chemistry module 2 smart book (early ideas about matter) and (defining the atom)

Aristotle did not believe that __________ _____________ could exist

empty space

matter is made of earth, air, fire, and water -WHO

Aristotle

What name is given to John Dalton's ideas about matter, which resulted from many careful measurements and observations?

Dalton's atomic theory

True or false: Democritus's ideas were rejected, in part, because the experiments he performed refuted his claims.

False

It was not until nearly 1900 that scientists began to be able to answer questions about the composition of the

atom

Radiation that originates from the cathode and travels to the anode of a cathode-ray tube is called a

cathode ray

Which is radiation that originates from the cathode and travels to the anode of a cathode-ray tube

cathode ray

When did scientists begin to be able to answer questions about the composition of the atom

late 1800's

J.J. Thomson's cathode-ray tube experiments in the late 1890s were designed to determine the ratio of an electron's _______________ to its _______________

mass, charge

Dalton's atomic theory explains the law of conservation of mass because, according to the theory, ___________

the number of atoms of each type is the same before and after a reaction

cathode-ray tube

what is this

1) In a chemical reaction, atoms are separated, combined, or rearranged 2) Atoms are indivisible and indestructible 3) Atoms of a specific element are different from those of another element

part of Dalton's atomic theory?

...

...

Which statements about the ideas of Democritus, Aristotle, and Dalton are true? (3)

1) Aristotle did not accept Democritus's ideas because he did not believe that empty space could exist 2) Both Dalton and Democritus proposed that matter is composed of extremely small particles 3) Aristotle believed that matter was made up of earth, air, fire, and water

Democritus's ideas were not accepted at the time he proposed them (or for thousands of years afterward) because (3)

1) Science as we know it did not exist 2) Aristotle, one of the most influential Greek Philosophers, did not support them 3) he was unable to back up his ideas with evidence from controlled experiments

Several thousand years ago, people sought after the truth about the nature of matter by __________(2)

1) formulating explanations based on life experiences 2) thinking intellectually

Democritus proposed (3)

1) matter was not infinitely divisible 2)matter was made up of tiny particles called atomos (atoms) 3) the atoms that made up matter could not be created, destroyed, or further divided

Democritus proposed that (3)

1) the atoms that made up matter could not be destroyed, or further divided 2) matter was not infinitely divisible 3) matter was made up of tiny particles called atomos (atoms)

Many early philosophers concluded that matter (2)

1) was composed of earth, water, air, and fire 2) Could be endlessly divided into smaller and smaller pieces

A cathode-ray tube (3)

1. depends on the use of a vacuum pump for its function 2. was used to study the relationship between mass and charge 3. has metal electrodes connected to opposite ends

Different atoms combine in simple whole-number ratios to form compounds -WHO

Dalton

Matter is made up of tiny particles that are indestructible and indivisible - WHO (2)

Dalton and Democrtius

John Dalton's ideas about matter, which arose from his many experiments in which he studied the mass ratios of elements involved in chemical reactions, are collectively known as ______________ ____________ ____________ (3)

Dalton's atomic theory

The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of the element is called a

atom

What is the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of the element?

atom

According to Dalton's atomic theory

atoms are separate, combined, or rearranged in a chemical reaction

Through his oil-drop experiments, Millikan was able to determine the ____________ and ___________ of an electron

charge, mass

Democritus proposed that matter was made up of atoms, which could not be __________ , ____________, or further destroyed

created destroyed

Dalton's atomic theory supports the law of conservation of mass because in his theory, atoms are not created, _____________ , or divided in a chemical reaction. Therefore, the total ______________ before and after the reaction does not change

destroyed mass

several thousand years ago, science as we know it today_____________

did not exist

Thomson's cathode ray-tube experiments led to the discovery of which subatomic particle

electron

A negatively charged, fast-moving particle with an extremely small mass that is found in all forms of matter and moves through the empty space surrounding an atom's nucleus is called a

electrons

Aristotle believed that

matter was made up of earth, fire, air, and water