CHEN 307 Quiz 2 Notes

Process, Chemicals, Equipment

Potential process hazards:

Inherent, Passive, Procedural, Active

Risk Management Strategies:

Probability, Consequence

Risk is a function of two things:

manufacturer or supplier

SDSs are usually written by the __________ of the product.

hazards, safety precautions

Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) are summary documents that provide information about the __________ of a product and advice about __________.

Safe Work Observations, Safety Contacts, SCAN cards

Safety Performance Improvement Tools - __________ - Inspections - Permit Audits - __________ - What IF/Emergency Drills - __________ - Job Task Observations - Safety Committees or Teams - Employee participation

condition of being protected

Safety: the __________ from or unlikely to cause danger, risk or injury.

control of recognized hazards

Safety: the __________ to achieve an acceptable level of risk.

(S) survey, (C) consider, (A) analyze, (N) notify

Scan Cards: - __________ the area for potential hazards - __________ how your actions create a potential hazard for yourself or others - __________ "What could go wrong?" - __________ supervisor if unable to mitigate or eliminate the hazards

occupational and process safety characteristics

Some incidents have both __________.

Process safety management

a management system that focuses on the prevention of, preparedness for, mitigation of, response to, or restoration from catastrophic releases of chemicals or energy from a process associated with a facility.

Risk

a measure of human injury, environmental damage, or economic loss in terms of both the incident likelihood and the magnitude of the loss or injury.

Likelihood

a measure of the expected probability or frequency of occurrence of an event; for chemical plants the frequency is most commonly used.

Active

alarms, relief devices, flares, purge systems, controls.

Hazard

an inherent chemical or physical characteristic that has the potential for causing damage to people, property or the environment.

PROCESS SAFETY, HAZARDS AND RISK, RISK, EXPERIENCE

4 pillars of risk-based strategies: - COMMIT TO __________ - UNDERSTAND __________ - MANAGE __________ - LEARN FROM __________

large process safety incident

A __________ can impact the community outside your plant.

safety culture and operational discipine

Because common elements such as __________ affect both process safety and occupational safety performance, you should be concerned about how well your process safety program is performing if your injury rate starts to increase.

First aid incidents, Property damage, injruies

Examples of Safety Performance Measures [Lagging Indicators: (Based on accidents that occurred)] - __________ - Loss of primary containment (LOPC) incidents - __________ - __________ - Incident Rate

Response time, overdue training, operating procedures, Work order backlog

Examples of Safety Performance Measures: (Leading Indicators) - __________ for process safety suggestions - Number of workers with __________ - Number of __________ updated each year - __________

hard hat, gloves, goggles, face shield

Examples of personal protective equipment: - __________ - Safety glasses - Ear plugs - __________ - Chemical splash __________ - Steel-toed safety shoes - Acid boots - __________ - Chemical apron - Respirators - Encapsulated Air Suit

procedures, proper PPE, equipment

Examples of unsafe acts: - Not following __________ - Not wearing __________ - Inappropriate use of __________

Housekeeping, lighting, equipment, training

Examples of unsafe conditions: - Poor __________ - Slippery floors - Inadequate __________ - Faulty __________ - Uneven surfaces - Lack of __________ - Workplace congestion

Evaluate consequences, Evaluate risk

How to estimate risk?

identities and hazards

In order to ensure chemical safety in the workplace, information about the __________ of the chemicals must be available and understandable to workers.

present, operation

It is not possible to list all hazards; some are always __________ and others can occur due to __________.

Health, Fire, Reactivity, Specific

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA):

evaluate the hazards, labels and safety data sheets

OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) requires the development and dissemination of such information: - Chemical manufacturers and importers are required to __________ they produce or import, and prepare labels and safety data sheets to convey the hazard information to their downstream customers; - All employers with hazardous chemicals in their workplaces must have __________ for their exposed workers, and train them to handle the chemicals appropriately.

1 individual worker

Personal or occupational safety hazards, such as slips, falls, cuts, and vehicle accidents usually affect __________.

Equipment, Human

Potential Failure Modes:

high consequence, low frequency events (such as fires, explosions and accidental releases of hazardous materials)

Process Safety addresses the control and prevention of __________.

catastrophic effects, multiple injuries and fatalities

Process safety incidents can have __________ and can result in __________, as well as substantial economic, property, and environmental damage.

Process Hazards (Process, Chemicals, Equipment), Failure Modes (Equipment, Human), Risk (Evaluate Consequences, Evaluate Risk), Risk Tolerable, risk control, risk reduction measure(s)

The Steps of Risk Analysis: 1) Identify __________ 2) Identify __________ 3) Estimate __________ 4) Is __________; if yes, maintain __________; if no, propose __________

What is the Risk, How do we control and manage this risk

The Steps of Risk Management:

What can go wrong? (injury, environmental damage, economic loss); How bad can it be? (magnitude of damage, loss or injury); How often can it happen? (likelihood of damage, loss or injury)

The questions of Risk Management:

Lagging metrics, Leading metrics

Types of safety performance measures:

minimize, substitute, moderate, simplify

Types of the inherent risk management strategy:

88%

Unsafe Acts result in __________ of all accidents.

specific hazards

While there is much in common, such as a good safety culture and attitude, good process safety performance requires a thorough understanding of the __________ associated with the chemicals being handled or stored, and the process operations being carried out in a particular plant.

Traditional injury rate statistics

__________ do not effectively measure how well your process safety management system is performing.

Lagging metrics

data collected after an incident has occurred.

Leading metrics

data collected before an incident has occurred.

Passive

design features that reduce frequency or consequence.

Occupational safety

focuses on accident prevention through work systems aimed at minimizing risk of personal injury.

Process safety

focuses on prevention and mitigation of fires, explosions, hazardous material releases, and other potentially large incidents associated with the chemistry and physics of the manufacturing process.

Process safety incidents

have the potential to be very large and affect many people, as well as the environment and property.

Unsafe conditions

hazards that have the potential to cause injury.

Unsafe acts

intentional or unintentional violation of safe work practices, procedures or methods

Process safety hazards

may cause major accidents involving the release of potentially dangerous materials, fires and explosions or both.

Procedural

operating procedures, safe work practices, training.

Voluntary Risk

risk that is consciously tolerated by someone seeking to obtain the benefits of the activity that poses the risk.

Involuntary Risk

risk that is imposed on someone who does not directly benefit from the activity that poses the risk.,

Safety performance measures:

used to measure the effectiveness of a safety program.