CHP11 Nutrition

Approximately what percentage of the body's vitamin A stores are found in the liver? a. 20 b. 50 c. 70 d. 90

d. 90

What is/are the main function(s) of vitamin D? a. Promotes secretion of calcitonin b. Promotes synthesis of 7-dehydrocholesterol c. Promotes synthesis of carotenoids and controls absorption of fat-soluble vitamins d. Promotes calcium and phosphorus absorption and promotes calcium mobilization from bone

d. Promotes calcium and phosphorus absorption and promotes calcium mobilization from bone

Which of the following organs is NOT required for the complete synthesis of activated vitamin D? a. Skin b. Liver c. Kidney d. Small intestine

d. Small intestine

Which of the following is a feature of vitamin D? a. The bioavailability of vitamin D from soy milk is low b. Lifeguards on southern beaches have increased risk for vitamin D toxicity c. Most adults living in the southern United States need small amounts of dietary vitamin D d. The average consumption in the United States does not meet the recommended intake

d. The average consumption in the United States does not meet the recommended intake

With what vitamin is opsin usually associated in the body? a. A b. B1 c. C d. D

a. A

In what chief capacity does vitamin K function? a. Blood clotting b. Energy metabolism c. Calcium utilization d. Epithelial tissue renewal

a. Blood clotting

What population group is most vulnerable to vitamin A toxicity? a. Children b. Adolescents c. Adults d. Elderly

a. Children

Which of the following compounds serves as the major precursor for the body's synthesis of vitamin D? a. Cholesterol b. Tryptophan c. Beta-carotene d. Eicosapentanoic acid

a. Cholesterol

Knowing the role of vitamin K in the body, in what organ would you expect to find it in large quantities? a. Liver b. Pancreas c. Gallbladder d. Small intestine

a. Liver

What form of vitamin A supports vision but not growth? a. Retinal b. Retinol c. Retinoic acid d. Retinyl esters

a. Retinal

What form of vitamin A supports reproduction but not growth? a. Retinal b. Retinol c. Retinoic acid d. Retinyl esters

b. Retinol

Why are primary vitamin E deficiencies rarely observed in human beings? a. The vitamin is not essential b. The vitamin is widespread in foods c. Most people take vitamin E supplements d. The vitamin can be synthesized by the body

b. The vitamin is widespread in foods

Which of the following is a feature of vitamin K? a. A deficiency increases the risk for hemophilia b. A deficiency leads to keratinization of the cornea c. Bacteria in the intestines synthesize bioavailable vitamin K d. There are multiple forms in the diet, of which menadione is the naturally occurring form

c. Bacteria in the intestines synthesize bioavailable vitamin K

Which of the following is a property of the fat-soluble vitamins? a. Most of them are synthesized by intestinal bacteria b. Intestinal transport occurs by way of the portal circulation c. Deficiency symptoms may take years to develop on a poor diet d. Toxicity risk is higher for vitamins E and K than for other fat-soluble vitamins

c. Deficiency symptoms may take years to develop on a poor diet

Which of the following is a characteristic of vitamin D nutrition? a. Vitamin D deficiency may be created by a calcium deficiency b. Only about one-half of the world's population relies on sunlight to maintain adequate vitamin D nutrition c. Prolonged exposure to sunlight degrades the vitamin D precursor in skin, thus preventing vitamin D toxicity d. In people living in northern U.S. cities, vitamin D stores from synthesis during the summer are usually sufficient to meet the needs during the winter

c. Prolonged exposure to sunlight degrades the vitamin D precursor in skin, thus preventing vitamin D toxicity

The main function of vitamin E in the body is to act as a(n) a. peroxide b. coenzyme c. antioxidant d. free radical

c. antioxidant

The first detectable sign of vitamin A deficiency is usually a. xerosis b. xerophthalmia c. night blindness d. corneal keratinization

c. night blindness

Which of the following food substances can be converted to vitamin A in the body? a. Tryptophan b. Chlorophyll c. Xanthophyll d. Beta-carotene

d. Beta-carotene

Which of the following disorders may result from vitamin E deficiency in people? a. Rickets b. Xerophthalmia c. Muscular dystrophy d. Erythrocyte hemolysis

d. Erythrocyte hemolysis

Which of the following can the body use to synthesize vitamin D? a. Bone b. Carotene c. Tryptophan d. Exposure to sunlight

d. Exposure to sunlight