Chemistry Final
If you have 36 grams of hydrogen how many grams of water are produced
...
What is the volume of 2.0 g of CS2 vapor (molar mass 76.15 g/mol) at 70.°C and 726 mm Hg?
.77L
At 120 degrees celsius, the pressure of a sample of nitrogen is 1.07 atm. What will the pressure be at 205 degrees celsius assuming constant volume?
1.30 atm
A balloon filled with helium gas has a volume of 500 mL at a pressure of 1 atm. The balloon is released and reaches an altitude of 6.5 kn, where the pressure is 0.5 atm. If the temperature has remained the same, what volume does the gas occupy at this height?
1000 mL He
A sample of hydrogen effuses through a porous container about 9 times faster than an unknown gas. Estimate the molar mass of the unknown gas.
160 g/mol
What are all the mole ratios for the following equation: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
2 hydrogen:1 oxygen; 1 oxygen:2 water; 2 water: 2 hydrogen
What pressure in atmospheres, is exerted by 0.325 mol of hydrogen gas in a 4.08 L container at 35 degrees celsius?
2.01 atm
What is the density at STP of NO2 gas (molar mass 46.01 g/mol) in grams per liter?
2.05 g/L
How many times greater is the rate of effusion of fluorine gas, F2 (molar mass 38.00 g/mol), than that of bromine gas, Br2 (molar mass 159.80 g/mol), at the same temperature and pressure?
2.051
If you have 45 grams of oxygen how many moles of water are produced
2.8 moles H2O
Convert the following: 475 K to C
201.85 C
Convert the following: -252 C to kelvin
21.15 K
The volume of a gas is 120. L at 0.500 atm and 15.0°C. What volume will it occupy at 0.250 atm and 10.0°C?
236 L
For each of the following reactions, write the missing product(s) and then balance the resulting equation. Identify each reaction by type. C7H14 + O2 → ____
2C7H14 + 2IO2 → 14CO2 + 14H2O, combustion reaction
Balance the following equation H2 + O2 → H2O
2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
For each of the following reactions, identify the missing reactant(s) or product(s) and then balance the resulting equation. Note that each empty slot may require one or more substances. double displacement: HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 → ___
2HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 → Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O
For each of the following reactions, identify the missing reactant(s) or product(s) and then balance the resulting equation. Note that each empty slot may require one or more substances. synthesis: ___ → Li2O
2Li + O2 → Li2O
For each of the following reactions, write the missing product(s) and then balance the resulting equation. Identify each reaction by type. NaClO3 → ___
2NaClO3 → 2NaCl + 3O2, decomposition reaction
A gas sample occupies 8.77 L at 20 degrees celsius. What is the pressure, in atmospheres, given that there are 1.45 mol of gas in the sample?
3.98 atm
At 700.0 mL gas sample at STP is compressed to a volume of 200.0 mL, and the temperature is increased to 30.0 degrees celsius. What is the new pressure of the gas in Pa?
394 kPa
If you have 4 mole of hydrogen how many moles of water are produced
4 mol H2O
If you have 89 grams of water produced how many moles of each reactant is needed
4.9 mol H2 and 2.5 mol O2
The pressure of a 70.0 L sample of gas is 600. mm Hg at 20.0°C. If the temperature drops to 15.0°C and the volume expands to 90.0 L, what will the pressure of the gas be?
459 mmHg
Write chemical equations for each of the following sentences: Aluminum reacts with oxygen to produce aluminum oxide.
4Al(aq) + 3O2(g) → 2Al2O3(aq)
Carbon tetrachloride is used as an intermediate chemical in the manufacture of other chemicals. It is prepared in liquid form by reacting chlorine gas with methane gas. Hydrogen chloride gas is also formed in this reaction. Write the balanced chemical equation for the production of carbon tetrachloride.
4Cl2(g) + CH4(g) → CCl4 + 4HCl(g)
Standard pressure is the atmospheric pressure balanced by a column of mercury with a height of exactly _____
760 mm
A sample of nitrogen gas is contained in a piston with a freely moving cylinder. At 0.0 degrees C, the volume of the gas is 375 mL. To what temperature must the gas be heated to occupy a volume of 500.0 mL?
91 degrees C
Phase Diagram
A graph of the relationship between the physical state of a substance and the temperature and pressure of the substance
fluid
A nonsolid state of matter in which the atoms or molecules are free to move past each other, as in a gas or liquid.
Double-Displacement Reaction
A reaction in which a gas, a solid precipitate or molecular compound forms from the apparent exchange of atoms or ions between two compounds.
Decomposition Reaction
A reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances.
Simple-Displacement Reaction
A reaction in which one element or radical takes the place of another element or radical in a compound.
Synthesis Reaction
A reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound.
Coefficient
A small whole number that appears as a factor in front of a formula in a chemical equation
Word Equation
An equation in which the reactants and products in a chemical reaction are represented by words
barometer
An instrument that measures atmospheric pressure
Which of the following is true regarding the law of conservation of mass? a.) It dictates that the number of molecules on each side of a chemical equation must be the same. b.) It dictates that the number of atoms of each element must be the same on both sides of a chemical equation. c.) It states that the mass of the reactants must remain constant in order for a chemical reaction to proceed. d.) It does not apply to chemical reactions.
B
How are a word equation and a formula equation alike? How do they differ from a chemical equation?
Both represent facts of a chemical reaction. They differ in that they don't show quantities.
For each of the following reactions, write the missing product(s) and then balance the resulting equation. Identify each reaction by type. Br2 + KI → ____
Br2 + 2KI → 2KBr + I2, single displacement reaction
For each of the following reactions, identify the missing reactant(s) or product(s) and then balance the resulting equation. Note that each empty slot may require one or more substances. combustion: C5H12 + O2 → ____
C5H12 + 8O2 → 5CO2 + 6H2O
Compare the rate of effusion of carbon dioxide with that of hydrogen chloride at the same temperature and pressure.
CO2 will effuse about 0.9 times as fast as HCI
For each of the following reactions, write the missing product(s) and then balance the resulting equation. Identify each reaction by type. CuCl2 + Na2S → ____
CuCl2 + Na2S → 2NaCl + CuS, double displacement reaction
Write chemical equations for each of the following sentences:Iron (III) oxide reacts with carbon monoxide to produce iron and carbon dioxide.
Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) → 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)
Identify and correct each error in the following equations, and then balance each equation. H2 + Cl2 → H2Cl2
H2Cl2 is an incorrect formula; H2 + Cl2 → 2HCl
Identify and correct each error in the following equations, and then balance each equation. NaI + Cl2 → NaCl + I
Iodine is a diatomic element; 2NaI + Cl2 → 2NaCl + I2
Identify and correct each error in the following equations, and then balance each equation. Li + O2 → LiO2
LiO2 is an incorrect formula; 4Li + O2 → 2Li2O
For each of the following reactions, identify the missing reactant(s) or product(s) and then balance the resulting equation. Note that each empty slot may require one or more substances.decomposition: Mg(ClO3)2 → ____
Mg(ClO3)2 → MgCl2 + 3O2
Identify and correct each error in the following equations, and then balance each equation. MgCO3 → MgO2 + CO2
MgO2 is an incorrect formula, and the equation as written is not balanced; MgCO3 → MgO + CO2
Write chemical equations for each of the following sentences:Phosphoric acid, H3PO4 is produced through the reaction between tetraphosphorus decoxide and water.
P4O10(s) + 6H2O(l) → 2H3PO4(aq)
Theoretical Yield
The maximum amount of product that can be produced from a given amount of reactant.
Combustion Reaction
The oxidation reaction of an organic compound, in which energy as heat is released.
Electrolysis
The process in which an electric current is used to produce a chemical reaction, such as the decomposition of water.
Limiting Reactant
The substance that controls the quantity of product that can form in a chemical reaction.
Excess Reactant
The substance that is not used up completely in a reaction.
A liquid can be described as a form of matter that a. has a definite volume b. has a definite shape c. cannot diffuse d. has low density
a
Surface tension does not account for which of the following phenomena?
a
Water forms roughly spherical drops because of a. viscosity b. capillary action c. surface tension d. fluidity
a
Reversible Reaction
a chemical reaction in which the products reform the original reactants
Mole Ratio
a conversion factor that relates the amounts in moles of any two substances involved in a chemical reaction.
amorphous solid
a solid in which the particles are not arranged with periodicity or order
crystalline solid
a solid that consists of crystals
millimeters of mercury
a unit of pressure
The black oxide of iron, Fe3O4, occurs in nature as the mineral magnetite. This substance can also be made in the laboratory by the reaction between red-hot iron and steam according to the following equation: 3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) → Fe3O4(s) + 4 H2(g). a. When 36.0g H2O are mixed with 67.0g Fe, which is the limiting reactant? b. What mass in grams of black iron oxide is produced? c. What mass in grams of excess reactant remains when the reaction is completed?
a. Fe b. 92.6g Fe3O4 c. 7.2g H2O remaining
Carbon disulfide burns in oxygen to yield carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide according to the following chemical equation: CS2(l) + 3O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2SO2(g) a. If 1.00 mol CS2 reacts with 1.00 mol O2, identify the limiting reactant. b. How many moles of excess reactant remain? c. How many moles of each product are formed?
a. O2 is the limiting reactant b. 0.67 mol c. CO2 = 0.33 mol; SO2 = 0.66 mol
Dry ice sublimes into carbon dioxide gas. If the proper conditions are maintained and the system is closed, the dry ice and the carbon dioxide gas will eventually a. become the same phase b. reach equilibrium c. stop changing phase d. both (a) and (b)
b
The process of changing from a solid to a gas is known as a. condensation b. sublimation c. deposition d. vaporization
b
To use the ideal gas law to determine the molar mass of a gas, you a. must determine the mass of a molar volume of that gas. b. may use the mass of any known volume of the gas. c. may not use a volume of less than 22.4 L. d. must make the volume measurement at STP
b
Which condition is necessary for most gases to behave nearly ideally? a. high pressure b. high temperature c. low compressibility d. low expansion
b
Which of the following is not a physical property of gases? a. absence of definite volume b. large density c. high compressibility d. fluidity
b
Which of the following liquids is most volatile? a. water b. ether c. molten salt d. skim milk
b
Which gas deviates the most from ideal behavior? a. CH4 b. H2O c. Cl2 d. He
b (due to hydrogen bonding polarity of H2O molecule)
Assume you have a substance that plots right on the liquid-vapor equilibrium line on its phase diagram. If you raise the temperature slightly and keep the same pressure, the substance will now be a. a solid b. a liquid c. a gas d. on a different equilibrium line
c
A(n) ____________ uses symbols and formulas to represent the names and relative amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
chemical equation
Classify each of the following reactions as a synthesis, decomposition, or single-displacement, double-displacement, or combustion reaction: 2C8H14(l) + 19O2(g) → 12CO2(g) + 14H2O(l)
combustion
The law of ________ must be satisfied for a chemical equation to be balanced.
conservation of mass
What is the total number of molecules represented by the following equation? 2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g) --> 8CO2(g) + 10H2O(g) a.) 4 b.) 15 c.) 18 d.) 33
d
Which an example of a nanocrystalline solid? a. emerald b. quartz c. ice d. glass
d
Classify each of the following reactions as a synthesis, decomposition, or single-displacement, double-displacement, or combustion reaction:2NaNO3(s) → 2NaNO2(s) + O2(g)
decomposition reaction
The three states of matter of a particular substance, in order of the strength of intermolecular forces from least to greatest, are
gas, liquid solid
Oxides of active metals, such as CaO, react with water to form ____________________.
hydroxides
phase
in chemistry, one of the four states or conditions in which a substance can exist: solid, liquid, gas, or plasma; a part of matter that is uniform
The SI unit of force is the _______
newton
Classify each of the following reactions as a synthesis, decomposition, or single-displacement, double-displacement, or combustion reaction:2Li(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2LiOH(aq) + H2(g)
single-displacement
Classify each of the following reactions as a synthesis, decomposition, or single-displacement, double-displacement, or combustion reaction: N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
synthesis
newton
the SI unit of force
pascal
the SI unit of pressure
crystal structure
the arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a regular way to form a crystal
Gay-Lussac's Law of Combining Volumes of Gases
the law that states that the volumes of gases involved in a chemical change can be represented by the ratio of small whole numbers
Actual Yield
the measured amount of a product of a reaction.
Atmosphere of Pressure
the pressure of Earth's atmosphere at sea level; exactly equivalent to 760 mm Hg
Partial Pressure
the pressure of each gas in a mixture
melting point
the temperature and pressure at which a solid becomes a liquid
freezing point
the temperature at which a solid and liquid are in equilibrium at 1 atm pressure; the temperature at which a liquid substance freezes
Absolute Zero
the temperature at which molecular energy is at a minimum
Based on the activity series, predict whether each of the following possible reactions will occur: Ni(s) + H2O(l) → _____
yes
Based on the activity series, predict whether each of the following possible reactions will occur: Au(s) + HCl(aq) → _____
yes
Based on the activity series, predict whether each of the following possible reactions will occur: Br2(l) + KI(aq) → ____
yes
Based on the activity series, predict whether each of the following possible reactions will occur: Cd(s) + HCl(aq) → ____
yes
Based on the activity series, predict whether each of the following possible reactions will occur: Mg(s) + Co(NO3)2(aq) → ____
yes