Chemistry Chapter 23,24,25
Which carbon skeleton represents an aldehyde?
C-C-C-C=O
An example of a secondary alcohol is shown by the structure ____.
CH₃CH₂CHCH₃ | OH
Which of these compounds would you expect to be most soluble in water?
CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
Which of the following compounds is trichloromethane?
Cl | Cl-C-Cl | H
What is the carbon skeleton of the product formed in the following reaction? C₃H₆ + HBr →
C⎯C⎯C⎯Br
Which carbon skeleton represents an ether?
C⎯C⎯C⎯O⎯C⎯C⎯C
The technique of identifying a person from a sample of hair, skin cells, or body fluid is called ____.
DNA fingerprinting
Which of the following statements is true about the function of DNA in the body?
DNA stores the information needed to make protein.
Which of the following is a test for aldehydes?
Fehling's test
Why do A and T (and G and C) pair in a DNA double helix?
Hydrogen bonds form between them.
Which pair of formulas represents the same compound?
H₃COH(CH₃)₂; (CH₃)₃COH
Which of the following carbon skeletons represents a carboxylic acid?
O || C-C-C-C-C-OH
A ketone has the general structure ____________.
R-C-R || O
Phenols are characterized by ____.
an ⎯OH group on a benzene ring
In an addition reaction, which bond of the reactant is broken?
carbon—carbon double bond
a carbonyl group attached to a hydroxyl group
carboxyl group
a simple carbohydrate molecule
monosaccharide
The simple sugars are also called ____.
monosaccharides
monomers that make up DNA and RNA
nucleotides
Which of the following is NOT contained in a prokaryotic cell?
nucleus
Starch is a poly- ____.
saccharide
What is the role of an enzyme?
speeds up biochemical reactions
Which of the following molecules is responsible for transmitting the energy needed by cells?
ATP
Which carbon skeleton represents a ketone?
O || C-C-C-C
a reaction in which a substance is added at the double or triple bond of an alkene or alkyne
addition reaction
reacts with a carboxylic acid to form an ester
alcohol
What functional group is present in all carbohydrates?
carbonyl
What type of chemical bond links the monomers in a polymer?
covalent bond
a reaction involving the loss of hydrogen
dehydrogenation reaction
Which of the following compounds has the lowest boiling point?
diethyl ether
carboxylic acids with long hydrocarbon chains
fatty acids
Which of the following compounds will produce the least energy when completely oxidized?
hexanoic acid
a carbon atom and an oxygen atom joined by a double bond
carbonyl group
Name the compound CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₃.
ethylpropyl ether
the OH functional group in alcohols
hydroxyl group
polymers produced by the linkage of monosaccharide monomers
polysaccharide
What is the expected product when l-propanol is oxidized?
propanoic acid
Which of the following compounds is the most soluble in water?
propanoic acid
a peptide with more than 100 amino acids
protein
Differences between amino acids are normally due to differences in which part of the molecule?
side chain
Which of the following is true about isopropyl alcohol?
It has a relatively high boiling point.
Which carbon skeleton represents an ester?
O || C-C-C-C-C-O-C-C
Which carbon skeleton contains a carboxyl group?
O || C-C-C-O
Which of the following compounds is known as acetic acid?
O || CH₃-C-OH
Aldehydes have the general structure ____________.
O || R-C-H
Which of the following compounds is a secondary alcohol?
OH | CH₃CH₂CHCH₃ | H
If a primary alcohol is oxidized, the type of molecule it becomes is called a(n) ____.
aldehyde
A peptide bond is a bond between which functional groups?
amino and carboxyl
A typical nucleotide is composed of ____.
base + phosphate + sugar
What is the name of the following compound? O || C₆H₅₅-C-H
benzaldehyde
What substance is added to an organic molecule to test for the degree of saturation?
bromine
Which of the following compounds has the highest boiling point?
butanoic acid
What is the name of the following compound? O || CH₃CCH₂CH₃
butanone
Name the following compound. CH₃⎯CH₂⎯CH₂⎯CH₂⎯O⎯C₆H₅
butylphenyl ether
What is the name of the following compound? O || CH₃-C-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃
2-pentanone
Which of the following compounds has the highest boiling point?
2-pentanone
Approximately what percentage of a human's DNA is used for coding information for the synthesis of proteins?
5%
a sugar that forms from two monosaccharides
disaccharide
What is the name of the functional group in the following compound? O || CH₃-O-C-CH₂-CH₃
ester
Which of the following compounds is the most reduced?
ethane
The IUPAC name for a carboxylic acid with two carbons in a straight chain would be ____.
ethanoic acid
The functional group in CH₃⎯O⎯CH₂⎯CH₂⎯CH₂⎯CH₃ is a(n) ____.
ether
What type of compound is CH₃⎯O⎯CH₂⎯CH₂⎯CH₃?
ether
a compound in which oxygen is bonded to two carbon atoms
ether
Which of the following alcohols is used in antifreeze?
ethylene glycol
A triglyceride is a compound of glycerol and ____.
fatty acid
The most important way to classify organic compounds is by ____.
functional group
a specific arrangement of atoms in an organic compound that is capable of characteristic chemical reactions
functional group
Substitutions, additions, or deletions of one or more nucleotides in a DNA molecule is called ____.
gene mutation
The repeating unit of cellulose is ____.
glucose
The two products of photosynthesis are ____.
glucose and oxygen
a main component of fats and oils
glycerol
Which form of polysaccharide is found in animals?
glycogen
reacts with an alkane by a substitution reaction
halogen
What happens in a condensation reaction?
head-to-tail joining of monomers
Based on your knowledge of intermolecular forces, which of the following would you expect to have the highest boiling point?
hexanol
a reaction involving the addition of water to an alkene
hydration reaction
a reaction involving the addition of hydrogen to a carbon—carbon double bond to produce an alkane
hydrogenation reaction
What type of compound is the following? O || CH₃-C-CH₂-CH₃
ketone
Which of the following terms represents the entire set of chemical reactions carried out by an organism?
metabolism
nitrogen-containing polymers found primarily in cell nuclei
nucleic acid
Esters contribute which property to fruits?
odor
When an oxygen atom is attached to a carbon atom, the carbon atom becomes more ____.
oxidized
any combination of amino acids in which the amino group of one acid is united with the carboxyl group of another through an amide bond
peptide
A nucleotide contains which of the following functional groups?
phosphate
The name of the process in which cells directly use solar energy to make food is ____.
photosynthesis
How many termination code words are there?
three
a reaction in which an atom or group of atoms replaces another atom or group of atoms
substitution reaction
What is the common name of the following compound? CH₃ | CH₃-C-Br | CH₃
tert-butyl bromide
any compound that contains an amino group and a carboxyl group in the same molecule
amino acid
The name of the reactions responsible for producing the heat that maintains the temperature of your body is ____.
catabolism
The monomer used as the building block in polyethylene is ____.
ethene
Base-pairing in DNA involves ____.
hydrogen bonds
Saponification is what type of reaction?
hydrolysis
What is the common name of the following alcohol? OH | CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH-CH₃
sec-hexyl alcohol
The fundamental unit of life is ____.
the cell
In which of the following substances can a lipid NOT dissolve?
water
An ester of a long-chain fatty acid and a long-chain alcohol is a(n) ____.
wax
Which of the following compounds is a glycol?
HOH₂C⎯CH₂⎯CH₂⎯CH₂OH
Which halocarbon has the highest boiling point?
1,2,3-trichloropropane
