CHS 701 Quizzes
Defining social determinants of health such as teen pregnancy and homelessness as "public health problems" is considered...
hygienization.
Research on the utilization of formal medical services demonstrates that:
infants and children use medical services more often than adults.
Communicating with one's healthcare provider is considered a(n) ___________-level factor influencing health behavior.
interpersonal
The Social Cognitive Theory operates within the _______-level of the social ecological model.
interpersonal
Informal forms of social control include all of the following except ...
laws.
Infant mortality rate (IMR) is defined as the total number of deaths among infants in the first year of life:
per 1,000 live births
Illness behavior includes all of the following except:
screening for diseases in one's family history
According to labeling theory, one potential consequence of labeling includes that an individual's or group's self-image can become altered and organized around their "differentness." This is known as...
secondary deviance
Confidence in one's ability to perform a health behavior is referred to as:
self-efficacy
Health behavior includes all of the following except:
tertiary prevention
National-level legislation and programs that have specifically aimed to promote healthy aging include ________. (Check all that apply.)
the 1924 Social Security Act the 1965 Older Americans Act Medicare
Medicalization is best described as...
when nonmedical problems are defined and treated as medical problems.
The Health Belief Model posits that the decision to take action to protect one's health is determined by all of the following factors except...
whether people consider themselves to be capable of taking action.
Adolescence begins...
with the onset of puberty
Research on explanatory models of illness is associated with which SBS discipline?
Anthropology
Which of the following statements is true about proximal vs. distal interventions?
Distal interventions are more challenging and costly to implement.
Select an example of a psychological factor related to asthma.
Exposure to violence
"Preventive gerontology" refers to health screening programs for persons 50 and older.
False
Countries with more income inequality have a higher life expectancy than countries in which there is a smaller gap between the upper- and lower-income range of its residents.
False
Illness behavior refers to how healthcare practitioners treat an individual diagnosed with a chronic disease.
False
In the Causal Continuum, distal factors tend to be more amenable to change than proximal factors. Consequently, distal factors are most often the target of health promotion interventions.
False
Models explain and predict phenomena whereas theories organize and demonstrate relationships for a domain of phenomena.
False
Structural stigma refers to an individual's emotional experience of feeling shame, embarrassment, or low self-esteem as a consequence of the stigma experience.
False
The Industrial Revolution began in the 20th century.
False
The United States has low adolescent childbearing rates compared to most other more developed (i.e., high income) countries
False
Throughout the world, men usually live longer than women.
False
If I have car problems, I know someone who can give me a ride. This is an example of what type of social support?
Instrumental
Health-related stigma can impact an individual with a stigmatized condition through which of the following social-ecological levels (check all that apply)?
Intrapersonal Interpersonal Community Societal
The concept of "intercultural influence" refers to which of the following?
Mutual interaction among multiple cultural groups
Compression of morbidity refers to which of the following?
People stay healthy as long as possible until the end of life.
Which of the following is not an important principle of reproductive health?
Reproductive health applies only to child-bearing people aged 15-44 years.
Social science can inform health policy through which of the following?
Research
___________ is one of the strongest and most consistent predictors of morbidity and premature mortality.
Socioeconomic status
Which of the following examples illustrate how collective decisions can have a positive influence on public health? (Select all that apply.)
Stigmatization of smoking
According to the "Cholera in Ecuador" Case Study in Chapter 16, researchers believed the decentralization of responsibilities associated with national neoliberal reform in Ecuador resulted in an increased burden on local communities to provide clean water and sanitation to their residents.
True
The concept of self-efficacy is a core component of Social Cognitive Theory.
True
There is a growing body of research demonstrating that intrauterine, childhood, and adult health, disease, and injury events are connected to late-life functional status and morbidity.
True
An important aspect of social capital is which of the following?
Trust and reciprocity
Which of the following public health measures was not widely used prior to the Sanitary Awakening?
Vector control
Having a regular source of healthcare is considered a(n) ___________-level factor influencing health behavior.
contextual
In developing countries, what is the average total fertility?
3-5 lifetime births per woman
According to the "Disaster Research in Ecuador" Case Study in Chapter 16, the 26,000 residents in the evacuation area were given ______ to leave the area.
36 hours
According to the "Health Research in Cuba" Case Study in Chapter 16, in 1962, the Cuban government introduced an innovative form of municipal polyclinic that staffed which of the following? (Check all that apply.)
A general-practice physician A nurse An obstetrician/gynecologist A pediatrician A social worker
Lack of U.S. data on poverty and health can be attributed to which of the following factors?
Americans are uncomfortable with social class differences.
In a social marketing campaign to promote breastfeeding, planners identify three target groups. This illustrates which component of social marketing?
Audience segmentation
Which of the following list of characteristics is particularly important for teens during adolescent development?
Autonomy, body image, peer group, identity development
The Social Ecology of Health Model takes a multi-level approach to understanding the etiology of health outcomes. Another model that takes a similar multi-level approach is:
Biopsychosocial Model
Primary prevention of which of the following conditions during the first 50 years of life can help to promote healthy aging? (Check all that apply.)
Cardiovascular disease Cancer Osteoarthritis
According to the "Disaster Research in Ecuador" Case Study in Chapter 16, the research findings were used to inform ___________ policies.
Civil defense and evacuation
An example of a social environmental factor related to health at the interpersonal level is:
Close friend
Which of the following is a good example of the application of the "syndemic" concept to adolescent health?
Co-occurring behaviors such as substance abuse, violence, and AIDS
Research on neighborhood influences on health illustrate which level of the social environment?
Community
An important finding of the case study on applying the ecological model to formative research for a WIC training program in New York State was that the study design did not adequately address which of the following components?
Community- and policy-level factors
Critics have challenged which of the following assumptions about cultural competence?
Cultural competence training reduces health disparities.
What was the most significant public health consequence of the Neolithic Revolution?
Densely settled populations that sustained infectious diseases
Cultural competence applies only to interactions with racial and ethnic minorities.
False
Fertility rates are highest in the most developed (i.e., highest income) countries.
False
Health disparities by race and ethnicity can be entirely explained by the differences in socioeconomic status across racial/ethnic lines in the United States.
False
Health problems attributed to situational deviance are often more stigmatized than health problems attributed to normative deviance.
False
Older adults are less likely to have an "atypical presentation" of symptoms of an illness or health condition than younger adults.
False
Western medicine traditionally gives equal wait to results from laboratory tests and patients' reports of their experiences and symptoms.
False
The health disadvantages of men compared to women have been attributed to which of the following?
Gender roles
Going to the doctor for an annual check-up is an example of which of the following?
Health behavior
According to the "Health Research in Cuba" Case Study in Chapter 16, the development of the Cuban health care system was shaped by which of the following assumptions that were central to the Revolution? (Check all that apply.)
Health is the responsibility of the state Health is a social as well as a biological issue Health is a national priority, requiring participation from all sectors of the government and civil society
Which of the following statements is not true regarding ethnic disparities in diabetes rates?
Hispanics/Latinos have lower rates of diabetes than non-Hispanic whites.
The Hispanic Health Paradox is best explained as which of the following?
Mexican Americans have demonstrated better health outcomes than other socioeconomically disadvantaged minority groups in the areas of infant mortality, LBW and preterm births, life expectancy, and mortality from cardiovascular diseases and several major types of cancer.
An organization's mission statement is part of its:
Organizational culture
The culture of public health is an example of which of the following?
Organizational culture
County health departments often give priority to programs that meet client needs regardless of the profitability of those programs. This characteristic reflects which of the following components of organizational culture?
Organizational values
Which of the following are examples of primary prevention?
Programs to promote physical exercise
Which of the following statements about adherence to therapeutic regimens is not correct?
Providers tend to overemphasize the role of communication with the patient as an explanation for nonadherence.
Which of these is an example of collective behavior in response to disease?
Scapegoating of Jews during the Black Death
Which of the following illustrates a community-level influence on adolescent tobacco use?
School culture that is tolerant or restrictive of smoking
A person's expectation about their ability to successfully carry out a behavior is called what?
Self-efficacy
Which theory, developed by Bandura, posits that healthy functioning is determined by interactions among behavioral, physiological, and cognitive factors and the environment and assumes that self-efficacy is the perception of being able to accomplish objectives necessary to obtain a desired outcome?
Social Cognitive Theory
Looking at how family relationships impact the etiology of health problems illustrates which of the following?
Study of the social environment and health
Which of the following milestones in the history of social sciences in public health launched the health behavior change paradigm for public health intervention?
The Health Belief Model
The "New Public Health Paradigm" resulted from what conceptual model of health?
The environmental sanitation approach
According to the "Disaster Research in Ecuador" Case Study in Chapter 16, policymakers should situate their policies both in the lived realities of daily life of the affected individuals as well as in the larger political and economic context.
True
According to the "Health Research in Cuba" Case Study in Chapter 16, the most fundamental change initiated by the family doctor program was this innovation of having a doctor and nurse live in the neighborhood (of approximately 120-150 families) for which they were responsible.
True
According to the textbook, sex refers to the biological aspects of maleness and femaleness whereas gender refers to the social aspects of maleness and femaleness.
True
Countries with broad access to highly effective contraceptives and comprehensive sexual health education historically have low abortion rates.
True
Due to the complexity of interacting factors across social ecological levels, studies attempting to isolate individual-level risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) development have found inconsistent results.
True
Perceived quality of life (QOL) has two domains: health-related QOL and non-health-related QOL..
True
According to the "Health Research in Cuba" Case Study in Chapter 16, in 1962, the Cuban government introduced an innovative form of municipal polyclinic that was responsible for providing healthcare for which of the following? (Check all that apply.)
Workplaces Childcare centers Homes Neighborhoods
The identified behaviors and environmental conditions implicated in the spread of cholera in the "Cholera in Ecuador" Case Study in Chapter 16 included all of the following except ________.
adding chlorine to water prior to use for cooking in the home.
An evolutionary perspective on reproductive cancers highlights the importance of changes in:
age at menarche
According to the research findings in Chapter 5, all of the following strategies have been demonstrated to improve patient adherence to medical therapies in disease management except:
allowing the patient to create their own regimen plans.
Multiple jeopardy refers to the risk and vulnerability of ________.
being both an older member of a society as well as a member of a minority population
The top cause(s) of morbidity and mortality in adolescence include all of the following except...
cancer
In the U.S., cultural diversity has often been conflated with which of the following?
census category
Social capital is considered a(n) ____________-level influence of health.
community
Support groups are considered a(n) ____________-level influence of health.
community
The interdisciplinary field of study that examines current-day medical problems from the perspective of how ancient patterns of life continue to influence health and illness is:
evolutionary medicine
Western medicine typically reflects traditional core values of Western culture including all of the following except...
external locus of control
All of the following are examples of proximal variables in the Causal Continuum except...
family structure
Dementia can be caused by ________. (Check all that apply.)
long-term chemical destruction of brain cells a large number of small strokes that kill brain cells intoxication traumatic brain injury overmedication
Socioeconomic status is commonly measured by all of the following except...
social support.
Examples of community-level resources that make up the "aging network" include ________. (Check all that apply.)
the Older Americans Act. respite care programs for caregiver relief. nutritional support programs such as "Meals on Wheels". senior adult day care programs.
According to the Theory of Planned Behavior, for an individual to successfully carry out a behavior, she needs all of the following except....
the belief that the benefits of carrying out the behavior will outweigh the risks.