Chp 4 S4: The Unification of China
a 13 year old ruler became ruler of the Qin Dynasty. He ended the troubles of the warring states. this young ruler used the ideas of legalism to unite china. after ruling for 20 years he took a new name, Shi Huangdi. This means first emperor. Shi Huangdi doubled the size of china. He established an autocracy. In this kind of gov. a ruler has unlimited power. Shi Huangdi forced wealthy nobles to give up their land in the country and move to his capital city. He destroyed his enemies. The emperor also wanted to destroy ideas too. He ordered his gov. to burn books. Shi Huangdi also had peasants build the network of roads that linked one corner of the empire to another. He set standards for writing, law, money, and weights and measures to be followed throughout the empire. In the past, some chinese rulers built sections of wall to try to block attacks from northern nomads. Shi Huangdi had hundreds of thousands of poor people connect these sections of wall and make a huge barrior. When finished, the great wall of China stretched for thousands of miles. These steps won the emperor little support. When he died his son took the throne. Just 3 years into his reign peasants revolted and managed to overthrow the emperor. By 202 BC the Qin Dynasty had given way to the Han Dynasty
What happened during the Qin Dynasty
trying to restore order, harmony, and moral conduct for the people. To maintain balance
What is Confucianism trying to do?
The basic purpose of all ethical systems was to inhance government with the use the law to restore order in China. Confucianism Daoism Legalism
What was the basic purpose of all these ethical systems?
551 BC by Kúng Futzu (Confucius)
When was Confucianism founded and by who
everything in the universe is in balance. They're opposing forces that compliment each other
Yin and Yang?
ruler/subject husband/wife friend/friend father/son older brother/younger brother
major relationships
you get your station by doing something well. Confucius tries to convince the gov. to follow this
meritocracy?
Another thinker of this period was Laozi. He said nature follows a universal force called the Dao or the Way. His beliefs are called Daoism. Other thinkers formed a set of beliefs called Legalism. They said the gov. should used the law to restore order in China. Some Chinese people looked for practical advice in solving problems. They might refer to a book called I Ching. Other people turn to the idea of Yin and Yang. These two powers represented the harmony between opposite forces in the universe
other thinkers?
it revolves around ruler and subject because the ruler has social responsibility for his people
proper code of conduct revolves around this because
the ruler consolidates power by establishing a bureaucracy. Employs the use of Legalist ideas
the Qin Dynasty usurped power by invoking the mandate of heaven. How?
Period the Warring States
these ethical systems is a response to the
Other then what we talked about just now (Confucianism) there is Daoism and Legalism
what other ethical systems developed
Alchemy, astronomy, and medicine
Because Daoist people are naturalists they give contributions to the sciences of
Impressed by Confucius's wisdom, the duke of Lu appointed him minister of justice. He reduced crime levels. When the duke's ways changed however, Confucius became disillusioned and resigned. He then spent the remainder of his life teaching. His students later collected his words in a book called The Analects
Confucius wanted to reform Chinese society by showing rulers how to govern wisely. Because of this what happened
founded by Laozi You follow the Dao, Tao, or The Way. He said that a universal force guides all things. of all the creatures of nature according to him, only humans fail to follow the Dao
Daoism?
Confucius stressed that children practice this. the respect for their parents and ancestors. According to Confucius, it meant devoting ones self to one's parents during their lifetimes. It also required honoring their memories after death through the performance of certain rituals
Filial piety?
Confucius tried to restore ancient Chinese values by making the government better. He helped create the basis of a bureaucracy. This is a system of departments and agencies for running the government. He also worked on the importance of family relationships, he thought, were the most important. Confucius stressed that children should practice filial piety. This is respect for parents and elders.
How did Confucius try to restore ancient Chinese values
after the fall of the Zhou dynasty, China became a land of troubles. Ancient chinese values were forgotten. Civilization seemed doomed, yet some thinkers tried to find ways to restore these values. One of the most important thinkers was Confucius. He was born in 551 BC. Confucius believed that order could return, but first the people would have to work in 5 basic relationships. These were ruler and subject, father and son,husband and wife, older and younger brothers, and friend and friend. The family relationships he thought were the most important. Confucius stressed that children follow Filial Piety- this is respect for parents and elders. Confucius also tried to make gov. better. He helped create the basis for a bureaucracy-this is a system of departments and agencies for running the gov. Education was important for the people who run jobs in this kind of gov. Overtime, the ideas of Confucius spread to other countries of East Asia.
How did Confucius try to restore order in China
more in touch with the animistic things a book of oracles. Readers throw a set of coins, interpreting the results, and then reading the appropriate oracle, or prediction
I Ching?
founded by Hanfeizi and Li Si a political philosophy, a gov. you need to rule with an "Iron Fist" to maintain social order
Legalism?
Two changes that Shi Huangdi made included: - Introducing Bureaucracy. - He doubled the size of china. - He had peasants build the great wall of china. - Burned books - Isolated China, No Cultural Diffusion
Name two changes that Shi Huangdi made.
