childhood viral diseases

childhood viral diseases with a rash

1) VZV 2) Measles 3) Rubella 4) Roseola 5) Fifth disease 6) scarlet fever

Childhood Viral diseases with no rash

1. Rhinovirus RNA 2. Respiratory Synctial Virus RSV 3. MUMPS virus RNA 4. Epstein Barr Virus DNA (mononucleosis) 5. Rotavirus DNA 6. Coxsackievirus RNA

Rubella

AKA: German measles, single stranded RNA virus, before the vaccine there was a epidemic every 4-6 years. Incubation period of 14-21 days, causes flu lie symptoms. Primary symptom is a rash on the face which spreads to the trunk and limbs usually fades after 3 days (3 day measles).

Lab test for Mononucleosis

Blood tests include normal to moderately elevated WBC count, greater than 10% atypical lymphocytes and positive reaction to mono spot test. In patients with symptoms of infectious mono: a positive Paul-Bunnell heterophile antibody test result is diagnostic. Heterophile or antibody to sheep RBC is positive.

How does someone get infected with parvovirus B19?

It has been found in the respiratory secretions (ex. saliva, sputum or nasal mucus) of infected persons before the onset of rash when they appear to 'just have a cold'. Probably spread through direct contact with those secretions (ex. sharing cups or utensils). 50% of exposed family members become infected, and 10-60% of students may get it during school outbreaks.

Measles

RNA Herpes virus, 2 places to diagnose are: eyes (conjunctivitis) and Koplik spots in mouth

congenital rubella syndrome

Rubella can cause CRS in newly born. The syndrome follows intrauterine infection by rubella virus and comprises cardiac, cerebral, opthalmic and auditory defects (eyes, ears, retardation)

Complication of Measles

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive neurological disorder of children and young adults that affects the CNS

Roseola

a common viral infection of early childhood, caused by the HHV6 virus and possibly HHV7. Mostly infecting children between the ages of 6 and 24 months, children under 6 months are protected through maternal antibodies and children older are usually immune, biggest danger in immune disorders.

Paul-Bunnel Heterophile antibody

antibody reacts with sheep or ox RBC (SRBC), nonspecific antibody, disappears when recovered and lymphocytes return to normal

acyclovir

blocks the multiplication of EBV (and does not help/cure CFS)

Infectious Mononucleosis

caused by Epstein barr virus (EBV), most are infected in childhood years, is a herpes virus, many children infected have no symptoms or mild symptoms. Symptomatic in adolescent/young adult (kissing disease), 95% of people have had contact by 40.

Scarlet fever

caused by Group A streptococcus pyogenes plus a bacteriophage, it produces a erythrogenic toxin

Rotavirus RNA

causes gastroenteritis (inflammation in GI tract), causes severe diarrhea in children less than 5 years old and can lead to dehydration. leading cause of diarrhea in infants and children world wide, causes more than a half million deaths.

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

causes lower respiratory tract infections in children, nearly all children will have been infected with the virus by 2-3 years of age, only 2-3% will develop bronchiolitis needing hospitalization, this is more likely in immunocompromised or premature infants.

Roseola symptoms

children usually have high fever, 3-7 days later once fever breaks they get red/pink raised rash all over their body, rash lasts a few hours-few days, starts on trunk and can spread to limbs and face, unlike other rashes roseola is not itchy.

Roseola nicknames

exanthem subitum, sixth disease because it is caused by human herpes virus 6.

mononucleosis symptoms

fever, throat, swollen lymph glands, sometimes swollen spleen or liver. Heart or CNS problems are rare. No problems during pregnancy. Usually resolves in 1-2 months but it remains dormant in the body. can reactivate but usually occurs without symptoms.

Measles symptoms

four day fevers and the 3 Cs: cough, coryza (runny nose) and conjunctivitis (red eyes), fever may reach 104F.

Coxsackie virus RNA

group A coxsackieviruses tend to infect the skin and mucous membranes causing mouth blisters, acute hemmoraging conjunctivitis and foot and mouth disease

Chicken pox vaccine

has been available in the US since 1995 to inoculate against the disease. Protection from one dose is not lifelong and a second dose is necessary 5 years after the initial immunization.

Mumps virus

is a contagious disease, typically starts with a few days of fever, headache, muscle aches, tiredness, and loss of appetite and is followed by swelling of salivary glands, now there is a routine vaccination the MMR

SSPE

is a slow, but persistent, viral infection caused by defective measles virus. Has veen reported from all parts of the world, but it is considered a rare disease with fewer than 10 cases per year in the USA.

Varicella zoster virus (VZV)

is highly contagious illness caused by primary infection . Most common complication is shingles, caused by reactivation of virus. DNA Herpes virus

Anemia and Parvovirus B19

may cause a serious illness in persons with sickle-cell disease or similar types of chronic anemia, can cause an acute severe anemia. ill person may be pale, weak, and tired and should should see a physician for treatment, once the infection is controlled anemia resolves. (affects RBC)

Immune deficiency and Parvovirus B19

may develop a chronic anemia with infection that requires medical treatment. People who have leukemia, cancer, HIV or organ transplant are at risk for serious illness due to infection.

Prognosis of SSPE

most individuals will die within 1-3 years of diagnosis. In a small percentage the disease will progress rapidly, leading to death within 3 months of diagnosis.

Fifth disease causes

nickname slap cheek, caused by infection with human parvovirus B19, the virus only infects humans. Children can not 'catch' parvovirus from a pet dog or cat and viceversa.

Lymphocyte count in Mono

normal WBC count 5-10,000, increases to 20,000 per ul and aslo an atypical appearance

Mumps symptoms

parotid inflammation, in 95% of patients with symptoms, causes swelling and local pain when chewing. can be unilateral but is bilateral in 90% of cases. fever, headache, orchitis: painful inflammation of testicles (males past puberty, worst age 13)

koplik spots

seen inside the mouth are pathognomonic (diagonstic) for measles, but are not often seen, even in real cases, because they are transient and may disappear within a day of arising.

Chronic Fatigue syndrome

the herpes family of viruses (EBV and oral and genital herpes viruses) has been primary focus. the EBV that causes Mono has veen the main focus because symptoms are the same and people with CSF have very high EBV antibody levels. There is no clear evidence. Might also be linked to retroviruses or weaknesses in immune function.

Rhinovirus RNA

the most common viral infective agents in humans and are the predominant cause of the common cold. Optimal growth between 33-35C (91-95F) and is why it occurs primarily in the nose. There are 99 types of rinovirses that differ according to surface proteins, are lytic in nature and among the smallest viruses.

Pregnancy and parvovirus B19

usually there is no serious complication for a pregnant woman or her baby because of exposure to a person with 5th disease. But in less than 5% of infected it will cause the unborn baby to have severe anemia and the woman may have a miscarriage.

Rotavirus vaccine

was introduced for US infants in 2006. There are two vaccines RotaTeq and Rotarix and have been shown to be safe and effective. In 2010 a pig virus porcine circovirus (PCV) was found in both vaccines, but doesn't cause disease in humans.

can adults get fifth disease?

yes, an adult who is not immune can be infected with parvovirus B19. They either have no symptoms or develop the typical rash, joint pain, swelling or both. Usually joints on both sides of body are affected.