Chemistry Chapter 6

Which element in each pair has a greater attraction for electrons? A. Ca or O B. O or F C. H or O D. K or S

A. O B. F C. O D. S

Arrange the following in order of increasing ionization energy. A. Be, Mg, Sr B. Bi, Cs, Ba C. Na, Al, S

A. Sr, Mg, Be B. Cs, Ba, Bi C. Na, Al, S

ion

An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.

Modern Periodic Table

elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number and arranged in vertical groups containing elements of similar properties.

How is an elements outer electron configuration related to its position in the periodic table?

elements that have similar valence electron configurations are located in the same column or group on the table

true or false? Dimitri Mendeleev used his periodic table to predict the properties of undiscovered elements.

false

Nonmetallic elements tend to __________ electrons and form __________ ions.

gain and negative

Electronegativity

the ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound

ionization energy

the amount of energy required to overcome the attraction of protons in the nucleus and remove an electron from a gaseous atom

what trend do you see in the relative electronegativity values of elements within a group? within a period?

the electronegativity values decrease as you move down a group but increase as you move across a period

Why does ionization energy tend to increase as you move across the period?

the nuclear charge increases but the shielding effect remain constant, there is a greater attraction of the electrons to the nucleus/more energy is required to move an electron

What are the symbols for all the elements with the following outer configuration? A. s1 B. s2 p4 C. s2 d10

A. H B. O C. Zn

How many electrons are in the highest occupied energy level of group 1A?

1

How many electrons are in the highest occupied energy level of Group 3A?

3

How many electrons are in the highest occupied energy level of Group 8A?

8

Give the outermost energy level configurations: A. Be B. P C. K D. Sc

A. 2s2 B. 3s2 3p3 C. 4s1 D. 4s2 3d1

Which of the following is true about ion size? A. Cations are always smaller than the neutral atoms from which they form. B. Anions are always smaller than the neutral atoms from which they form. C. Within a period, a cation with a greater charge has a larger ionic radius. D. Within a group, a cation with a higher atomic number has a smaller ionic radius.

A. Cations are always smaller than the neutral atoms from which they form.

Which element is more electronegative? A. Cl, F B. C, N C. Mg, Ne D. As, Ca

A. F B. N C. Mg D. As

Which of the following elements are found in the p block? A. Groups 1A and 2A and helium B. Groups 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A. 7A, and 8A except for helium C. transition metals D. Inner transition metals

B. Groups 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A. 7A, and 8A except for helium

which of the following are true about electronegativity values? A. The electronegativity values of the transition elements are all zero. B. The element with the highest electronegativity value is sodium. C. Nonmetals have higher electronegativity values than metals. D. Electronegativity values can help predict the types of bonds atoms form.

C. Nonmetals have higher electronegativity values than metals. and D. Electronegativity values can help predict the types of bonds atoms form.

what is another name for transition metals?

Group B

Which of the following groups of atoms have the same outer configurations? A. H, He B. Li, Be, N, Na C. Ca, Cs, Cl D. Bi, P, N, As

D. Bi, P, N, As

What property did Mendeleev use to organize the elements into a periodic table?

Increasing atomic mass

does a cation have a plus sign or minus sign?

Minus sign

Which of the following are representative elements? Na, Mg, Fe, Ni, Cl

Na, Mg, Cl

does an anion have a plus sign or minus sign?

Plus sign

Dimitri Mendeleev

Russion Chemist and Inventor and organized the first periodic table by properties and increasing atomic mass.

halogen

a nonmetal in Group 7A of the periodic table

Classify calcium as a alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, halogen, or noble gas.(use periodic table)

alkali earth metal

Classify potassium as a alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, halogen, or noble gas.(use periodic table)

alkali metal

Classify sodium as a alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, halogen, or noble gas.(use periodic table)

alkali metal

periodic table

an arrangement of elements in which the elements are separated into groups based on a set of repeating properties

noble gas

an element in Group 8A of the periodic table; the s and p sublevels of the highest occupied energy level are filled

representative element

an element in an "A" group in the periodic table; as a group these elements display a wide range of physical and chemical properties. In their atoms, the s and p sublevels in the highest occupied energy level are partially filled

inner transition metal

an element in the lanthanide or actinide series; the highest occupied s sublevel and nearby f sublevel of its atoms generally contain electrons; also called inner transition element

nonmetal

an element that tends to be a poor conductor of heat and electric current; nonmetals generally have properties opposite to those of metals

metalloid

an element that tends to have properties that are similar to those of metals and nonmetals

anion

any atom or group of atoms with a negative charge

cation

any atom or group of atoms with a positive charge

alkali metal

any metal in Group 1A of the periodic table

alkaline earth metals

any metal in Group 2A of the periodic table

Which element has a larger atom? helium or argon

argon

what is the general trend in atomic size within a group? across a period?

atomic size increase within a group as atomic number increases. The atomic size decreases from left to right across a period

Why does ionization energy decrease from top to bottom within a group?

atomic size increases from top to bottom within the group. The nuclear change has a smaller effect on the electrons in the highest occupied energy level and less energy is required to remove an electron

Classify chlorine as a alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, halogen, or noble gas.(use periodic table)

halogen

Classify fluorine as a alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, halogen, or noble gas.(use periodic table)

halogen

Nobelium matches which category? noble gases, representative elements, transition metals, inner transition metals

inner transition metals

metallic elements tend to _________ electrons and form _________ ions.

lose and positive

is a cation a metal or nonmetal

metal

Classify xenon as a alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, halogen, or noble gas.(use periodic table)

noble gas

argon matches which category? noble gases, representative elements, transition metals, inner transition metals

noble gases

Is an Anion a metal or nonmetal

nonmetal

metal

one of a class of elements that are good conductors of heat and electric current; metals tend to be ductile, malleable, and shiny

transition metal

one of the Group B elements in which the highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby d sublevel generally contain electrons

which property is not a general property of metals? Ductile, malleable, poor conductor of heat, or high luster.

poor conductor of heat

Which element has a larger atom? potassium and argon

potassium

Gallium matches which category? noble gases, representative elements, transition metals, inner transition metals

representative elements

vanadium matches which category? noble gases, representative elements, transition metals, inner transition metals

transition metals

true or false? The periodic law states that when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of physical and chemical properties.

true

true or false? metalloids in certain conditions behave as a metal or nonmetal.

true

true or false? the subatomic particles that play a key role in determining the properties of an element are electrons.

true

How are ions formed?

when electrons are transferred between atoms