Chemistry- Polyatomic Ions & Molecular compounds

Binary molecular compound of 2 nonmetals (Type III)-

1) Name 1st element in formula first -Use the full name of the element 2) Name the 2nd element in the formula w/ an -ide -as if it were an anion, however, remember these compounds do not contain ions! 3) Use a prefix in front of each name to indicate the # of atoms *Never use the prefix mono- on the 1st element

Example- Ionic compounds: Iron (III) Phosphate

1) Write the symbol for the cation & its charge (Fe+3) 2) Write the symbol for the anion & its charge (PO43-) 3) Charge (wo sign) becomes subscript for other ion *Fe+3PO43- --> Fe3(PO4)3 4) Reduce subscripts to smallest whole # ratio (Fe PO4) 5) Check that the total charge of the cations cancels the total charge of the anions *Fe=(1)*(+3)=+3; PO4= (1)*(-3)=-3

Subscript- Prefixes

1= mono- 2= di- 3= tri- 4= tetra- 5= penta- 6= hexa- 7= hepta- 8= octa- 9= nona- 10= deca- *drop last "a" if name begins with a vowel

What is the phospholipid bilayer?

A universal component of all cell membranes. Its role is critical because its structural components provide the barrier that marks the boundaries of a cell. The structure is called a "lipid bilayer" because it is composed of 2 layers of fat cells organized in 2 sheets

What is the symbol of the polyatomic ion called sulfate?

CaSO4 --> Compound called calcium sulfate Implied "1" subscript on calcium; no parentheses for one SO4

What are the 6 strong acids?

HBr- Hydrobromic Acid HCl- Hydrochloric Acid Hl- Hydroiodic Acid H2SO4- Sulfuric Acid HNO3-Nitric Acid HClO4- Perchloric Acid *Notice all the ic endings on the first word & that they all end in acid

What is phosphate?

It is very important to our bodies & it is apart of our DNA, ATP or energy, & the phospholipid bilayer of our cells

What is the symbol of the polyatomic ion called nitrate?

Mg(NO3)2 --> Compound called magnesium nitrate Implied "1" subscript on magnesium; parentheses to group two NO3's

Other common polyatomic ions

Name & Formula- Acetate: C2H3O2- Carbonate: CO32- Hydrogen Carbonate: HCO3- Hydroxide: OH- Nitrate: NO3- Nitrite: NO2- Chromate: CrO42- Dichromate: Cro72 Ammonium: NH4+ Hyprocholrite: C10- Chlorite: C102- Chlorate: C103- Perchlorate: C104- Sulfate: So42- Sulfite: So32- Hydroaensulfate (bisulfate): HSO4- Hydrogensulfate (bisulfite): HSO3-

Naming ionic compounds

Name cation first and then anion

What should you know about suffixes?

Notice that most of these compounds end in -ate; some end in -ite. The -ate's have more oxygen than the -ite versions *Nitrate- NO3- *Nitrite- NO2-

What are polyatomic ions?

Single ions that contain more than one atom

What are molecular compounds?

They are made of 2 nonmetals & share electrons unlike ionic compounds that transfer electrons *Share pairs of electrons to attain actets

Type 1,2,&3

Type 1- Know the charge (+1,+2,+3) group on the periodic table Type 2- Transition metals & ones not in groups 1,2,3; Use roman numerals Type 3- Molecular compounds (no metal) use prefixes *mono- do not use on the first word