Chemistry Chapter 1

dimensional analysis

the changing from one unit to another via convertion factors that are based on equivalent statements between units.

volume

1. The amount of space an object takes up. 2. The amount of space a container can hold.

mass

A measure of the amount of matter in an object. it is usually measured in grams or kilograms.

metric system

A standard of measurement that are based on factors of 10. used in most scientific situations.

scientific notation

A system for reporting very small or very large numbers by writing the number as a decimal number between 1 and 10, multiplied by a power of 10. For example, 602000000000000000000000 is written as 6.02 x 1023.

scientific method

An inefficient but highly successful method of knowledge construction based on experimental testing of hypotheses

density

Mass of a substance per unit volume. recorded in units of g/ml and g/cm3 are common.

measurement

a collection of quantitative data. involves two parts; quantity and a standard called a unit.

significant figures

a number that records the uncertainty of a measuring device. used for rounding correctly in science.

conversion factor

a ratio of the two parts of the statement that relates two units in measurements

si units

is the modern form of the metric system and is generally a system of units of measurement devised around seven base units and the convenience of the number ten.

units

the part of the measurement that indicates the standard or scale being used.

chemistry

the science that deals with the study of matter and the changes that matter can undergo.

theory

well-established explanations for experimental data. To become established, the it must experimentally tested by many different investigators. they usually can not be proven.

natural law

when a behavior in nature is explained with scientific study and is proven to be true.

equivalence statement

when two different quantities are equal but listed with different units. i.e. 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters