CHP 12 - Motivation Across Cultures

Which of the following theories of motivation establishes that there are two sets of factors that exert influence on job satisfaction? The two-factor theory of motivation The goal-setting theory The expectancy theory The achievement motivation theory

The two-factor theory of motivation

Select all that apply Which of the following statements are true about content theories of motivation? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. They analyze motivation in very general terms. They tend to focus on individual behavior in specific settings. They explain work motivation in terms of how employee behavior is initiated, redirected, and halted and are very sophisticated. They prove to be useful in drawing out a composite picture of employee motivation in a specific region or country.

They analyze motivation in very general terms. They prove to be useful in drawing out a composite picture of employee motivation in a specific region or country.

Identify the basic elements in the process of motivation. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Drives Goal attainment Nonuniversalism Needs Constancy across cultures

Needs Drives Goal attainment

Click and drag on elements in order Arrange, in an ascending order, the basic needs of human beings according to the collectivist need hierarchy. Instructions Drag and drop application. Physiological Safety Self-actualization

Physiological Safety Self-actualization

Click and drag on elements in order In the context of Abraham Maslow's need hierarchy, arrange the basic needs of human beings in an ascending order. (Place the most basic need on top.) Esteem Physiological Social Self-actualization Safety

Physiological Safety Social Esteem Self-actualization

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy-of-needs theory, identify the most basic needs of human beings. Esteem needs Safety needs Self-actualization needs Physiological needs

Physiological needs

The importance of work in an individual's life relative to other areas of interest is known as ___________ ________________.

work centrality

The biggest drawback of equity theory is that _____. it relies solely on the projective personality Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) to measure individual achievement it gives the impression of being culture-bound it is grounded in individual effort it is against the view that people's perception of how fairly they are being treated affects motivation

it gives the impression of being culture-bound

An assumption about motivation is that _____. one motivation theory can be applied universally across cultures its specific nature remains unchanged across cultures it is universal in nature culture fails to influence motivation goals

it is universal in nature

Unlike job-context factors, job-content factors are _____. security, benefits, and promotions, not responsibility or the work itself mediated internally controlled by an organization conditions, hours, and earnings, not responsibility and achievement

mediated internally

_____ theories explain work motivation in terms of what initiates, arouses, or energizes employee behavior. Content Equity Expectancy Process

Content

Select all that apply Identify the true statements about expectancy theory. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. It focuses on how motivation is affected by people's perception of being treated fairly. It is uninfluenced by the belief that effort will lead to performance. It is based on employees having substantial control over their environment. It exhibits the impression of being bound by culture.

It is based on employees having substantial control over their environment. It exhibits the impression of being bound by culture.

Job design is usually a function of the job to be done and the way in which management desires it to be done. True False

True

Work centrality facilitates significant understanding of the ways in which human resources can be motivated in different cultures. True False

True

In the context of the theories of motivation, _______ _________ ______________ holds that individuals can have a need to get ahead, to attain success, and to reach objectives.

achievement motivation theory

In the context of Abraham Maslow's need hierarchy, which of the following is the basic physical requirements for shelter, food, clothing, and water? Safety needs Social needs Self-actualization needs Physiological needs

Physiological needs

Select all that apply Identify the components of job design in an organizational context. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. The content of a job The number of employees hired for a job The work hours required for a job The methods that are employed in a job The way in which a job associates with other jobs in an organization

The content of a job The methods that are employed in a job The way in which a job associates with other jobs in an organization

Select all that apply Identify the true statements about high-achieving societies. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Uncertainty avoidance is weak, and moderate-to-high masculinity is observed. Low value is given to the quality of work life and to caring for others. High importance is assigned to the acquisition of money and other physical assets. High importance is attached to caring for others and to work life quality. People are unafraid to live with ambiguity or to take at least moderate risks. Low value is given to the acquisition of money and other physical assets.

Uncertainty avoidance is weak, and moderate-to-high masculinity is observed. Low value is given to the quality of work life and to caring for others. High importance is assigned to the acquisition of money and other physical assets. People are unafraid to live with ambiguity or to take at least moderate risks.

Unlike job-content factors, job-context factors _____. include the work itself are controlled by an organization include responsibility and achievement are mediated internally

are controlled by an organization

_______________ _________________________is a process theory that postulates that motivation is influenced by an individual's belief that effort will lead to performance, performance will lead to specific outcomes, and the outcomes will be of value to the individual.

expectancy theory

____ theories explain work motivation in terms of what initiates, arouses, or energizes employee behavior. Process Equity Content Expectancy

Content

Which of the following process theories focuses on how individuals' perception of how fairly they are being treated affects motivation? Expectancy theory Equity Theory Two-factor theory Goal-setting theory

Equity Theory

Identify a true statement about the system of using financial incentives to motivate employees. It is universally accepted. It is not designed to stress equity. It is especially common in countries that have low, rather than high, individualism. It is common when companies try to associate compensation with performance.

It is common when companies try to associate compensation with performance.

Select all that apply Identify the true statements about the system of using financial incentives to motivate employees. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. It is especially common in countries that have high individualism. It is universally accepted. It is common when companies attempt to not link compensation to performance. It is designed to stress equity.

It is especially common in countries that have high individualism. It is designed to stress equity.

Select all that apply Which of the following cultural dimensions identified by Hofstede best describe high-achieving societies? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Masculinity Femininity Nonmaterialistic outlook Uncertainty avoidance

Masculinity Uncertainty avoidance

A psychological process through which unsatisfied wants or needs lead to drives that are aimed at goals or incentives is known as ______________________.

Motivation

According to the two-factor theory of motivation, match the factors that exert an influence on job satisfaction (in the left column) with their descriptions (in the right column). Instructions Drag and drop application. Motivators Hygiene factors -They include job-context variables such as company policies and administration, salary, interpersonal relations, working conditions, and technical supervision. -They include job-content factors such as responsibility, advancement, achievement, recognition, and the work itself.

Motivators--They include job-content factors such as responsibility, advancement, achievement, recognition, and the work itself. Hygiene factorsThey include job-context variables such as company policies and administration, salary, interpersonal relations, working conditions, and technical supervision.

Select all that apply Which of the following are the particular areas that are focused on in goal-setting theory? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Providing timely feedback to progress toward objectives Maintaining organizational homogeneity Daydreaming in both positive and negative terms Participation level in framing objectives The difficulty and specificity of objectives The significance of objectives

Providing timely feedback to progress toward objectives Participation level in framing objectives The difficulty and specificity of objectives The significance of objectives

Identify the most basic need of human beings according to the collectivist need hierarchy. Self-actualization Safety Social or belonging Physiological

Social or belonging

Select all that apply Identify the assumptions made about motivation. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. The specific nature of motivation varies across cultures. Its specific content remains uninfluenced by cultures. A single motivation theory cannot be universally applied across cultures. It is nonuniversal by nature.

The specific nature of motivation varies across cultures. A single motivation theory cannot be universally applied across cultures.

Identify a true statement about physiological needs of human beings in the context of work motivation. They often are fulfilled through the salaries and wages provided by an organization. They are satisfied through mastering one's work environment and achieving personal goals. They are fulfilled through promotions, awards, and feedback. They often are satisfied through medical insurance and unemployment and retirement plans.

They often are fulfilled through the salaries and wages provided by an organization.

According to achievement motivation theory, the probability that there would be a greater percentage of people with high needs for achievement is higher where cultural values have not traditionally supported individual, entrepreneurial efforts. True False

False

Which of the following process theories places importance on how people set objectives and respond to them and this process's overall impact on motivation? Goal-setting theory Equity theory Two-factor theory Expectancy theory

Goal-setting theory