Child Dev Final ( ch. 8 review )

binge drinking is defined as consuming ___ or more drinks in a row.

5

What did Vygotsky refer to as the difference between skills or tasks that adolescents can accomplish alone and those they are capable of doing if guided by an adult or a more competent peer?

Zone of proximal development

what area of the brain is associated with planning, problem-solving, & moral reasoning?

frontal lobes

Ova, or females eggs, and male sperm are considered

primary sexual charcteristics

Your little sister, who is 13, has a bust that is visibly increasing. What type of sex characteristic describes this change

secondary sex characteristics

which adolescents are more likely than others to exhibit formal operation thought

adolescents who have has coursework in math and science

in every western country for which record s, there has been a downward trend in the age or menarche this trend is known as the ___.

secular trend

you are in class listening to the instructor, but the student on both sides of you are having a separate quiet conversation. even though these conversations are distracting, you are able to main your focus and attention on the lecture. what skill are you utilizing?

selective hearing

what is the male's first ejaculation referred to as

spermarche

in regards to the timing of the onset of puberty, which of the following is more at risk for a depressed mood, negative body image, eating disorders, substance use, delinquency, aggressive behavior, and school problems.

A girl who experiences early-onset puberty

Which of the following best describes the classification of addictive substance use.

A person has become dependent on regular use of the substance to feel good physically or psychologically.

Your neighbor is concern that her teenage daughter has an eating disorder. you are not so sure since her daughter is of normal weigh. if her daughter does have an eating disorder, what is the most likely possibility?

Bulimia nervosa

Alfredo is high school student whose circle of friends includes about 6 other people. They all know each other well and spend most of their time together, from sharing lunch in the cafeteria every day to hang out on the basketball courts after school and on weekends. What type of group is this?

Clique

You are studying the summary for chapter 8 of your developmental textbook while you are listening to music. What skill are you utilizing?

Divided attention

Your sister is frustrated that she is arguing with her 15-year old daughter quite a bit about what feels like everything. Your sister feels that her relationship with her daughter is deteriorating and abnormal. Based on your knowledge of development, what advice do you give your sister?

Do not worry, conflict between mothers and daughters is typical during this time.

When adolescents first enter formal operations, they may have difficulty distinguishing their thinking about their own thoughts from their thinking about the thoughts of others. Piaget would have argues that this results in a distinctive kind of adolescent __________.

Egocentrism

________ are ways of organizing information into coherent patterns that enhance memory stage.

Mnemonic device

Which of the following best describes Kohlberg's post-conventional level of moral reasoning?

Moral Reasoning is based in the individual's own independent judgements rather than on what others view as wrong or right,

Why does self-esteem rise in late adolescence and emerging adulthood?

Peers' evaluations become less important

Even though state law requires all drivers of motorcycles and ATVs wear helmets, Roberto refuses to wear one. Arguing with his father, Roberto makes the claim that he is a skilled driver and the reason why there are so many motorcycle accidents is because other drivers lack skills and don't pay attention. Roberto is confident he will never get into a motorcycle accident and will not wear a helmet while riding. Which of the following best describes Roberto's cognitive limitation.

Personal fable

Which of the following forms of work, for adolescents, is a pervasive and growing problem in some developing nations, especially in Asia.

Prostitution

A bar or bat mitzvah, the Catholic ritual or confirmation, and the quinceanera of Latin America are an example of ____.

Puberty rituals

The actual self as defined by scholars is an adolescent's ____________.

Self-conception

Perhaps the most notable change in family relationships that occurs from middle childhood to adolescence in American society is _________.

The decline in the amount of time spent with family members

What makes adolescents much more self-conscious than they were in childhood?

The imaginary audience

To Kohlberg, whether the participants concluded that the actions of the persons in the dilemma _________ was crucial for understanding the level of people's moral development.

Were not just "right" or "wrong" but how they explained their answers

pubertal changes begin when a threshold of _______.

body fat is reached

According to research conducted by Bickham and colleagues (2015), high levels of internet and mobile phone usage are linked to higher rates of _________ among adolescents.

depression

With regard to pubertal development for females, who is the most important estrogen?

estradiol

first menstruation period is called ___.

menarche

which of the following are the two largest criticism or Piaget's theory of formal operation?

there are the individual difference and cultural variations

on average, when do girls begin puberty compared to boys?

two years earlier than boys