Chp. 2 Voc

Pie graph

a circle that is divided into sections or wedges according to the percentage of frequencies in each category of the distribution

Stem and leaf plot

a data plot that uses part of a data value as the stem and part of the data value as the leaf to form groups or classes

Ungrouped frequency distribution

a distribution that uses individual data and has a small range of data

Grouped frequency distribution

a distribution used when the range is large and classes of several units in width are needed

Open-ended distribution

a frequency distribution that has no specific beginning value or no specific ending value

Categorical frequency distribution

a frequency distribution used when the data are categorical (nominal)

Frequency polygon

a graph that displays the data by using lines that connect points plotted for the frequencies at the midpoints of the classes

Histogram

a graph that displays the data by using vertical bars of various heights to represent the frequencies of a distribution

Time series graph

a graph that represents data that occur over a specific time

Ogive

a graph that represents the cumulative frequencies for the classes in a frequency distribution

Relative frequency graph

a graph using proportions instead of raw data as frequencies

Class midpoint

a value for a class in a frequency distribution obtained by adding the lower and upper class boundaries (or the lower and upper class limits) and dividing by 2

Frequency distribution

an organization of raw data in table form, using classed and frequencies

Pareto chart

chart that uses vertical bars to represent frequencies for a categorical value

Raw data

data collected in original form

formula for percentage of values

f/n * 100%

formula for degrees

f/n * 360 degrees

formula for range

highest value - lowest value

Class width

the difference between the upper class boundary and the lower class boundary for a class in a frequency distribution

Lower class limit

the lower value if a class in a frequency distribution that has the same decimal place value as the data

Frequency

the number of values in a specific class of a frequency distribution

Cumulative frequency

the sum of the frequencies accumulated up to the upper boundary of a class in a frequency distribution

Class boundaries

the upper and lower values of a class for a grouped frequency distribution whose values have one additional decimal place more than the data and end in the digit 5

Upper class limit

the upper value of a class in a frequency distribution that has the same decimal place value as the data

formula for class width

upper boundary - lower boundary

formula for class midpoint

(lower boundary + upper boundary)/2 or (lower limit + upper limit)/2