chpt13psy

The _____ includes a lie scale that tried to assess the extent to which a person is faking to make a good impression.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

_____ emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard in healthy personality development.

Rogers

In a psychology class debate on the social-cognitive perspective, students need to take the opposing view and rebut its positive aspects. Which potential criticism of the social-cognitive perspective might they cite?

This perspective focuses too much on the situation and fails to appreciate a person's inner traits.

The Big Five personality factors are reported to have a heritability of approximately _____ percent for each dimension.

40

There is evidence that behavior is the result of the interplay between external and internal influences, and that behavior is the product of biology, social experience, and unconscious thought processes. This evidence suggests that personality should be studied from a _____ approach.

biopsychosocial

Freudian and humanistic theorists sought to _____ personality; trait theorists sought to ____ personality

explain; describe

This Big Five personality factor involves these endpoints: sociable versus retiring and affectionate versus reserved. Sophia is sociable, fun-loving, and affectionate. She would likely score very high on a personality test that measures _____.

extraversion

Brain activity scans suggest that people who are _____ seek stimulation because their normal brain arousal is relatively low and the frontal lobe is less active.

extraverted

Psychologists would use _____ to assess whether a single personality trait is reflected in a cluster of characteristics (for example, ambition, determination, persistence, and self-reliance).

factor analysis

The brain's _____ lobe is larger among those who score high in conscientiousness than among those who score lower.

frontal

When people's genetically influenced traits evoke specific responses from others that then nudge them in a particular direction, what is involved?

gene-environment interaction

Juan loves horseback riding. Which choice exemplifies an internal personal factor associated with horseback riding for Juan?

his thoughts and feelings about riding horses

Stable personality differences are found:

in many types of species.

Between 1975 and 2006, entering college students in the United States have demonstrated _____ self-esteem and _____ optimism.

increased; increased

Todd tends to be calm, secure, imaginative, and independent. On the Big Five traits, he likely scores _____ on neuroticism and _____ on openness.

low; high

Seth is young man who considers himself to very successful, and who enjoys the finer things in life. He makes a lot of money and spends it on clothes, cars, gambling, and women. Most psychologists would agree that Seth seems to display a high level of:

narcissism

Vincent is a famous rock musician from the 1980s. Even though he has not had a popular hit in more than 25 years, he has his own reality television show and a line of cologne. His psychologist thinks he displays excessive self-love and self-absorption and believes Vincent displays a high level of:

narcissism

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a(n) _____ test.

objective

The MMPI is to the Rorschach inkblot test as _____ is to _____.

objective; subjective

Dr. Chen has a patient who has lost all feeling in his left hand. To determine the cause, Dr. Chen asks the patient to relax and say whatever comes to mind, no matter what it is. Dr. Chen is:

performing free association.

Which choice incorrectly pairs a personality theory with a proponent?

psychoanalytic—Allport

Bruno often acts overly confident and daring. Few people realize he is actually riddled with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt. Bruno BEST illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as _____.

reaction formation

Joshua's history of romantic relationships influences his attitudes toward romantic relationships, which changes how he now responds to his current girlfriend. This is an example of:

reciprocal determinism.

Lately, Harold and Grant cannot get along. Harold often expects the worst of people, and yesterday he thought Grant was angry at him. As a result, Harold ignored Grant's phone calls and other attempts at conversation, angering Grant. But in truth, Harold created the situation to which he was reacting. This is an example of:

reciprocal determinism.

The _____ refers to all the thoughts and feelings an individual has in response to the question, "Who am I?

self-concept

According to Abraham Maslow, the desire for identity, meaning, and purpose beyond the self refers to the motive for:

self-transcendence.

Reciprocal determinism involves environmental, behavioral, and internal factors that are proposed by the _____ perspective.

social-cognitive

The _____ perspective involves reciprocal determinism.

social-cognitive

When Vanessa noticed she was wearing mismatched socks, she overestimated the extent to which others would also notice. Her reaction BEST illustrates:

the spotlight effect.

Despite the prevalence of the self-serving bias, people put themselves down for different reasons. Which choice is NOT one of those reasons?

to agree with the negative comments from others