CHP 2

Which of the following events occur during metaphase? A) Centromeres move along the chromosomal microtubules to a narrow central zone. B) Microtubules form the spindle apparatus. C) Daughter chromosomes move toward the opposite ends of the cell. D) Centrioles move apart. E) All of the answers are correct.

A) Centromeres move along the chromosomal microtubules to a narrow central zone.

________ help stabilize the plasmalemma and maintain its fluidity. A) Sterols B) Carbohydrates C) Phospholipids D) Glycolipids E) Peripheral proteins

A) Sterols

Which of the following describes phospholipids in the plasmalemma? A) The lipid tails are hydrophobic. B) The lipid tails are hydrophilic. C) The phosphate heads are hydrophobic. D) The tails are at the surface. E) The heads are on the inside.

A) The lipid tails are hydrophobic.

Why are microtubules considered among the non-membranous organelles? A) They do not have their own enclosed membrane. B) They are associated with the plasmalemma. C) They are aggregated into bundles. D) They are composed primarily of the protein actin. E) They are comprised chiefly of the protein tubulin.

A) They do not have their own enclosed membrane.

How does oxygen pass through the plasmalemma? A) across the membrane's lipid portion B) through membrane channels C) always by passive processes D) always by active transport E) both through membrane channels and always by passive processes

A) across the membrane's lipid portion

During ________, the centromere of each chromatid pair separates and the daughter chromosomes are pulled toward opposite ends of the cell, along the chromosomal microtubules. A) anaphase B) telophase C) interphase D) prophase E) metaphase

A) anaphase

Which of the following is a function of microtubules? A) being part of the spindle apparatus B) control of metabolism C) storage of secretory products and lysosomal enzymes D) intracellular removal of damaged organelles or of pathogens E) assist in DNA replication

A) being part of the spindle apparatus

If a cell lacked centrioles, it would be unable to ________. A) direct the movement of chromosomes during cell division B) move through the surrounding fluid C) replicate its own DNA D) manufacture proteins E) move fluids or solutes across the plasmalemma

A) direct the movement of chromosomes during cell division

Factors affecting the rate of phagocytosis include the presence and abundance of ________. A) extracellular pathogens or debris B) receptors on the plasmalemma C) calcium ions and ATP D) target molecules E) carrier proteins, solutes, and ATP

A) extracellular pathogens or debris

A ________ moves a cell through the surrounding fluid, rather than moving the fluid past a stationary cell. A) flagellum B) centriole C) neurofilament D) cilium E) thick filament

A) flagellum

The viscous, superficial coating on the outer surface of the plasmalemma is called the ________. A) glycocalyx B) pseudopodia C) inclusions D) tubulin E) cytosol

A) glycocalyx

Communicating junctions are found in high quantities in the ________. A) heart B) brain C) lungs D) eyes E) bones

A) heart

Which of the following is another name for cytosol? A) intracellular fluid B) gelatin C) interstitial fluid D) extracellular fluid E) cytoplasm

A) intracellular fluid

The ________ is the organelle that synthesizes the components of ribosomes. A) nucleolus B) centrosome C) Golgi apparatus D) nucleosome E) endoplasmic reticulum

A) nucleolus

A major function of the Golgi apparatus is ________. A) the synthesis and packaging of secretions, such as mucins or enzymes B) the renewal or modification of the nuclear envelope C) packaging of lipids for use in lysosomes D) detoxification and neutralization of cellular toxins E) degradation of bacteria and organic debris

A) the synthesis and packaging of secretions, such as mucins or enzymes

In osmosis, the substance(s) moved across a selectively permeable membrane is/are ________. A) water B) extracellular fluid and its associated solutes C) gases, small inorganic ions and molecules D) glucose and amino acids E) fluid and cellular wastes

A) water

Which sequence correctly traces the steps of DNA replication during the S phase? (1) Weak bonds between nitrogenous bases of the DNA are disrupted. (2) DNA strands unwind. (3) DNA polymerase binds to exposed nitrogenous bases. (4) Ligases link together short complementary chains of nucleotides. (5) Nitrogenous bases of the DNA strand attract complementary nucleotides. A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 B) 1, 2, 3, 5, 4 C) 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 D) 1, 3, 5, 2, 4 E) 4, 2, 3, 1, 5

B) 1, 2, 3, 5, 4

In cells preparing for division, the phase of the life cycle that is most variable in length is the ________ of interphase. A) S phase B) G1 phase C) G0 phase D) G2 phase E) All of the answers are correct.

B) G1 phase

________ is/are the substance(s) involved in facilitated diffusion. A) Only water B) Glucose and amino acids C) Lipid-soluble materials D) Small organic ions and molecules E) Extracellular fluid

B) Glucose and amino acids

Renewal or modification of the plasmalemma is the major function of which organelle? A) lysosomes B) Golgi apparatus C) peroxisomes D) mitochondria E) cytoskeleton

B) Golgi apparatus

Which of the following statements accurately describes cytosol? A) The term encompasses all material inside the cell. B) It is the fluid content inside the cell. C) It contains much less protein than the extracellular fluid. D) It contains large amounts of carbohydrates. E) It is composed of the intracellular structures known as organelles.

B) It is the fluid content inside the cell.

Which of the following is true of cell division? A) Its importance diminishes after an individual grows to maturity. B) It requires accurate duplication (replication) of the genetic material. C) Each dividing somatic cell produces four daughter cells at the end of cell division. D) Mitosis is the distinct process for producing gametes. E) Protein synthesis in preparation for division occurs during the S phase of interphase.

B) It requires accurate duplication (replication) of the genetic material.

________ increase surface area to facilitate absorption of extracellular materials. A) Cilia B) Microvilli C) Flagella D) Centrioles E) Mitochondria

B) Microvilli

Peroxisomes function in the ________. A) production of ATP required by the cell B) absorption and breakdown (catabolism) of fatty acids C) movement of materials over the cell surface D) control of metabolism E) synthesis of secretory products

B) absorption and breakdown (catabolism) of fatty acids

Cells float in a watery medium called ________. A) cytoplasm B) extracellular fluid C) cytosol D) cellular fluid E) None of the answers are correct.

B) extracellular fluid

In the nucleus, what is the special protein to which DNA strands are bound? A) tubulin B) histone C) cytokeratin D) actin E) myosin

B) histone

Hemidesmosomes are found ________. A) in epithelial tissue that is undergoing wound repair B) in epithelial tissues subjected to a significant amount of abrasion and shearing forces C) among epithelial cells where they help coordinate functions such as the beating of cilia D) in abundance in cardiac muscle and smooth muscle E) in epithelial tissues where they are essential to the coordination of muscle cell contractions

B) in epithelial tissues subjected to a significant amount of abrasion and shearing forces

Which of the following is a vesicle that contains enzymes? A) ribosome B) lysosome C) nucleosome D) chromosome E) hyaluronan

B) lysosome

Chemical communication between the nucleus and the cytosol occurs through (the) ________. A) perinuclear space B) nuclear pores C) histones D) nuclear matrix E) nucleosomes

B) nuclear pores

"Little organs" inside a cell that have specialized functions are called ________. A) glycocalyx B) organelles C) microvillus D) intracellular fluids E) microfilaments

B) organelles

What is the term for the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a low solute concentration to a high solute concentration? A) facilitated diffusion B) osmosis C) filtration D) active transport E) None of the answers are correct.

B) osmosis

An active process for transporting fluid across a plasmalemma is ________. A) phagocytosis B) pinocytosis C) bulk flow D) exchange pumps E) None of the answers are correct.

B) pinocytosis

The cytosol contains a high concentration of ________ ions, while the extracellular fluid usually contains a high concentration of ________ ions. A) calcium; magnesium B) potassium; sodium C) magnesium; calcium D) sodium; potassium E) hydrogen; chloride

B) potassium; sodium

Cytokinesis ________. A) usually begins after telophase B) separates the daughter cells after mitosis C) is the last phase of mitosis D) initiates the process of mitosis E) All of the answers are correct.

B) separates the daughter cells after mitosis

Which of the following processes occurs during interphase? A) Chromatid pairs separate. B) Chromatin condenses into chromosomes. C) DNA replicates. D) A cleavage furrow forms. E) The mitotic spindle forms.

C) DNA replicates.

________ are common inclusions in the cytosol of fat cells. A) Glycogen granules B) Suspended proteins C) Lipid droplets D) Dissolved proteins E) Metabolic enzymes

C) Lipid droplets

________ are slender protein strands, usually composed of the protein actin. A) Microtubules B) Thick filaments C) Microfilaments D) Myosin filaments E) Neurofilaments

C) Microfilaments

Compared with extracellular fluid, a sample of cytosol has ________. A) high quantities of carbohydrate B) a high concentration of sodium ions C) a relatively high concentration of dissolved or suspended proteins D) low reserves of amino acids and lipids E) a relatively low concentration of potassium ions

C) a relatively high concentration of dissolved or suspended proteins

The cell theory states that ________. A) cells are produced by the division of newly synthesized cells B) cells are the largest structural units of life C) cells are structural "building blocks" D) cells perform limited, nonessential functions E) All of the statements are correct

C) cells are structural "building blocks"

Microtubules, thick filaments, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments are all part of the cell's ________. A) endoplasmic reticulum B) plasmalemma C) cytoskeleton D) Golgi apparatus E) centrosome

C) cytoskeleton

Somatic cells spend the majority of their functional lives in ________. A) prophase B) metastasis C) interphase D) DNA replication E) anaphase

C) interphase

The nucleus of a cell ________. A) is completely enclosed with no way in or out B) contains only the DNA C) is surrounded by a double membrane D) it contains large proteins that form the chromosomes and are the genetic material for the cell E) has all of the above attributes

C) is surrounded by a double membrane

The continual movement and exchange of vesicles to and from the plasmalemma is called ________. A) osmosis B) active transport C) membrane flow D) facilitated diffusion E) exocytosis

C) membrane flow

The membrane of a cell is composed of a(n) ________ bilayer. A) endoplasmic B) cytoskeleton C) phospholipid D) steroid E) glycolipid

C) phospholipid

Iron ions and cholesterol are brought into the cell by the process of ________. A) pinocytosis B) phagocytosis C) receptor-mediated pinocytosis D) bulk transport E) None of the answers are correct.

C) receptor-mediated pinocytosis

Because the plasmalemma blocks some substances and allows others through, it is referred to as being ________. A) structurally rigid B) impermeable C) selectively permeable D) freely permeable E) both structurally rigid and selectively permeable

C) selectively permeable

Manufactured proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum are delivered to the Golgi apparatus by ________. A) cisternae B) bulk transport C) transport vesicles D) ribosomal RNA E) None of the answers are correct.

C) transport vesicles

Which statement describes how the plasmalemma is used in communication and sensitivity? A) It serves as a storage site for large amounts of proteins for future use by the cell. B) It effectively isolates the cytoplasm from the surrounding fluid environment. C) It contains gated channels that can be opened or closed to regulate the passage of materials. D) It acts as a site for the attachment of glycoproteins and glycolipids, which act as receptors for molecules present in the extracellular fluid. E) It provides for specialized connections between neighboring cells, giving tissues a stable structure.

D) It acts as a site for the attachment of glycoproteins and glycolipids, which act as receptors for molecules present in the extracellular fluid.

________ are organelles filled with digestive enzymes, which function in the intracellular removal of pathogens and damaged organelles. A) Peroxisomes B) Rough endoplasmic reticulum C) Centrosomes D) Lysosomes E) Mitochondria

D) Lysosomes

________ are organelles that contain an unusual double-layered membrane, and functions in producing most of the ATP in the body. A) Ribosomes B) Microvilli C) Lysosomes D) Mitochondria E) Endoplasmic reticulum

D) Mitochondria

How do peripheral proteins contribute to the structure of the plasmalemma? A) They form a structural element by being embedded in the plasmalemma. B) Some form channels to permit passage of water molecules, ions, and small water-soluble compounds into and out of the cell. C) Some may function as catalysts or receptor sites to signal through the plasmalemma. D) They are attached to only one side of the membrane. E) None of the answers are correct.

D) They are attached to only one side of the membrane.

Large areas of opposing plasmalemma may be interconnected by transmembrane proteins called ________, which bind to each other and to other extracellular materials. A) cytokeratins B) hemidesmosomes C) connexons D) cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) E) nexuses

D) cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)

Which of the following is a non-membranous organelle? A) Golgi apparatus B) mitochondrion C) nucleolus D) centriole E) All of the answers are correct.

D) centriole

A passive process that involves movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called ________. A) osmosis B) pinocytosis C) exocytosis D) diffusion E) phagocytosis

D) diffusion

Peripheral proteins are attached to the surface of the plasmalemma, while ________ are embedded within the membrane. A) histone proteins B) lysosomal proteins C) transport vesicles D) integral proteins E) peroxisomal proteins

D) integral proteins

Substances that enter the cell usually do so through the ________. A) cholesterol B) glycocalyx C) glycolipids D) integral proteins E) peripheral proteins

D) integral proteins

Thick filaments ________. A) form intermediate filaments to stabilize organelle position B) are stable structures that do not change once formed C) are called neurofilaments in neurons D) interact with actin to produce contractions E) form the spindle apparatus during cell division

D) interact with actin to produce contractions

Which cellular operation occurs in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? A) regulation of protein synthesis B) synthesis of RNA C) DNA replication leading to cell division D) manufacture of carbohydrates and lipids E) synthesis of ribosomes via nucleoli

D) manufacture of carbohydrates and lipids

Small, finger-shaped projections of the plasmalemma are termed ________. A) flagella B) centrioles C) thick filaments D) microvilli E) cilia

D) microvilli

In correct order from beginning to end, cells undergoing mitosis pass through ________. A) anaphase, prophase, interphase, and telophase B) metaphase, prophase, telophase, and anaphase C) interphase, telophase, metaphase, and prophase D) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase E) telophase, anaphase, metaphase, and prophase

D) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Which cations are exchanged by carrier proteins of exchange pumps in the active transport process? A) calcium and sodium B) chloride and bicarbonate C) sodium and chloride D) sodium and potassium E) magnesium and chloride

D) sodium and potassium

The extracellular fluid contains high amounts of ________. A) potassium ions B) dissolved and suspended proteins C) amino acids D) sodium ions E) lipids

D) sodium ions

A/an ________ is a sheet like anchoring junction that serves to stabilize the lateral surfaces of adjacent epithelial cells. A) nexus B) macula adherens C) CAM D) zonula adherens E) adhering junction

D) zonula adherens

________ provide strength, stabilize the position of organelles, and transport materials within the cytoplasm; they are defined by their size rather than composition, which varies from cell to cell. A) Cilia B) Thick filaments C) Microfilaments D) Tubulin filaments E) Intermediate filaments

E) Intermediate filaments

Processes involved in the movement of substances across a membrane at the expense of ATP, via exchange pumps, are classified as ________. A) osmosis B) diffusion C) filtration D) facilitated diffusion E) active transport

E) active transport

Which of the following is a cylindrical structure composed of short microtubules? A) DNA B) chromatin C) envelope D) nucleolus E) centriole

E) centriole

At structures called ________, two cells are held together by membrane proteins that function as a narrow passageway, allowing ions, small metabolites, and regulatory molecules to pass from cell to cell. A) anchoring junctions B) CAMs C) focal adhesions D) zonula adherens E) communication junctions

E) communication junctions

Which of the following is a passive process for material movement across a plasmalemma? A) receptor-mediated endocytosis B) phagocytosis C) exocytosis D) active transport E) facilitated diffusion

E) facilitated diffusion

Dissolved ions and water-soluble compounds cannot cross the ________ portion of a plasmalemma. A) integral protein B) carbohydrate C) peripheral protein D) glycocalyx E) lipid

E) lipid

Which of the following synthesizes the components of ribosomes? A) nuclear envelope B) nuclear pore C) nucleoplasm D) nucleosome E) nucleolus

E) nucleolus

At intervals, the DNA wind around special proteins, forming a complex called ________; this complex may also coil around other special proteins. A) chromosome B) histone C) nuclear matrix D) chromatin E) nucleosome

E) nucleosome

Which organelle determines the structural and functional characteristics of the cell by controlling RNA and protein synthesis, determining what proteins are synthesized, and in what amounts? A) endoplasmic reticulum B) Golgi apparatus C) ribosomes D) mitochondria E) nucleus

E) nucleus

Channels in the plasmalemma that can open or close to regulate the passage of water, small ions, and water-soluble molecules are called ________ channels. A) hydrophobic B) solute C) diffusion D) gated E) osmotic

E) osmotic

A transport process that produces cytoplasmic vesicles filled with extracellular fluid is called ________. A) exocytosis B) active transport C) osmosis D) receptor-mediated endocytosis E) pinocytosis

E) pinocytosis

The protein-producing organelles are the ________. A) nucleus B) Golgi apparatus C) mitochondria D) lysosomes E) ribosomes

E) ribosomes