brogile
What is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature?
Mercury.
Atoms seek to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to achieve the electron configuration of which group of elements?
Noble gases.
What name is given to the positively charged, central portion of the atom?
Nucleus.
What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?
Periods or series.
Give an example of a network covalent substance.
Silicates, diamonds, Quartz.
Why do elements in the same family have similar physical and chemical properties?
Similar electron configuration, similar atomic structure.
In general, how do the stability and energy of bonded atoms compare with that of unbonded atoms?
Stability is greater. Energy is lower.
What did scientists conclude about cathode rays when they determined that the rays were attracted to a positively charged plate?
The charge of the cathode rays was negative.
What is the name given to groups 3-12 (B-group) elements?
Transition elements.
3 uses for noble gases:
lighting, balloons, deep-sea diving, fluorescent lights, lasers.
List the three major particles in atoms in order from the most massive to the least massive.
neutron, proton, electron
