Chemistry Chapter 7

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If two such ions can be formed that contain different numbers of oxygen atoms, the name for the ion with more oxygen atoms ends with the suffix

-ate

The name for the ion with fewer oxygen atoms ends with

-ite

What is the formula of calcium phosphate, which is made up of the ions Ca^2+ and PO4^3-?

Ca3(PO4)2

Are the metal atoms that are shown cations or anions? How can you tell?

Cations- they are positively charged

Why are the electrons in a metallic solid described as delocalized?

Electrons are free to move from one atom to another.

Larger ions tend to produce a more negative value for lattice energy than smaller ions do.

False

The energy of an ionic compound is higher than that of the separate elements that formed it.

False

The overall charge of a formula unit for a compound is never zero.

False/always

When a metal reacts with a nonmetal, the metal tends to gain electrons.

False/lose

Delocalized valence electrons are typical of ionic compounds.

False/metals

A sulfate ion contains fewer oxygen atoms than a sulfate ion does.

False/more

The more negative the lattice energy is, the stronger is the force of attraction between the ions of an ionic compound.

False/positive

An ionic bond is

a force that holds together atoms that are oppositely charged

Ionic bonds generally occur between

a metal and a nonmetal

Be3(PO4)2

beryllium phosphate

K2S

potassium sulfide

the name for most ionic compounds other than oxides

salts

Where does a subscript that indicated the number of atoms appear, relative to a chemical symbol in a formula?

to the lower right

How many chloride ions are present in a formula unit of magnesium chloride, given that the charge on a Mg ion is 2+?

two

In ionic compounds, the sum of the charges of all the ions equals

zero

(Word that correctly describes each property in ionic compounds) Electrical conductivity in the solid state

poor

KBrO3

potassium bromate

(Is the property a characteristic of most metals? If yes, explain how metallic bonding accounts for the property.) Brittle

No

(Is the property a characteristic of most metals? If yes, explain how metallic bonding accounts for the property.) Low melting point

No

(Is the property a characteristic of most metals? If yes, explain how metallic bonding accounts for the property.) Poor conduction of heat

No

How do the metallic ions differ from the ions that exist in ionic solids?

The electrons are not completely lost by the metal atoms, as they are in an ionic solid.

a charged particle containing more than one atom

polyatomic ion

Explain what holds the atom together in the solid.

They are bonded by oppositely charged electron sea that surrounds them.

In a crystal lattice, each positive ion is surrounded by negative ions.

True

In naming a monatomic anion, the suffix -ide is used.

True

In naming ionic compounds, the cation is first.

True

Ions that have larger charges tend to produce a more negative lattice energy than ions with smaller chargers do.

True

Metals tend to be malleable and ductile and to have relatively high melting points.

True

The crystal lattice of ionic compounds affects their melting and boiling points.

True

The lattice energy is the energy required to separate the ions of an ionic compound.

True

The prefix per- is used in naming the anion with the most oxygen atoms.

True

Which electrons from the metal make up the delocalized electrons?

Valence electrons

(Is the property a characteristic of most metals? If yes, explain how metallic bonding accounts for the property.) Lustrous

Yes, delocalized electrons move, sorb, and release protons

(Is the property a characteristic of most metals? If yes, explain how metallic bonding accounts for the property.) Good conduction of electricity

Yes, the delocalized electrons are mobile

(Is the property a characteristic of most metals? If yes, explain how metallic bonding accounts for the property.) High melting point

Yes, the metallic bonds are strong

(Is the property a characteristic of most metals? If yes, explain how metallic bonding accounts for the property.) Malleable

Yes, when the metal is hammered the delocalized electrons move, keeping the metallic bonds intact

(Is the property a characteristic of most metals? If yes, explain how metallic bonding accounts for the property.) Ductile

Yes, when the metal is pulled, the delocalized electrons move, keeping the metallic bonds intact

a mixture of elements that has metallic properties

alloy

NH4Br

ammonium bromide

(NH4)2CO3

ammonium carbonate

a negatively charged ion

anion

Ions made up of more than one atom are called

polyatomic ions

(Word that correctly describes each property in ionic compounds) Brittleness

brittle

CaCl2

calcium chloride

Ca3N2

calcium nitride

Which of the following is an example of an interstitial alloy?

carbon steel

a positively charged ion

cation

In the chemical formula for any ionic compound, the chemical symbol for the ___ is written first, followed by the chemical symbol for the ___.

cation, anion

Cs3P

cesium phosphide

the force that holds two atoms together

chemical bond

CIO3-

chlorate

Cl-

chloride

CIO2-

chlorite

A three dimensional arrangement of particles in an ionic solid is called a

crystal lattice

electrons that are free to move in metals

delocalized electrons

an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts electricity

electrolyte

What is the name of the model of metallic bonding that is illustrated?

electron sea model

represents the way electrons exist in metals

electron sea model

shows the simplest ratio of ions in an ionic compound

formula unit

(Word that correctly describes each property in ionic compounds) Electrical conductivity in the liquid state

good

(Word that correctly describes each property in ionic compounds) Electrical conductivity when dissolved in water

good

(Word that correctly describes each property in ionic compounds) Hardness

hard

(Word that correctly describes each property in ionic compounds) Boiling point

high

(Word that correctly describes each property in ionic compounds) Melting point

high

CIO-

hyperchlorite

The anion that has the formula CIO- is called the

hypochlorite ion

the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together

ionic bond

Salts are examples of

ionic compounds

In a crystal lattice of an ionic compound

ions are surrounded by ions of the opposite charge

Fe2O3

iron (III) oxide

The overall charge of a formula unit for an ionic compound

is always zero

the energy needed to separate the ions of an ionic compound

lattice energy

LiHSO4

lithium hydrosulfate

Li2O2

lithium peroxide

Such numbers are written to the ___ of the symbol for the element

lower right

Mg(CIO)2

magnesium hypochlorite

MgO

magnesium oxide

The formation of a stable ionic compound from ions

may be either exothermic or endothermic

the attraction of a metallic cation for delocalized electrons

metallic bond

A one atom ion is called a

monatomic ion

a charged particle containing only one atom

monatomic ion

What is the electron configuration for the noble gases other than helium?

na^2np^6

If no number appears, the assumption is that the number equals

one

for a monatomic ion, is equal to the charge

oxidation number

The charge of such an ion is equal to the atom's ___, which is the number of ___ transferred to or from the atom to form the ion

oxidation number, electrons

If such an ion is negatively charged and includes one or more oxygen atoms, it is called an

oxyanion

a polyatomic ion composed of an element bonded to at least one oxygen atom

oxyanion

CIO4-

perchlorate

NaBrO3

sodium bromate

NaI

sodium iodide

A ___ is a small number used to represent the number of ions of a given element in a chemical formula

subscript

How many outermost d electrons are there in an ion that has achieved a pseudo-noble gas configuration?

ten

What is the relationship between lattice energy and the strength of the attractive force holding ions in place?

the more negative the lattice energy is, the greater the force

In electron transfer involving a metallic atom and a nonmetallic atom during ion formation, which of the following is correct?

the nonmetallic atom gains electrons from the metallic atom

The formula unit of an ionic compound shows

the simplest ratio of the ions


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