Chemistry Ch 1-5
An orbital can at most hold how many electrons?
2 electrons
How many NEUTRONS are found in a potassium atom?
20
You know 1000 mg = 1 g. Convert 2.5 grams into milligrams.
2500 mg
How many significant figures: 216 m
3
How many orbitals are in a "p" sublevel?
3 orbitals
How many p orbitals are there in a sublevel?
3 p orbitals
What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?
An atomic orbital can only hold a maximum of 2 electrons, each with opposite spins
It is the study that involves how we analyze the chemical components of a sample
Analytical Chemistry
Which of the following is a p block element?
Ar
This is the smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same substance.
Atom
the basic unit of matter?
Atom
The weighted average of the masses of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element is
Atomic Mass
Electrons occupy orbitals of lowest energy first is part of what electron configuration rule?
Aufbau Principle
Neils Bohr (1913)
BOHR MODEL or PLANETARY MODEL 1. Electrons travel AROUND the nucleus in well-defined paths called ORBITS (like planets in a solar system) 2. Electrons in DIFFERENT ORBITS possess DIFFERENT AMOUNTS OF ENERGY 3. ABSORBING/GAINING a certain amount of ENERGY causes electrons to JUMP to a HIGHER ENERGY LEVEL or an EXCITED STATE When EXCITED electrons EMIT/LOSE a certain amount of ENERGY causes electrons to FALL BACK to a LOWER ENERGY LEVEL or the GROUND STATE
It is described as the study of chemical processes in living organisms
Biochemistry
Nucleus
Center of an atom
What is the difference between Chemical and Physical changes
Chemical makes a new substance, Physical is the state of matter
Define a liquid.
Definite volume, indefinite shape
The first person to propose a theory about an atom was
Democritus
Which scientist developed the Quantum Mechanical
E. Schroedinger
Erwin Schrodinger
Electron cloud model
Hund's rule states...
Electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy, one electron enters EACH orbital ONE AT A TIME until orbitals of the entire energy level have one electron with the SAME SPIN.
When doing orbital diagrams, the large numbers (e.g. 1s, 2s) represent...
Energy Levels
This "rule" of Quantum Chemistry states that no 2 electrons in an atom can be in the exact same state...each electron in an atom can be described by a unique set of quantum numbers.
Pauli Exclusion Principle
If an Ice cream melts will it be
Physical Change
What are the positively charged particles in an atom?
Proton
The nucleus of an atom is made up of...
Protons and Neutrons
Which best describes a chemical reaction?
Reactants --> Products
The height of a wave is called...
amplitude
What is a valence electron?
an electron that is found in the outermost orbital of an atom.
Niels Bohr suggested that electrons.......
are found in specific orbits
Particles of a liquid
are free to move around one another but still touch
J.J. Thomson provided evidence that an atom...
contains negatively charged particles
How many electrons can an d sublevel hold?
d sublevel holds 10 electrons
What are the shapes of p orbitals ?
dumbbells
Contributes basically no mass to an atom.
electrons b/c negative charge
Aufbau Rule
electrons fill the lowest energy level first
A(n) ____________________ is a pure substance made of a single type of atom and cannot be broken down.
element
what is the highest energy state of an atom called?
excited states.
How many electrons can an f sublevel hold?
f sublevels holds 14 electrons
How many electrons can the first energy level hold?
first energy level hold 2 electrons
What is the lowest energy state of an atom called?
ground state
What quantities vary between isotopes of an element?
neutrons and atomic mass
Most of the mass in an atom is concentrated in the...
nucleus
The area of 3D space where an electron is likely to be found is called a(n)
orbital
An atom's overall charge is ________.
overall neutral
Sublevel with a set of 3 dumbbell shaped orbitals.
p
The atomic number for Oxygen is 8, so
proton for Oxygen is 8
What orbital shapes are found at the 2nd energy level
s and p
Sublevel with single orbital shaped like a sphere.
s is shaped like a sphere
How many electrons can an s sublevel hold?
s sublevel holds 2 electrons
How many electrons can the s sublevel hold?
s sublevel holds 2 electrons
What are the sublevels that make up the n=3 energy level?
s, p, d
What are the sublevels that make up the n=4 energy level?
s, p, d, f
Molecules are closest together in a
solid
Which form of matter does not take the shape of its container?
solid
atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Rutherford's gold foil experiment provided evidence that...
there is a dense positively charged nucleus at the center of an atom.
You know you a chemical reaction has occurred if
there is a precipitate. there is a color change. there is a temperature change.
How many significant figures: 0.012 km
2
How many significant figures: 1000 mL
1
How many atomic orbitals are there in the s sublevel?
1 atomic orbitals
sig fig rules
1. All non zero digits are significant 2. Interior zeros (zeros between non-zero digits) are significant 3. Leading zeros (zeros to the left of the first non-zero digit) are NOT significant. 4. Trailing zeros AFTER a decimal are ALWAYS significant 5. Trailing zero's before a decimal point and after a non-zero number are ALWAYS significant 6. Trailing zeros with no decimal point are not significant.
How many electrons can the d sublevel hold?
10 electrons
The length of a desk is 3.5 feet. How many centimeters is the length? (there are 2.54 cm in an inch)
106.68
How many ELECTRONS are found in a potassium atom?
19
Which is the correct sequence of the scientists who made major changes in the model of the atom? 1-JJ Thomson 2-Erwin Schrodinger 3-John Dalton 4-Niels Bohr 5-Ernest Rutherford
3, 1, 5, 4, 2
How many significant figures: 153.0 mL
4
How many significant figures: 2016 m
4
Complete the following calculations. Round off your answers as needed. 52.6 g + 309.1 g +77.214 g
438.9
According to the Aufbau Principle, which sublevel should starting filling with electrons after 5s?
4d
How many sig figs are in the following measurements? 2.4050 X 10-3
5
How many d orbitals are there in a given sublevel?
5 d orbitals
Complete the following calculations. Round off your answers as needed. 245.01 km x 2.1 km
510
How many valence electrons do atoms in group 16 have?
6 electrons
How many electrons can fit in a "p" sublevel?
6 electrons can fit in P SUBLEVEL
How many neutrons does the isotope of lithium have?
8-3=5
Reactant
A chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction
Compound
A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds CO2
ν is the symbol for which part of the wave?
Frequency
The state of matter that has no definite size or shape is
Gas
How did Rutherford discover the proton?
Gold Foil Experiment
Which principle states that we cannot know the location AND momentum of an electron simultaneously?
Hesienberg
How is a gas defined?
Indefinite shape, indefinite volume
This branch of Chemistry cover all materials that are not organic, which are called nonliving substances
Inorganic Chemistry
This branch of Chemistry studies substances such as minerals, metals, catalysts, and most elements on the Periodic Table
Inorganic Chemistry
If two atoms have the same atomic number but different numbers of neutrons, they are
Isotopes of the same atom
Neon has an atomic number of 10 and an atomic mass of 20.180. How many protons, electrons, and neutrons will it have?
P=10 E=10 N=10
What scientist is best known for his "Plum Pudding" model of the atom?
J.J. Tomson
Anything that takes up space and has mass is known as _______________.
Matter
Neutrons have what charge?
Neutral(No Charge)
Electron arrangement that uses arrows
Orbital diagram
What do the letters represent in orbital diagrams?
Orbital shapes
It is the study of carbon compounds
Organic Chemistry
What do isotopes of carbon all have in common?
They all have the same atomic number and number of electrons
Used the "Cathode Ray Tube Experiment" to make his discovery.
Thomson
λ is the symbol for which part of a wave?
Wavelength
What is the shorthand electron configuration for Sulfur atom?
[Ne] 3s23p4
Atoms that gain & lose electrons are called _________
ions
Electrons have what charge?
negative charge
electron
negatively charged particle