Chpt. 10

e

All of the following are examples of GMOs, except ____________________. a. genetic alteration of the frost gene in Pseudomonas syringae b. genetic alteration of Pseudomonas syringae that would prevent the formation of ice crystals on plant surfaces c. insertion of an insecticide gene from Bacillus thuringiensis into Pseudomonas fluorescens d. the alteration of oncolytic adenoviruses to attack cancer cells e. the alteration of oncolytic adenoviruses to not cause colds

d

Correction or repair of a faulty gene in humans suffering from a fatal or debilitating disease is a process known as __________. a. gene cloning b. genomic fingerprinting c. RNAi medicine d. gene therapy

b

If you wanted to identify which person licked a stamp, the best method to use would be a. Microarray Analysis b. DNA Fingerprinting c. Gene Therapy d. Anti-sense RNA Gene Silencing e. Any of the above would work

b

In hybridization, a. two DNAs from the same source combine. b. DNA from two separate sources combine. c. DNA combines with complementary RNA. d. DNA is split into two separate pieces.

Reverse transcriptase

Makes a DNA copy of RNA - cDNA

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Method to amplify DNA; rapidly increases the amount of DNA in a sample

Gel electrophoresis

Separates DNA fragments based on size. DNA samples are placed on soft agar gel and subjected to an electric current.

Gene probes

Short DNA fragments of a known sequence that will base-pair with a stretch of DNA with a complementary sequence, if one exists in the sample

Hybridization

Single-stranded DNA can unite with other single-stranded DNA or RNA, and RNA can unite with other RNA. This is called _____.

T

T or F? Because the sequence of DNA nucleotides is unique for each organism, DNA fingerprinting may now be used to emphasize these differences and display the entire genome in a pattern for comparison.

T

T or F? Biotechnologists have developed and tested bacteria that may be used to clean up oil spills.

T

T or F? In the laboratory, the chemistry of DNA allows varying temperatures to be used to separate the two stands and replicate the DNA

F

T or F? One benefit of transgenic animals is that they will not automatically transcribe and translate eukaryotic genes and accurately carry out posttranslational modification of the protein.

F

T or F? Restriction enzymes cut only at specific sites and therefore are not useful for genetic engineering.

T

T or F? The joining of sticky ends involves the formation of phosphodiester bonds.

T

T or F? When a ddNTP is incorporated into a growing DNA strand during DNA synthesis, elongation will stop.

Genetic engineering

The direct, deliberate modification of an organism's genome.

Genetic engineering

The primary goal of _____ _____ is to isolate, identify, and manipulate DNA.

b

The single-stranded ends of DNA molecules can be joined together by a. restriction endonucleases. b. DNA ligase. c. DNA polymerase. d. primase. e. helicase.

b

The two strands of DNA can be separated in the laboratory by _________________. a. heating DNA to boiling b. heating DNA to just below boiling c. cooling DNA to freezing d. cooling DNA to just above freezing e. using the enzyme polymerase

d

To use a microarray, mRNA from cells of interest are first converted to ________. a. double-stranded DNA b. proteins c. tRNA d. cDNA

Biotechnology

Use of an organism's biochemical and metabolic pathways for industrial production.

a

Utilizing insulin made from recombinant DNA technology is beneficial because ________________. a. it will not cause an allergic reaction b. it is cheaper to produce c. it is quicker to produce d. it is more readily available than other forms of insulin e. it has a longer-lasting effect than other forms of insulin

c

Which of the following is a primary participant in cloning an isolated gene? a. Restriction Endonuclease b. Host Organism c. Vector d. Ligase e. All of the above

a

DNA fragments move through the gel during electrophoresis according to their a. Size b. Charge c. Sequence d. Orientation

c

Human DNA cut with restriction enzyme A can be joined to a. human DNA cut with restriction enzyme B. b. human DNA that is uncut. c. bacterial DNA cut with restriction enzyme A. d. bacterial DNA that is uncut.

b

Please choose the statement that best describes the role of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering. a. Restriction enzymes are used to replicate specific sequences of DNA. b. Restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA at specific locations. c. Restriction enzymes are used to join different segments of DNA. d. Restriction enzymes are used to sequence long stretches of DNA. e. Restriction enzymes are used to purify DNA.

d

Which of the following could NOT be the recognition site of a restriction endonculease? a. gaattc cttaag b. atcgat tagcta c. ctgcag gacgtc d. gcttgc cgaacg e. ggatcc cctagg

c

Which of the following is NOT a type of protein product obtained through recombinant DNA technology? a. immune treatments b. hormones c. antibiotics d. enzymes e. vaccines

e

Please choose the statement that describes the purpose of DNA microarray analysis. a. DNA microarray analysis is used to identify specific sequences of DNA. b. DNA microarray analysis is used to amplify specific sequences of DNA. c. DNA microarray analysis is used to determine the nucleotide sequence of DNA. d. DNA microarray analysis is used to prepare a DNA profile. e. DNA microarray analysis is used to determine which genes are being transcribed.

-Forensics, detection of genetic disease, identifying microorganisms, determining parentage

Please select all of the possible applications of DNA fingerprinting to test your understanding of several applications of DNA fingerprinting. Check All That Apply -forensics -detection of genetic disease -identifying microorganisms -determining parentage -replacing defective genes

a

Which of the following is NOT one of the most reliable methods of DNA fingerprinting? a. polymerase chain reaction b. short tandem repeats c. mitotyping d. single nucleotide polymorphisms

b

Which of the following techniques utilizes an electric current and the fact that DNA molecules are negatively charged? a. hybridization and gene probes b. gel electrophoresis c. replication d. restriction endonucleases

Southern Blot Method

_____ _____ method- DNA fragments are separated by electrophoresis, denatured, and then incubated with DNA probes. Probes will attach to a complementary segment if present.

Restriction endonucleases

_____ _____ recognize specific sequences of DNA and break phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides. The enzymes can be used to cleave DNA at desired sites. Recognize and clip the DNA at palindrome base sequences. Used in the lab to cut DNA into smaller pieces

Microarray analysis

_____ analysis is used to track the expression of thousands of genes; used to identify and devise treatments for diseases based on the genetic profile of the disease

b

______ are excellent cloning vectors because they are small, well characterized, easy to manipulate, and can be transferred into appropriate host cells through transformation. a. Restriction enzymes b. Plasmids c. Viruses d. Eukaryotic chromosomes