Child Health Final Exam Practice Questions
What factor should the nurse use to determine proper pediatric care techniques? a. The child's age b. The parent's desires c. The child's developmental stage d. The child's weight
C
What is the priority intervention in a neonate with exstrophy of the bladder? A. Prone positioning B. Catheterize to empty the bladder C. Cover the bladder with wet dressing & plastic wrap D. Prepare for intubation prior to surgery
C
When assessing development in a 9-month-old infant, the nurse would expect to observe the infant: a. speaking in 2-word sentences. b. grasping objects with palmar grasp. c. creeping along the floor. d. beginning to use a spoon rather sloppily.
C
Where should the nurse give a 6-month-old an IM injection? a. Deltoid b. Ventrogluteal c. Vastus lateralis d. Rectus femoris
C
What describes a toddler's cognitive development at age 20 months? a. Searches for an object only if he or she sees it being hidden b. Realizes that "out of sight" is not out of reach c. Puts objects into a container but cannot take them out d. Understands the passage of time such as "just a minute" and "in an hour"
B
What is SIDS? A. A type of candy you give a child B. The death of a child under the age of one with no real cause C. The death of a adult under the age of one with no real cause D. A type of baby monitor
B
When administering a liquid medication to an uncooperative toddler, the nurse should implement which strategy? A. Restrain the child in a high chair. B. Allow the parents to remain in the room. C. Restrain the child in a papoose-type device. D. Remove the child to another room away from the parents.
B
Which of the following is NOT the proper method of assessing pediatric pulse? a. Count for a full 60 seconds b. Take radially unless noted c. Allow parent to hold the child d. Compare to child's previous baseline
B
A nurse is teaching the parent of an infant who has down syndrome. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I should expect him to have frequent diarrhea." B. "I should place a cool mist humidifier in his room" C. "I should avoid the use of lotion on his skin." D. "I should expect him to grow faster in length than other infants."
B
A maternity nurse is providing instruction to a new mother regarding the psychosocial development of the newborn infant. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory, the nurse would instruct the mother to A. Allow the newborn infant to signal a need B. Anticipate all of the needs of the newborn infant C. Avoid the newborn infant during the first 10 minutes of crying D. Attend to the newborn infant immediately when crying
A
A toddler is hospitalized with severe dehydration. The nurse should assess the child for which possible complication? A. Hypertension B. Hypokalemia C. A rapid, bounding pulse D. Decreased specific gravity
B
A nurse is caring for a client who has a major burn and is experiencing severe pain. Which of the following actions should the nurse implement to manage this client's pain? A. Administer morphine sulfate IV via continuous infusion B. Administer Meperidine IM PRN C. Administer Acetaminophen PO q4h D. Administer hydrocodone PO q6h
A
A young child is brought to the emergency department with severe dehydration secondary to acute diarrhea and vomiting. Therapeutic management of this child will begin with: a. Intravenous fluids. b. Oral rehydration solution (ORS). c. Clear liquids, 1 to 2 ounces at a time. d. Administration of antidiarrheal medication.
A
At 1 year of age, which vaccines could a child have received? a. MMR b. IPV c. FLU shot d. HIB
A
Cardiac defect care is aimed at minimizing which two complications? A. Hypoxemia and congestive heart failure B. Arrhythmias and hypoxia C. Hypoxemia and arrhythmias D. congestive heart failure and arrhythmias
A
Exposure to which illness should be a cause to discontinue therapy and substitute dipyridamole (Persantine) in a child receiving aspirin therapy for Kawasaki disease (KD)? A. Chickenpox or influenza. B. E. coli or staphylococcus. C. Mumps or streptococcus A. D. Streptococcus A or staphylococcus.
A
How is a UTI diagnosed? A. Urine dipstick B. Blood cultures C. CMP D. CBC
A
Hypospadias is diagnosed by identification of: A. Ventral urethral opening B. Curvature of the penis C. Blood tinged urine D. Dorsal urethral opening
A
In terms of fine motor development, the infant of 7 months should be able to: a. Transfer objects from one hand to the other. b. Use thumb and index finger in crude pincer grasp. c. Hold crayon and make a mark on paper. d. Release cubes into a cup.
A
In terms of gross motor development, what would the nurse expect a 5-month-old infant to do? a. Roll from abdomen to back. b. Roll from back to abdomen. c. Sit erect without support. d. Move from prone to sitting position.
A
Nursing care directed toward nonsurgical management of a teenager with scoliosis primarily includes a. promoting self-esteem and positive body image b. preventing immobility c. promoting adequate nutrition d. preventing infection
A
Symptoms of epiglottitis include A. tri-pod position and drooling B. seal-like barking cough C. pulmonary edema D. muscle weakness
A
The nurse is assessing an 8-year-old boy suspected of having Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Which of the following signs and symptoms would the nurse expect to find? A. Maculopapular rash that begins on the wrists and ankles and spreads centripetally B. Spasms of the jaw muscles and arching of the back C. Circular, outward expanding rash D. Stiff neck with a positive Kernig's sign
A
The nurse is aware that the age at which the posterior fontanelle closes is _____ months. a. 2 to 3 b. 3 to 6 c. 6 to 9 d. 9 to 12
A
RSV (respiratory synctial virus) is most commonly diagnosed in A. during the summer months B. children under the age of two years C. children over the age of four years D. children who receive synagis
B
The nurse is caring for a child with Kawasaki disease (KD). A student nurse who is on the unit asks if there are medications to treat this disease. The nurse's response to the student nurse is A. Immunoglobulin G and aspirin. B. Immunoglobulin G and ACE inhibitors. C. Immunoglobulin E and heparin. D. Immunoglobulin E and ibuprofen.
A
The nurse of a well-baby clinic is assessing the language and communication developmental milestones of a 2-month-old infant. The nurse anticipates which milestone to begin to occur in the infant at this developmental age? A. Cooing sounds B. Use of gestures C. Babbling sounds D. Increased interest in sounds
A
The parent of a 3-month-old infant asks the nurse, "At what age do infants usually begin drinking from a cup?" The nurse would reply: a. 5 months. b. 9 months. c. 1 year. d. 2 years.
A
The purpose of a Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) is: A. Monitor fluid & electrolyte status B. Screen for clotting deficiencies C. Detect metabolic alkalosis D. Screen for hematological function
A
What is a major difference between cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy? A. Muscular dystrophy is the degeneration of muscle fiber, while cerebral palsy is a congenital disorder of movement, muscle tone, and posture. B. The hallmark sign of CP in infancy is delayed responses to stimuli C. Cerebral Palsy is usually diagnosed at birth, while muscular dystrophy is diagnosed around 2-3 years D. Cerebral Palsy is X-linked, while muscular dystrophy is more commonly seen in females.
A
Which of the following describes an appropriate growth rate? a. Birth weight doubles in 6 months b. Birth weight quadruples in 12 months c. Birth weight doubles in 12 months d. Birth weight triples in 6 months
A
Which of the following values is included in a BMP (basic metabolic panel) A. Potassium B. Bilirubin C. Albumin D. Total Protein
A
Which set of vital signs is appropriate for a 7-year-old child? a. RR: 28, HR: 80, BP: 100/70 b. RR: 40, HR: 80, BP: 90/50 c. RR: 14, HR: 100, BP: 120/80 d. RR: 50, HR: 100, BP: 70/40
A
a nurse is caring for a preschooler who has nephrotic syndrome. which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? a. blood protein 5.0 g/dL b. Hgb 14.5 g/dL c. Hct 40% d. Platelet 200,00 mm3
A
symptoms of epiglottitis include A. tri-pod position and drooling B. seal-like barking cough C. pulmonary edema D. muscle weakness
A
The nurse is aware that the earliest age at which the infant should be able to walk independently is _____ months. a. 8 to 10 b. 12 to 15 c. 15 to 18 d. 18 to 21
B
The nurse is teaching home tracheostomy care to the parents of a toddler. What information would be essential for the nurse to include? a) The importance of changing the tracheostomy every day b). How to recognize signs of infection and obstruction. c) How to remove the tracheostomy so the child can talk. d) Teaching the child to keep large objects away from the tube.
B
The nurse knows that an infant's birth weight should be tripled by: a. 9 months. b. 1 year. c. 18 months. d. 2 years.
B
The nurse teaches parents how to help their children learn impulse control and cooperative behaviors. This would occur during which of the stages of development defined by Erikson? A. Trust versus mistrust B. Initiative versus guilt C. Industry versus inferiority D. Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt
B
A nurse is caring for a client who has a superficial partial-thickness burn. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Administer IV infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride B. Apply cool, wet compresses to the affected areas C. Clean the affected area using a soft-bristle brush D. Administer morphine sulfate
B
A nurse is caring for an infant who is postoperative following a cleft lip and palate repair. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Remove the packing in the mouth B. Place the infant in an upright position C. Offer a pacifer with sucrose D. Assess the mouth with a tongue blade
B
What causes a UTI? A. showers B. wiping back to front C. Wearing cotton underwear D. Baths
B
A 7-year-old child is hospitalized with a fracture of the femur and placed in traction. Which appropriate play activity should the nurse select to help meet the growth and development needs of the child? A. A board game B. A large puzzle C. A finger-painting set D. A coloring book with crayons
A
A fever in a pediatric patient is considered any temp above: a. 101.0 F b. 100.8 F c. 100.0 F d. 100.4 F
A
A nurse is developing a plan of care for a toddler who has cerebral palsy. Which of the following actions should the nurse include? a. structure interventions according to the toddler's chronological age b. evaluate the toddler's need for an evaluation of hearing ability c. monitor the toddler's pain level routinely using a numeric rating scale d. provide total care for daily hygiene activities
B
A nurse is caring for a child who has cerebral palsy. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to admin to treat painful muscle spasms? (Select all) a. baclofen b. diazepam c. oxybutynin d. methotrexate e. prednisone
A, B
In terms of gross motor development, what would the nurse expect a 5-month-old infant to do? Choose all that apply. a. Roll from abdomen to back b. Put feet in mouth when supine c. Roll from back to abdomen d. Sit erect without support e. Move from prone to sitting position f. Adjust posture to reach an object
A, B
a nurse is assessing a child who has nephrotic syndrome. which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (select all that apply) a. urine dipstick +2 protein b. edema in the ankles c. hyperlipidemia d. polyuria e. anorexia
A, B, C, E
Which would the nurse assess in a child diagnosed with osteomyelitis? Select all that apply a. unwillingness to move affected extremity b. severe pain c. fever d. previous closed fracture of an extremity e. redness and swelling at the site f. fatigued g. irritable and restless
A, B, C, E, G
A nurse is assessing a child who has epiglottitis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.) A. Hoarseness and difficulty speaking B. Difficulty swallowing C. Low-grade fever D. Drooling E. Dry, barking cough F. Stridor
A, B, D, F
A nurse is assessing an infant who has hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply) A. Projectile vomiting B. Dry mucus membranes C. Currant jelly stools D. Sausage-shaped abdominal mass E. Constant hunger
A, B, E
When assessing a patient with a partial-thickness burn, the nurse would expect to find (SATA): a. blisters b. exposed fascia c. exposed muscles d. intact nerve endings e. red, shiny, wet appearance
A, B, E
Cerebral palsy (CP) is suspected in a child and the parents ask the nurse about the potential warning signs of CP. The nurse should provide which information? Select all that apply. A. The infant's arms or legs are stiff or rigid. B. A high risk factor for CP is very low birth weight. C. By 8 months of age, the infant can sit without support. D. The infant has strong head control but a limp body posture. E. The infant has feeding difficulties, such as poor sucking and swallowing. F. If the infant is able to crawl, only one side is used to propel himself or herself.
A, B, E, F
A nurse is caring for a client who has a skin graft. Which of the following manifestations indicate infection? (Select all that apply) A. Pink color to subcutaneous fat B. Unstable body temperature C. Generation of granulation tissue D. Subeschar hemorrhage E. Change in skin color around the affected area
A, D, E
A nurse is evaluating the developmental level of a 2-year-old. Which of the following does the nurse expect to observe in this child? A) Uses a fork to eat B) Uses a cup to drink C) Uses a knife for cutting food D) Pours own milk into a cup
B
A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department with a diagnosis of acute epiglottitis. Which assessment finding is most significant related to this diagnosis? a) Increased fever b) Drooling of saliva c) Increased cough and dyspnea d) Increased heart rate
B
A 6 year old child has been bladder trained without enuresis since age 4. She has recently been having "accidents" at night. Which of the following is possible? A. Glomerulonephritis B. UTI C. Nephrotic syndrome D. Renal failure
B
A child is post-operative after receiving surgery to treat scoliosis. Which of the following interventions is not something the nurse should implement? A. The patient should move very little in the first 12 hours and lying flat on their bed. B. The patient should have their bed elevated and be able to sit at bedside around the second week C. Log rolling should be used when turning instead of twisting movements D. It is important to implement cough and deep breathing exercises when appropriate
B
A clinic nurse assesses the communication patterns of a 5-month-old infant. The nurse determines that the infant is demonstrating the highest level of developmental achievement expected if the infant: A) Uses simple words such as "mama" B) Uses monosyllabic babbling C) Links syllables together D) Coos when comforted
B
A nurse is caring for a 2-year-old child who has a heart defect and is scheduled for cardiac catheterization. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Place on NPO status for 12 hr prior to the procedure. B. Check for iodine or shellfish allergies prior to the procedure. C. Elevate the affected extremity following the procedure. D. Limit fluid intake following the procedure
B
A nurse is caring for a child in the postoperative period following a tonsillectomy. Which of the actions should the nurse take? A. Encourage the child to blow her nose gently. B. Administer analgesics on a schedule. C. Offer orange juice. D. Position the child supine.
B
A nurse is caring for a child who has had watery diarrhea for the past 3 days. Which of the following is an appropriate action for the nurse to take? A. Offer Chicken broth B. Initiate oral rehydration therapy C. Start hypertonic IV solution D. Keep NPO until the diarrhea subsides
B
A nurse is teaching a parent of a child who has a urinary tract infection. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. Wear nylon underpants. B. Avoid bubble baths. C. Empty bladder completely with each void. D. Provide information about clinical manifestations of infection. E. Wipe perineal area back to front.
B, C, D
A nurse is caring for a child who is receiving a bronchodilator medication by nebulized aerosol therapy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.) A. Instruct the child that the treatment will last 30 min. B. Obtain vital signs prior to the procedure. C. Tell the child to take slow deep breaths. D. Determine if the child should use a mask. E. Attach the device to an air source.
B, C, D, E
A nurse is assessing a child who has a urinary tract infection. Which of the following are clinical manifestations of a urinary tract infection? (Select all that apply.) A. Night sweats B. Swelling of the face C. Pallor D. Pale colored urine E. Fatigue
B, C, E
A nurse is assessing an infant who has a suspected urinary tract infection. Which of the following are anticipated findings? (Select all that apply.) A. Increase in hunger B. Irritability C. Decrease in urination D. Vomiting E. Fever
B, D, E
A 4-month-old is diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot. You're providing an illustration to the parent to help him understand the pathophysiology of this condition. What defects must be present in the illustration to help the parent understand their child's condition? Select all that apply:* A. Aortic stenosis B. Ventricular septal defect C. Coarctation of aorta D. Right ventricular hypertrophy E. Displacement of the aorta F. Pulmonic stenosis G. Patent ductus arteriosus
B, D, E, F
A mother of a 3-year-old tells a clinic nurse that the child is rebelling constantly and having temper tantrums. The nurse most appropriately tells the mother to: A. Punish the child every time the child says "no", to change the behavior B. Allow the behavior because this is normal at this age period C. Set limits on the child's behavior D. Ignore the child when this behavior occurs
C
A nurse is assessing a client who is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. Which assessment finding is inconsistent with the typical clinical manifestations noted in this disorder? A. Hematuria B. Low back pain C. Urinary retention D. Burning on urination
C
A nurse is caring for a child who is in the postoperative period following a tonsillectomy. Which of the following is a clinical finding of postoperative bleeding? A. Hgb 11.6 and Hct 37% B. Inflamed and reddened throat C. Frequent swallowing and clearing of the throat D. Blood-tinged mucus
C
A nurse is caring for a client who has a moderate burn. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Maintain immobilization of the affected area B. Expose affected area to the air C. Initiate a high protein, high calorie diet D. Implement contact isolation
C
A nurse is completing preoperative teaching with an adolescent client who is scheduled to receive spinal instrumentation for scoliosis. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? a. "you will go home the same day of surgery" b. "you will have minimum pain" c. "you will need to receive blood" d. "you will not be able to eat until the day after surgery
C
A nurse is teaching a parent of a child who has pediculosis capitis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Apply mayonnaise to the affected area at night. B. Treat all household pets. C. Use an over‑the‑counter medication containing 1% permethrin. D. Discard the child's stuffed animals.
C
A nurse is using the call-back method with a parent while teaching about burns. Which of the following statements requires further teaching? A. "The younger the child, the higher mortality. " B. "Scaring is more severe as growth continues." C. "Children have a lower percentage of body fluid to mass than adults" D. "Rule of 9's is not accurate in children."
C
An abnormal finding in an evaluation of growth and development for a 6-month-old infant would be: a. weight gain of 4 to 7 ounces per week. b. length increase of 1 inch in 2 months. c. head lag present. d. can sit alone for a few seconds.
C
Epiglottitis is caused by: A. H1N1 Flu Virus B. Rubella C. Haemophilus influenzae type B D. Hepatitis B
C
The most appropriate activity to recommend to parents to promote sensorimotor stimulation for a 1-year-old would be to: a. ride a tricycle. b. spend time in an infant swing. c. play with push-pull toys. d. read large picture books.
C
The nurse is aware that the earliest age at which an infant is usually able to sit steadily alone is _____ months. a. 4 b. 5 c. 8 d. 15
C
The nurse is caring for an 8-week-old infant being evaluated for pyloric stenosis. Which statement by the parent would be typical for a child with this diagnosis? A. "The baby is a very fussy eater and just does not want to eat." B. "The baby tends to have a very forceful vomiting episode about 30 minutes after most feedings." C. "The baby is always hungry after vomiting so I refeed." D. "The baby is happy in spite of getting really upset after spitting up."
C
The nurse would expect a 4-month-old to be able to: a. hold a cup. b. stand with assistance. c. lift head and shoulders. d. sit with back straight.
C
The patient in the acute phase of burn care has electrical burns on the left side of her body, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and a serum glucose level of 485 mg/dL. What should be the nurse's priority intervention to prevent a life-threatening complication of hyperglycemia for this burned patient? a. replace the blood lost b. maintain a neutral pH c. maintain fluid balance d. replace serum potassium
C
The pediatric nurse is caring for a hospitalized preschooler who is in traction. Which play activity should the nurse implement with this child? A. Listening to music B. Hand sewing a picture C. Coloring book and crayons D. Reading from a large picture book
C
The viral pathogen that frequently causes acute diarrhea in young children is: a. Giardia organisms. b. Shigella organisms. c. Rotavirus. d. Salmonella organisms.
C
A nurse is caring for a child who has bronchiolitis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.) A. Administer oral prednisone. B. Initiate chest percussion and postural drainage. C. Administer humidified oxygen. D. Suction the nasopharynx as needed. E. Administer oral penicillin.
C, D
A nurse is teaching a group of parents about possible manifestations of Down Syndrome. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply A. a large head with bulging fontanels B. larger ears that are set back C. protruding abdomen D. broad, short feet and hands E. Hypotonia
C, D, E
A child has accidently set a small fire on the sleeve of his shift after playing with a gasoline tank. Which of the following interventions should be the parent's first action? A. Assess the client's breathing status. B. Keep the child's burned areas warm. C. Begin resuscitation measures D. Stop the burning
D
A nurse is evaluating an infant brought to the clinic with severe diarrhea. What signs and symptoms indicate that the infant has severe dehydration? A. Tachycardia, decreased tears, 5% weight loss B. Normal pulse and blood pressure, intense thirst C. Irritability, moderate thirst, normal eyes and fontanel D. Tachycardia, capillary refill greater than 3 seconds, sunken eyes and fontanel
D
A nurse is planning care of a child who has a urinary tract infection. Which of the following should the nurse include? A. Administer antidiuretic. B. Restrict fluids. C. Evaluate the child's self-esteem. D. Encourage frequent voiding.
D
An infant recently underwent a Bladder Exstrophy. How should the site be cared for? A. Cover with sterile, adherent, dry dressing and cover with plastic and barrier ointment. B. Cover with sterile, non-adherent, moist dressing and cover with plastic and petroleum. C. Cover with nonsterile, non-adherent, dry dressing and cover with plastic and barrier ointment. D. Cover with sterile, non-adherent, moist dressing and cover with plastic and barrier ointment
D
An infant with pyloric stenosis experiences excessive vomiting that can result in: a. hyperchloremia. b. hypernatremia. c. metabolic acidosis. d. metabolic alkalosis.
D
Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) tests electrolyte levels, kidney function, and __________. A. arsenic level B. fatty substances C. aluminum level D. blood glucose
D
Bladder Exstrophy includes: A. complete absence of a body part B. any blockage of urine flow C. failure of development D. eversion of bladder on the abdominal surface
D
Nephrotic Syndrome is indicated by what symptom? A. Increased hunger B. Nausea C. Hyperalbuminemia D. Hyperlipidemia
D
Signs and symptoms of UTI include A. Dysuria B. frequent urination C. lower abdominal cramps D. All of the above
D
The nurse would advise a parent when introducing solid foods to: a. begin with one tablespoon of food. b. mix foods together. c. eliminate a refused food from the diet. d. introduce each new food 4 to 7 days apart.
D
What is the proper order in which to perform a pediatric assessment? a. BP, Weight, RR, HR, Temp b. Temp, HR, BP, RR, Weight c. RR, HR, Weight, BP, Temp d. RR, HR, Temp, BP, Weight
D
When should a child receive their first dose of the Tdap vaccine? a. 2 months b. 6 months c. 4-6 years d. 11-12 years
D
Which of the following is NOT a principle of pediatric care? a. Prevent/minimize separation from family b. Promote a sense of control c. Prevent/minimize bodily injury and pain d. Prevent stress by spreading out care
D
Which of the following symptoms are specific to metabolic acidosis? A. dry mucous membranes, oliguria and decreased tear production B. hand tremor, muscle twitching, and tetany C. RUQ pain, rebound tenderness, and vomiting D. tachypnea, fatigued, and confusion
D
