Chemistry chapter 6-7 test

polar covalent

CCl4

polar covalent

CO

ionic

CaCl2

copper (II) chloride

CuCl2

a. CO2 b. H2O c. CH4 d. SF6 e. NH3 f. Nitrate Ion (NO3^-1)

Draw the lewis dot structure and use VESPR theory to predict the molecular shape of the following molecules

In covalent bonds, boiling points are based on the attraction different molecules have to one another. H2O is more attractive and harder to separate between molecules than alcohol

Explain the intermolecular force that contributes to the high boiling point of water compared to alcohol.

Some molecules are best represented by resonance structures because electrons are known to bounce around with different atoms to make the molecule stable. These structures indicate the actual structure of the molecule by showing each stage the electrons go through.

Explain why some molecules are best represented by resonance structure, and how those structures indicate the actual structure of the molecule

nonpolar covalent

F2

carbonous acid or hydrogen

H2CO2

sulfuric acid or hydrogen sulfate

H2SO4

hydrochloric acid or hydrogen chloride

HCl

The overall procedure and reasoning illustrates the scientific methods because taking more than one measurement and using critical thinking is necessary to be able to answer the questions

How do the overall procedure and your reasoning illustrate scientific methods?

potassium hydroxide

KOH

ionic

MgO

Trinitrogen heptaoxide

N3O7

ionic

NaF

I think that the student may be incorrect because unknown Y's melting point could be due to an error or because there is a spectrum of ionic and covalent compounds.

On the basis of her electrical conductivity test, the student states that there must be some error because unknown Y acts like a covalent substance when solid but like an ionic substance when melted. Comment on her statement.

Based on the hardness information, I think the student is correct because generally, ionic compounds are known to be hard and covalent compounds are soft.

On the basis of the results of her hardness test, the student concludes that unknowns W and X are covalent substances, and that either Y or Z is the ionic substance. comment on the soundness of her conclusion, given only the hardness information

This conclusion is correct because unknown X follows the trends of covalent molecules. Unknowns W and Z also appear to be covalent. it can be assumed that Y is ionic due to the process of elimination

On the basis of the results of her solubility test, the student concludes that X must be covalent. Comment, and state any further conclusions that can be derived about the other substances.

Her conclusion is valid because of X's solubility in nonpolar forces.

On the basis of the results of the boiling point and melting-point tests, the student concludes that W is the hydrogen-bonded substance and that X must therefore be the substance that has the dispersion forces. is that conclusion valid? explain.

strontium dichloride

SrCl2

Intramolecular bonds are within 1 molecule. an example would the the covalent bonds on the 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen atoms. intermolecular forces are between 2 or more molecules. an example would be the ionic bonds between water molecules

compare and contrast intermolecular forces and intramolecular forces giving examples of each

I would reply that the student is wrong and that the melting point is useful. This is because when covalent bonds melt, the molecules separate, but when ionic bonds melt, the compounds break apart, so it requires more energy for ionic bonds to melt.

the student examines the melting-point data, but claims that it is not useful in determining the substances' types of attractions. how would you reply to that claim