chp.9 pharm
after teaching a patient who is prescribed oral erythromycin(macrolides), the nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the patient states?
"I should drink a full 8oz glass of water when I take the medicine"
a patient comes to the ER complaining of a throbbing headache, nausea, vomiting, chest pain, dyspnea, vestigo, and blurred vision. the patient reveals that he has been taking cefaclor for an infection. what question would the nurse ask next?
"have you had any alcohol to drink in the past 72 hrs?"
what contraindications are specific to tetracyclines?
-pregnancy abnormalities - dont give to child under 8 b/c it affects teeth and bone growth
what adverse effects are specific to fluoroquinolones?
-risk of tendonitis and tendon rupture -photosensitivity
what adverse effects are specific to penicillins?
-superinfections (yeast infectons) -pain and inflammation at the injection site
a young women is found to have a soft tissue infection that is most responsive to tetracycline. your teaching plan for this woman should include?
1. dont use if pregnant 2.can make oral contraceptives ineffective 3. may experience a vaginal yeast infection
what are indications for tetracyclines?
Acne Periodontal disease Rickettsial infections & Lyme Disease Gyn infections
what are indications for macrolides?
Group A Beta-hemolytic strep Pelvic inflammatory disease Upper respiratory tract infections Intestinal abebiasis Chlamydial Infections
a patient is prescribed streptomycin (aminoglycosides). the nurse understands that this drug can be given only by what route?
IM (intramuscular)
what are the routes of administration for carbapenems?
IM injection or IV; never PO
what are the routes of administration for marcolides?
PO, IV, ointment, ophthalmic
what are indications for penicillin?
Streptococcal infections Pneumococcal infections Staphylococcal infections Syphilis, gonococcal infections
what are indications for sulfonamides?
UTIs and trachoma, pink eye
cipro, a widely used antibiotic, is an example of?
a fluoroquinolone
what contraindications are specific to aminoglycosides?
allergy to any aminoglycoside that causes.. -renal or hepatic disease - pre-existing hearing loss
what contraindications are specific to sulfonamides?
allergy to diuretics
what are cautions for the use of cephalosporins?
allergy to penicillin renal failure concurrent treatment with aminoglycosides
the penicillins
are bactericidal, interfering with bacteria cell walls
gram-negative bacteria
are mostly found in the GI and genitourinary tracts
a patient is to receive gentamicin (aminoglycoside) for treatment of an infection. what would be most important for the nurse to assess to establish a baseline?
auditory function
drug-drug interaction between cephalosporins and alcohol consumption cause?
disulfram-like reactions
drug-drug interaction between cephalosporins and oral antcoagulants cause?
increased bleeding
drug-drug interaction between cephalosporins and aminoglycosides cause?
increases the risk for nephrotoxicity
sensitivity testing
is also done to determine the antibiotic to which that particular organism is most sensitive -(which antibiotic best kills or controls the bacteria)
culture testing
is used to identify the causative organism to determine which antibiotic will effectively interfere with the specific proteins or enzyme systems for treatment of a specific infection
a patient is receiving rifampin and isoniazid in combination for treatment of tuberculosis. what would the nurse need to monitor closely?
liver function studies
what adverse effects are specific to aminoglycosides?
ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
a patient receiving a fluoroquinolone should be cautioned to anticipate?
photosensitivity
a bacteriostatic substance is one that?
prevents the growth of specific bacteria that are sensitive to the substance
an aminoglycoside antibiotic might be the drug of choice in treating?
serious infections caused by susceptible strains of gram-negative bacteria
antibiotics that are used together to increase their effectiveness and limit the associated adverse effects are said to be?
synergistic
the nurse is providing discharge teaching to a patient who is being sent home on oral tetracycline (sumycin). what instructions should the nurse include?
take the drug on an empty stomach
the drug effect on what best reflects the major reason for avoiding the use of tetracycline in children under 8yrs of age?
teeth
the goal of antibiotic therapy?
to reduce the numbers of invading bacteria so that the immune system can deal with the infection
what are indications for antimycobacterials?
tuberculosis and leprosy
the nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a patient who is receiving cephalosporins. what would the nurse identify as the most common occurring adverse effects?
vomiting and diarrhea
