CI: PT apps 2

15. Which is NOT a characteristic of isometric exercise? a. contractions should be held for at least 12 seconds to obtain adaptive changes in the muscle b. occurs when a muscle contracts without a length change C. resistance is variable and accommodating d. strengthening is developed at a point in the range, not over entire length of muscles

A. 6-10 seconds dapat Isometric contraction: -contractions should be held for at least 6-10 seconds to obtain adaptive changes in the muscle; no longer than 10 seconds daw dapat -occurs when a muscle contracts without a length change -resistance is variable and accommodating (kasi hindi lang sa mga pts na weak ang muscle indicated ang isometrics) -strengthening is developed at a point in the range, not over entire length of muscles (multiple angle isometrics, muscle is exercised at different ranges)

91. A 16-year-old high school student was being evaluated for scoliosis. On standing, a right thoracolumbar curve was present but when seated it disappeared. This is MOST LIKELY due to: a. leg length discrepancy b. unilateral weak gluteus medius C. short iliopsoas muscle d. lumbar facet dysfunction

A. apparent LLD

63. The following are symptoms of a rotator cuff tear, EXCEPT: a. reduction of ROM b. drop arm test is positive C. poor scapula thoracic and glenohumeral rhythm d. significant reduction of AROM into abduction

A. ito daw kasi pinakavague na choice

5. A study of the local population was necessary to determine the need for a geriatric center in the area. The Pts performing the study divided the population by sex and selected a random sample from each group. This is an example of what type of sampling? a. random cluster b. stratified random C. systematic random d. 2 step cluster

B.

100. A PT is instructing a stroke patient with gait training, PT noted that learning is going well because errors are decreasing and overall endurance is improving. The BEST strategy to promote continued motor learning at this time in the patient's rehabilitation is to: a. intervene early whenever errors appear before bad habits become firmly entrenched b. have the patient practice walking in different environments c. provide continuous feedback after every walking trial d. have the patient continue to practice in the parallel bars until all errors are gone

B.

27. The PT of an elderly patient with a stage III decubitus ulcer on the plantar surface of the right foot is applying electrical stimulation after trying conservative treatment without much success. The BEST choice for electric current in this condition is: a. low voltage biphasic pulsed b. high voltage monophasic pulsed c. medium frequency interferential d. medium frequency burst

B.

9. A PT goes over a research study that examines knee flexion ROM two weeks following arthroscopic surgery. Granting knee flexion ROM two weeks after arthroscopic surgery is a normally distributed variable, what percentage of patients in the population would achieve a goniometric measurement value between the mean and one standard deviation above the mean? a. 68 b. 34 C. 14 d. 48

B. 34: one standard deviation above the mean A. 68: kung one standard deviation below the mean Bell curves: [MPL] -Mesokurtic curve: normal distribution of scores -Platykurtic curve: scores are far apart [almost plat "flat" yung curve] -Leptokurtic curve: concentrated Skewness: -Positively skewed: skew to the R, majority are below the average score [positively screwed, madami nabagsak] -Negatively skewed: skew to the L, majority are above the average score

53. Patient is a 55-year-old female status post removal of lymph nodes in the axilla secondary to cancer. You apply mechanical intermittent compression and massage. For best results with massage, this technique is implemented this way: a. massage the distal segment first b. massage the proximal segment first C. massage the axillary region first d. massage applied only every other day

B. Proximal segment bago distal segment tapos ang direction of compression is distal to proximal

77. While a patient recovering from a spinal cord injury was attending his exercise session, he declared that he will walk again. Which of these injuries would make functional ambulation MOST unrealistic? a. Brown-Sequard syndrome b. complete T9 paraplegia C. posterior cord syndrome d. cauda equine injury

B. SOTAHACA

56. A PT Observes an electrocardiogram of a patient on beta-blockers. Which of the following electrocardiogram changes could be facilitated by beta-blockers? a. premature ventricular contractions b. sinus bradycardia C. ST segment sagging d. sinus tachycardia

B. [Beta Blocker= Bagal Bradycardia]

54. The PRIMARY absolute cardiac contraindication to exercise testing is: a. untreated life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias b. unstable angina with recent chest pain c. advanced atrioventricular block d. uncompensated congestive heart failure

B. ito yung pinakadelikado sa lahat ng contraindications Kung merong "except" letter C. sagot

50. You are evaluating a 63-year-old housewife with peripheral vascular disease. She complains of intermittent claudication and frequently complains of getting tired. The MOST important treatment goal is to increase a. mobility b. lower extremity strength c. collateral circulation d. range of motion

C.

58. Bluish discoloration of the skin and nailbeds of fingers and toes along with palms. That and cold and mist all point to: a. liver disease b. hypothyroidism c. cyanosis d. carotenemia

C.

60. A patient 4 months post total knee replacement is referred for ROM and strengthening exercises. Which strategy would NOT be appropriate for the patient? a. active strengthening using the contract-relax technique b. exercise on a stationary bicycle against mild resistance c. joint mobility to increase joint play d. performing straight leg raising, short are extension and knee flexion exercise using light weights

C.

79. A 65-year-old male with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was referred to PT. Pulmonary testing reveals that forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEVI) and vital capacity (VC) are within 60 percent of predicted values. What is the correct exercise prescription? a. exercise at 75-80 percent of the target heart rate, 7 times per week b. exercise at 75-80 percent of the target heart rate, 3 times per week c. begin exercise with levels of 1.5 METS and increase slowly, 7 times per week d. begin exercise with levels of 1.5 METS and exercise slowly, 3 times per week

C. 1.5 mets example eating GOLD classification of COPD [80LD] [80 50 30 30] 1: mild; FEV1 > 80% predicted 2: moderate; 50% < FEV 1 < 80% predicted 3: severe; 30% < FEV 1 < 50% predicted 4: very severe; FEV 1 < 30% predicted

94. A PT is prescribing a wheelchair for his 68-year-old patient who is 5ft. 7 inches tall. The MOST useful feature to include in the prescription is: a. desk armrests b. a 20 in. seat height C. a 17.5 in. seat height d. elevating leg rests

C. meron daw hemiplegia yung sa question

52. The treatment of lower extremity edema with intermittent pneumatic compression is MOST appropriate in this condition. a. acute thrombophlebitis b. core pulmonale C. post operative inguinal node dissection d. portal hypertension

C. prone to edema

23. PT records the parameters of an electrical stimulation treatment in a patient's medical record. The standard unit of measure when recording alternating current frequency is: a. volt b. coulomb C. pulses per second d. hertz

D. Hz (unit of measurement); "alternating current FREQUENCY" PPS=Frequency A. volt: driving force of electrons B. coloumb: quantity of electrons

45. Vibration is often used to facilitate muscle tone in children with Down Syndrome. The muscle group MOST in need of facilitation are a. neck and back flexors and extensors, elbow extensors and knee flexors and extensors b. back extensors, elbow flexors and extensors, hip adductors and knee extensors c. neck flexors and extensors, trunk flexors, hip adductors and knee extensors d. neck and back extensors, elbow extensors hip abductors and knee extensors

D. facilitate neck and back extensors, elbow extensors, hip abductors and knee extensors: para maprevent stooped posturing, and w-sitting

99. A PT should have adequate understanding of the normal development of the human body to treat effectively and efficiently. Which of the following principles is INCORRECT? a. early motor activity is influenced primarily by reflexes b. motor control develops from proximal to distal and from head to toe C. early motor activity is influenced by spontaneous activity d. increasing motor ability is independent of motor learning

D. is dependent

89. The following prosthetic causes may result in vaulting during gait of an amputee, EXCEPT: a. prosthesis may be too long b. excessive alignment stability C. inadequate socket suspension d. foot in inadequate plantarflexion

D. should be excessive PF Vaulting causes: -Prosthesis too long -inadequate socket suspension -excessive alignment stability -Insufficient knee friction [kasi ayaw niya magterminal impact yung knee jt ng prosthesis]

93. The following prosthetic causes may result in rotation of forefoot at heel strike of an amputee, EXCEPT: a. excessive toe-out built in b. rigid SACH heel cushion c. excessive suspension d. loose fitting socket

C.

7. In research it is a concept in statistical test referring to which data have the capacity to vary once certain limits have been imposed. a. coefficient of concordance b. degree of freedom C. t value d. p value

B. Degree of freedom: (number of values) minus 1 Ex. 1, 2, 3, 15 Degree of freedom: 4 values minus 1= 3

95. Because of a traumatic brain injury, a patient is unable to bring foot up into the next step during stair climbing. The PT'S BEST strategy to promote learning the task is to have patient do: a. step-ups into a low step while in parallel bars b. standing up from halt kneeling C. balancing of stairs while PT brings the foot up d. marching in place between parallel bars

A.

47. A PT received a referral for a patient behaving like an autistic child. During evaluation, what is the MOST pertinent factor that can be observed in the patient? a. defensive when touched b. responsive to most but not all commands c. quiet and did not want to separate from the mother d. delayed in gross motor skills

A.

61. A 16-year-old female dancer complains of subpatellar pain after 2 weeks of vigorous rehearsal for a hip-hop competition. PT's evaluation shows a large Q angle, pain on palpation at the inferior pole of the patella and mild swelling at both knees. The BEST strategy for this condition is: a. Vastus medialis (VM) muscle strengthening b. taping to increase lateral patellar tracking c. hamstring strengthening d. vastus lateralis strengthening

A.

73. The maximum strength of a tetanic contraction of a muscle operating at a normal length is approximately of a muscle. a. 3.5 kg/sq cm b. 5.5 kg/sq cm C. 1.5 kg/sq cm d. 2.5 kg/sq cm

A.

84. Crutches for an elderly hip fracture patient might differ from those forthe young paraplegic patient of the same height in that: a. they would have suction tips for greater safety renadding at the axillary piece b. there would be no more padding at the axillary piece c. they would be shorter d. the hand piece would be lower

A.

92. A PT reviews a laboratory result of an inpatient who sustained burns over 25 percent of her body in a fire. Granting the patient exhibits hypovolemia, which of the following laboratory values would be MOST significantly affected? a. hematocrit b. prothrombin time c. erythrocyte sedimentation rate d. oxygen saturation rate

A.

59. Patient is unable to take in an adequate supply of nutrients by mouth due to side effects of radiation. Patient's physician orders tube feeding. Which type of tube is MOST commonly used for short term feeding? a. tracheostomy b. endotracheal C. endobronchial d. nasogastric

D.

40. Which of the following is widely considered the MOST accurate body composition assessment? a. hydrostatic weighing b. eyeballing method C. electrical impedance d. anthropometric measurements

A.

41. A PT designs a research work that will examine body composition as a function of aerobic exercise and diet. Which method of data collection would provide the MOST Valid measurement of body composition? a. hydrostatic weighing b. bioelectrical impedance C. skinfold measurements d. anthropometric measurements

A.

18. Depending on the size of the body area immersed and the patient's physical status, an effective hot or very hot whirlpool may range from 103 degrees F to 115 degrees F. In centigrade this will be equivalent to _degrees C a. 39.9 - 46.1 b. 38.8 - 44.1 C. 40.2 - 43.2 d. 36.5 - 42.1

A. F= (Cx1.8) + 32 [Fck and multiply (1.8) til 32] C= (F-32) / 1.8 [Cellular division (1.8)]

17. Which of these statements on the center of buoyancy should NOT be considered when designing a pool program for a patient who underwent a below knee amputation? a. In the vertical position, posteriorly placed buoyancy devices will cause the patient to lean backward, anterior buoyancy will cause the patient to lean forward b. A patient with a unilateral lower extremity amputation will lean toward the residual limb side in a vertical position C. During unilateral manual resistance exercises the patient revolves around the therapist in a circular motion d. In the vertical position, the human center of buoyancy is located at the sternum

A. In the vertical position, posteriorly placed buoyancy devices will cause the patient to lean forward, anterior buoyancy will cause the patient to lean backward Weight bearing with immersion at different levels of our body C7: 10% [1 for vertebral column, 0 for C7 (encircle mo C7] Xiphoid process: 33% [gawa ka 3 from L boob to R boob] ASIS: 50% [A5I5] Amount of weight loss during water immersion at different levels of our bodySymphysis pubis:Umbilicus:Xiphoid process: [4, 5, 6 SUX; six sux]; mas accurate daw ito kaysa sa weight bearing with immersion thing Symphysis pubis: 40% Umbilicus: 50% Xiphoid process: 60%

4. A study of a local community population was necessary to determine the need for a Senior's Day care center in the area. The PT performing the study divided the population by sex and selected a random sample from each group. This is an example of what type of sampling? a. stratified random sample b. random cluster sample C. systematic random sample d. two stage cluster sample

A. Stratified random sampling: divided according to characteristic of sample (sex, appearance, wt, etc.) B. random cluster sample: divided according to area/region of sample C. systematic random sample: every nth number ang sample D. two stage cluster sample same sa random cluster sample pero dapat equal number of sample from each area/region [kumbaga combination siya ng stratified random at random cluster]

85. Which of these disease processes will not help from percussion and shaking? a. pulmonary fibrosis b. bacterial pneumonia C. bronchiectasis d. cystic fibrosis

A. kasi wala itong secretions

33. A 75-year-old male patient with persistent balance difficulty and a history of recent falls (2 in the past month) is referred for evaluation and management. During the initial session, it is important to examine the: a. level of dyspnea during functional transfers b. sensory losses and sensory organization of balance C. spinal musculoskeletal changes secondary to degenerative joint disease (DJD) d. cardiovascular endurance during a 5-minute walking test

B.

70. A TBI injured patient is sometimes disoriented to time and place, has poor memory for recent events and almost no carry over for new learning. The MOST important goal in this case is: a. different daily tasks to increase ease of cognitive retrieval b. daily structure to reduce distraction c. independence to tasks with varying environments d. increase arousal and attention through sensory stimulation

B.

82. A patient with a deep partial thickness burns over 30% of the body is referred to PT from the Burn Unit. The expected healing process in this type of burn includes: a. moderate edema with spontaneous healing and minimal grafting b. depressed skin area that heals with grafting and scarring C. marked edema with slow healing and extensive hypertrophic scarring d. blisters and minimal edema with spontaneous healing

C. 2nd degree burn percentage Minor: < 15% Moderate: 15-30% [15 x 2 (2nd degree)] Major/severe: > 30% 3rd degree burn percentage Minor: < 2% Moderate: 2-10% Major/severe: > 10% Deep partial thickness burn: damage to epidermis and most of the the dermis -Little to no pain d/t total damage of the free nn endings -Waxy white or red [isipin mo waxy appearance dahil sa broken blisters] -Marked edema -Broken blisters, wet surface (+) Blanching -Formation of raised scars (hypertrophic and keloid): maturation of scars take 2 years -Healing period: 21-35 days

42. A newborn with whole arm paralysis resulting from a traction injury at birth was referred to physical therapy. The initial plan of care for the patient should include: a. passive mobilization of the shoulder in overhead motions b. age-appropriate task training of the upper extremity C. splinting the shoulder in abduction and internal rotation d. partial immobilization of the limb across the abdomen, followed by gentle ROM after immobilization

D. a. passive mobilization of the shoulder in overhead motions: contraindicated b. age-appropriate task training of the upper extremity: progression exercise C. splinting the shoulder in abduction and internal rotation: will promote contracture

65. A 64-year-old patient will undergo total hip replacement in a week. Which of these is NOT included among pre operative instructions? a. gait training with an appropriate device that will be used post operatively b. deep breathing and coughing exercise c. basic precautions for early bed mobility d. proper use of an abduction pillow for 1-2 weeks post operatively

D. kasi yung sa question is mga gagawin pre-operatively; tapos itong choice is tinuturo after operation na

49. A 67-year-old female is referred to PT because of severe claudication occurring after walking more than 200 feet, muscle fatigue and cramped of both calf muscles. A closer look yielded a pale and shiny skin with some trophic nail changes. The BEST strategy is: a. begin with interval walking exercising just to the point of pain b. avoid exercise stress until patient is on medication for at least 1 week C. non-weight bearing exercises like cycle ergometer d. walking program of moderate intensity

A.

57. A PT discusses the importance of a proper diet with a patient diagnosed with a congestive heart failure. Which of the following substance would MOST likely be restricted in the patient's diet? a. sodium b. low-density lipoprotein C. high-density lipoprotein d. triglycerides

A.

48. A newborn is 5 weeks premature and evaluated at birth using the APGAR test. The APGAR score that may result in a possible neurological complication is: a. 3 at 10 minutes b. 9 at 1 minute C. 8 at 5 minutes d. 8 at 1 minute

A. APGAR: measured 3 times after 1 minute, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes; kung (+) abnormalities, check again every 5 minutes after the 10 minutes Appearance score in APGAR 0: Blue extremities and trunk 1: Blue extremities and pink trunk (kasi nasa chest man located ang heart, better circulation) 2: Pink extremities and trunk Pulse score in APGAR 0: (-) 1: < 100 bpm 2: > 100 Grimace/reflex irritability score in APGAR 0: (-) 1: Grimace: slight facial reaction 2: Cries/coughs/sneezes Activity score in APGAR 0: (-) or limp 1: Slight flexor tone 2: Spontaneous activity Respiration score in APGAR 0: (-) 1: Slow and irregular 2: Cries APGAR scoring Normal: 7-10 Mild respiratory depression: 7-9 Moderate respiratory depression: 3-6 Severe respiratory depression: 1-2 Dead: 0

72. A 28 year old fast food delivery man figured in a bad vehicular accident that landed him in the intensive care unit. Patient is confused. His laboratory findings include: hematocrit -28 percent, hemoglobin - 10 g/100 mL and serum white blood cell count of 12,000/m3. With these, the PT can say that: a. all values are abnormal b. only hematocrit value is abnormal c. hematocrit and hemoglobin values are abnormal; WBC is normal d. only serum and WBC is abnormal

A. Male Hct: 42-52% Hgb: 14-18 g/dL Female Hct: 37-42% Hgb: 12-16 g/dL

10. A patient fatigues easily while performing progressive resistive exercises. Which of the following exercise techniques will produce LESS fatigue? a. Oxford b. De Lorme C. Brandon d. Borg

A. [deloooooorme, oxford; increasing delorme, decreasing oxford] Delorme training regiment: Increasing in intensity; builds warm up 1st set: 50% of 10 repetition maximum (RM, amount of load that can be carried for specific amount number of repetition) 2nd set: 75% of 10 RM 3rd set: 100% of 10 RM Oxford training regiment: Decreasing in intensity; common for patients who are easily fatigable (MS), or sedentary lifestyle 1st set: 100% of 10 RM 2nd set: 75% of 10 RM 3rd set: 50% of 10 RM

13. The MOST effective energy utilization takes place in contraction. a. eccentric b. isometric C. concentric d. isokinetic

A. At what length can a ms generate the highest ms tension? -Resting length; not the fully shortened position, nor fully lengthened position *When a prime mover (agonist) becomes shortened to the point that it cannot generate or maintain active tension, active insufficiency is reached *When the opposing muscle (antagonist) is stretched to a point where it can no longer lengthen and allow further movement, passive insufficiency is reached At what velocity can a ms generate the highest tension? Fast eccentric > slow eccentric > isometric > slow concentric > fast concentric

69. A PT is evaluating the gait of a 5-year-old girl. PT notices that the child is unsteady and has a wide base support. She appears to lurch at times with minimal truncal bobbing in an anterior and posterior position. The child cannot maintain standing position with the feet placed together for more than 5 seconds. The area of the brain MOST LIKELY affected is the: a. cerebellar atmosphere b. substantia nigra C. corticospinal tracts d. basal ganglia

A. Cereballar manifestations: [HAT NG DR. DADI] Paleocerebellum: [HAT] Hypotonia Asthenia: generalized muscle weakness Truncal ataxia Archicerebellum: [NG] Nystagmus [loss of balance ng mga pupils] Gait ataxia Neocerebellum: [DR. DADI] Dysdiadochokinesia Rebound phenomenon: kung magresist ka sa isang limb, tapos tanggalin mo resistance, exaggerated yung rebound ng limb Dyssynergia Asynergia Dysmetria Intention tremor

28. Froment's sign is a test used to determine function of the: a. ulnar b. axillary C. median d. radial

A. Froment's paper sign -Pt holds paper between thumb and palm -PT will pull the paper (+) pt performs IP flexion et MCP hyperextension -Ulnar nn pathology, adductor pollicis [udductor pollicis] is not functioning hence FPL will compensate to keep the paper in place

67. A 43 year old male worker suffered carbon monoxide poisoning in a chemical plant. He sustained permanent damage to the nervous system affecting the basal ganglia. The exercise program should be feared to neutralize expected impairment of: a. motor planning with use of guided and cued movement b. motor paralysis with the use of full weights to increase strength c. muscular spasms and hyperreflexia with ice wrap application d. impaired sensory organization of balance using standing balance training

A. General functions of the basal ganglia: [SIM] -Smoothens motor performance, if impaired: tremor -Initiation of motor performance; akinesia -Modulation: fine tuning of the motor output from the cerebral cortex; if impaired, movement disorders like hypokinesia in PD, or hyperkinesia [NCPDGASH]

31. Which is NOT a test for rotatory instability of the knee? a. Ballottement b. jerk test of Hughston c. active pivot shift d. Dial

A. Slocum's test: Anterolateral rotary instability: Anteromedial rotary instability: Hughston's test: Posteromedial rotary instability: Posterolateral rotary instability: ALRI Hip: 45 degrees flexed Knee: 90 degrees flexed Tibia: Anterior translation Excess in: Medial rotation Strx affected: Upper R quadrant AMRI Hip: 45 degrees flexed Knee: 90 degrees flexed Tibia: anterior translation Excess in: lateral rotation Strx affected: upper L quadrant PMRI Hip: 45 degrees flexed Knee: 90 degrees flexed Tibia: posterior translation Excess in: medial rotation Strx affected: lower L quadrant PLRI Hip: 45 degrees flexed Knee: 90 degrees flexed Tibia: posterior translation Excess in: lateral rotation Strx affected: lower R quadrant

76. A PT is performing a cognitive function test on a patient status post stroke. As part of the test: PT examines the patient's abstract ability. Which of these tasks is MOST appropriate? a. discuss how two objects are similar b. identify letters or numbers traced on the skin C. copy drawn figures of varying size and shape d. orientation to time, person and place

A. b. identify letters or numbers traced on the skin: graphesthesia C. copy drawn figures of varying size and shape: constructional ability d. orientation to time, person and place: orientation

8. A group of PT clinicians is performing research in which a specific myofascial technique is applied to a patient with chronic back pain. They are using a single-case experimental design with an A-B-A-B format. Their research hypothesis states that pain-rating scores will decreases with the treatment intervention. Accepting this hypothesis would be indicated if: a. B is less than A b. B is equal to A C. B is greater than A at the 1.0 level d. B is greater than A at the 0.05 level

A. kasi after performing intervention, bumaba ang pain from the baseline 3 types of single subject design: [gawa ka muna baseline/goal bago mo gawin intervention] *A: baseline B: after intervention A-B A-B-A A-B-A-B A-B: focuses on effectiveness of an experiment A-B-A: wash-out period, duration of effectiveness; ex. Px with pain (baseline), apply ka US (intervention)= naglessen ang pain, titingnan mo after a week kung nawala or lessen ang pain (baseline); hence malalaman mo kung effective ba yung US sa treatment ng pain A-B-A-B: if the independent variable is the direct cause of change in the dependent variable; kumbaga dinodouble check yung effectiveness ng intervention Ideal sample size for Small sample size: A-B-A-B Large sample size: A-B [kasi easier to keep track small sample size on the longer run]

35. The organizational plan of a PT department usually has the following objectives EXCEPT: a. reflects the operation of the services b. provides supervising functions within the program/services C. provides the direction of services d. describes the interrelationship within the overall organization

A. kaya kung meron kang makitang organizational plan, alam mo lang na sila yung president, or vice president, but not exactly how they operate during services C. provides the direction of services: kung sino nagdidirect or at top of services Organizational plan: a plan that exists for the PT service -Describes the interrelationships within the overall organization -Provides for direction of service by PT -Defines supervisory functions within the program -Reflects current personnel functions

46. While evaluating a patient with cerebral palsy, the spastic diplegia type, PT will observe the following abnormalities EXCEPT: a. ankle dorsiflexion b. scissoring gait pattern c. hips flexed and adducted d. knees flexed with valgus

A. should be PF Spastic diplegia [typical LE synergy] -scissoring gait pattern -hips flexed and adducted -knees flexed with valgus -PF

98. A PT is increasing a patient's functional mobility in a seated position. To manage the patient MOST effectively and efficiently, the following should be performed in what order? 1 - weight shifting of the pelvis 2 - isometric contractions of the lower extremity 3 - trunk range of motion exercises 4 - isotonic resistance of the quadriceps a. 1, 2, 3, 4 b. 3, 2, 1,4 C. 2, 3, 1,4 d. 4, 3, 2, 1

B.

81. PT was referred a patient with a pulmonary condition. She was to evaluate chest expansion using a tape measure. The 3 sites involved in the assessment are: I. 3rd intercostal space II. under the axilla III. nipple line or xiphisternal junction IV. 5th intercostal spine V. T10 rib area a. If I, III, V are correct b. If II, III, V are correct c. If I, II, III are correct d. If III, IV, V are correct

B. -Under axilla: apical expansion -Nipple line or xihiphisternal junction: midthoracic expansion -T10 rib area: lower thoracic expansion

26. In electrical stimulation this current mode is described as a time period with a gradual rise of the current intensity which is maintained at a selected level for a given period of time followed by a gradual or abrupt decline in intensity. a. continuous b. ramped C. surged d. interrupted

B. Continuous mode: uninterrupted flow of current Interrupted mode: intermittent cessation of current flow Surge mode: a gradual increase and decrease in the current intensity over a finite period of time Ramped mode: a timed period with gradual rise of the current intensity which is maintained at a selected level for a given period of time, followed by a gradual or abrupt decline in intensity

96. Patient comes to therapy because of poor motor control of the Lower extremities PT determines that to work efficiently toward bringing the patient back to prior level of ambulation, he must follow this sequence of control: a. stability, controlled stability, mobility skill b. mobility, stability, controlled mobility, skill c. mobility, controlled mobility, stability, skill d. skill, controlled stability, controlled mobility

B. Rood's 8 ontogenic motor patterns: [SR. PNP QWS (cues)] [mobility] 1. Supine/flexor withdrawal: towards T10 vertebra; mobility motor control 2. Roll-over: supine to prone, or side lying to prone; mobility motor control [stability] 3. Pivot prone: prone, then superman position; mobility and stability motor control 4. Neck co-contraction: dito daw nagkakaroon ng head bobbing yung baby; stability motor control (FIRST REAL STABILITY PATTERN) 5. Prone on elbows: stability motor control [controlled mobility] 6. Quadruped: PREPARES child for equilibrium responses; stability and controlled mobility motor control [skill] 7. Standing: skill motor control 8. Walking: mobility, stability, and skill motor control

22. The following are contraindications of traction EXCEPT: a. vascular condition b. patients with subacute state of degenerative joint disease C. hypermobility d. local and systemic disease affecting joints, ligaments, bones and muscles such as tumors and infections

B. Indications for traction: -Nn root impingement -Discogenic pain -Subacute jt pain -Subacute DJD -Compression frx [kailangan matraction yung compression] C/I for traction: -vascular condition [fragile blood vessels] -hypermobility -local and systemic disease affecting joints, ligaments, bones and muscles such as tumors and infections [fragile bones]

14. A patient is performing concentric strengthening exercises of the triceps. In this type of technique, maximum force is generated at: a. full extension b. mid-range C. full flexion d. all throughout the range

B. One jointed muscles yung at end-range; ex. supinator muscle

83. A patient using a wheelchair is about to be discharged from the hospital. He asks his family to build a ramp that will allow entry into the house. What is the MAXIMUM recommended grade for the ramp? a. 10.4 percent b. 8.3 percent C. 9.3 percent d. 6.5 percent

B. Ramp -Height of handrail from the ramp: Ht to length/rise to run ratio= 1:12 (1/12= 8.3%) [1 ruler = 12 inches; 8% yung percentage kasi intended for wheels yung ramp (parang wheels ang 8)] -Width Minimum: 36 inches Ideal: 48 inches -Height of handrail from the ramp: 32 inches Ascending vs descending ramp for pts using w/c -Ascending the ramp: pt with w/c should be facing the ramp; shorter and rapid strokes (kasi kung slow tapos large strokes, mas mabilis makapagod sa part ng px) -Descending the ramp: pt with w/c should be facing the ramp (in a wheelie position), unless with assist pt may be faced backwards while descending the ramp; grip hand loosely (dahan dahan release ng hand sa wheels, kasi kung release niya hulog na si px) Stairs Ht to length ratio: 7:11 *Stairs to ramp computation; ex. 3 steps (21 inches (7x3) then x 12 inches (standard) = 252 inches) or 21 feet (1 foot = 12 inch)

38. The functional outcome reporting method of writing notes must be: a. sustainable, simple, quantifiable b. meaningful, utilitarian, sustainable c. meaningful, quantifiable, sustainable d. utilitarian, meaningful, quantifiable

B. [SUM] Sustainable, utilitarian, meaningful

37. When planning to establish a PT clinic, it is BEST to first: a. plan a marketing strategy b. research on the needs of the community c. plan a budget to determine how much business loan is required d. look for a location where to set up

B. kasi sayang na pagawa ka clinic tapos hindi pala kailangan ng community

78. To reduce inflammation of the tracheobronchial mucosa in asthma, COPD and sarcoidosis, steroids are often prescribed. Which of these is not a side effect of steroid therapy? a. Increased susceptibility to notion b. decrease in BP c. tachycardia d. osteoporosis

B. should be increased; sympathomimetic ang steroids A. increased susceptibility to infection: immunosuppressive effects of steroids D. osteoporosis: steroids impede calcium absorption Steroids can also: -increase sodium retention (increase BP) -ms wasting -GI irritation -Atherosclerosis (increase BP) -Hypercholesteremia (increase BP)

11. A patient exhibits weak quadriceps (4/5) and complains of difficulty in descending stairs. Among the techniques below, the BEST exercise to regain strength in the quadriceps is: a. isokinetic exercise at 36 degrees/second b. partial sit-ups later progressing to lunges c. progressive resistance exercises. 70 percent IRM, 3 sets of 10 d. maximum isometric exercise, at 45 and 90 degrees of knee extension

B. strengthening proximal muscles to distal; important din daw kasi stability ng core in ascending/descending stairs

43. The correct sequence for a positive Landau reflex response is: a. First the back extends, then the neck flexes with leg in extension b. first the head, then the back and legs extend C. simultaneous neck and back in flexion with legs in extension d. first the legs will extend, then neck extension with back flexion

B. superior to inferior; first head, then back and legs extend Landau reflex: when the child is supported horizontally in the prone position, the head rises and the back arches

64. Your patient who underwent the traditional total hip arthroplasty is about to be discharged. The guidelines to include to avoid jeopardizing the surgical process are the following, EXCEPT: a. avoid crossing the legs when in sitting position b. when walking, turn to the uninvolved side C. avoid pulling blankets up in bed with forward bending d. stand with the feet in slight external rotation

B. this will lead to hip IR Positions to avoid after total hip arthroplasty for posterolateral approach: [FAIR] Hip flexion > 90 degrees Hip adduction beyond midline Hip IR Positions to avoid after total hip arthroplasty for anterolateral approach: [lahat ng motions bawal, IR lang pwede] Hip flexion > 90 degrees Combined motion of hip FABER Hip extension, adduction, et ER beyond neutral [opposite sa FAB] *If gmed was incised, avoid abduction 3 golden rules after THA: Do not overbend at the hips Do not twist in either sitting or standing Do not cross the leg over the midline [basically FAIR in layman's terms]

24. The following are approaches of electrical stimulation to control spasticity, EXCEPT: a. alternately stimulating agonist and antagonist muscle b. stimulation of the spastic muscles themselves c. none of these d. stimulation of antagonist to utilize the effect of reciprocal inhibition

C. D. sa boards natypo yung inhibition to "inhalation"

25. The duration of the faradic impulse is approximately: a. variable b. 0.01 of a second C. 0.001 of a second d. 1 mega second

C. Faradic vs sinusoidal [1 FUSE 10= 50 HzFaradic Uneven, 1ms; Sinusoidal Even, 10 ms;both 50 Hz] Faradic: uneven alternating current; asymmetric PD: 1 ms Frequency: 50 Hz Indication: innervated muscle Sensory effects: tingling Motor effects: tetanic contraction Sinusoidal: even alternating current; symmetric PD: 10 ms Frequency: 50 Hz Indication: innervated muscle Sensory effects: tingling Motor effects: tetanic contraction

3. Patient is suffering from complete paralysis of the gluteus maximus. To compensate during the stance phase of the gait cycle, the patient will exhibit: a. external tibial torsion at heel strike b. increased plantarflexion c. hyperextension of the spine d. maintenance of knee flexion

C. Gluteus Maximus O: Outer surface of ilium, sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament I: Iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur N: Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2) A: EXER of hip joint; through iliotibial tract, it extends knee joint

29. PT was referred a patient with vague hip pain that radiates to the lateral knee. The findings include: negative FABERE test, negative grind test and a positive Noble's compression test. These test results MOST LIKELY point to: a. DJD of the hip b. irritation of the L5 spinal nerve root c. an iliotibial band friction disorder d. Sl joint dysfunction

C. Noble vs Ober Noble's compression test: ITB friction syndrome Ober's test: ITB tightness

80. A PT is performing a respiratory evaluation including the following test: respiratory rate, blood pressure, pulse and measurement of chest expansion A normal measurement of difference between the rest period and full expansion over the xiphoid process is: a. 1 1/2 inches b. 1 inch c. 2 inches d. 1/2 inch

C. Normal quiet inspiration: 0.75 inch Forced inspiration: 2-2.5 inches

97. Which PNF pattern has the patient "hold" in that part of the range where weakness exists? a. contract - relax b. slow reversal c. rhythmic stabilization d. approximation

C. 3 common PNF techniques: [DARA Relaxation; DA (directed agonist), RA (reversal of antagonist)] -Directed to agonist: for muscle weakness -Reversal of antagonist: for muscle imbalance -Relaxation: for muscle tightness and/or spasticity Directed to agonist types: -Repeated contractions (RC) [parang contract relax] -Hold relax active motion (HRAM) [parang hold relax] -Rhythmic initiation (RI) Reversal of antagonist types: -Slow reversal (SR) -Quick reversal (QR) -Slow reversal, hold (SRH) -Rhythmic stabilization (RS) Relaxation types: -Hold relax (HR) -Contract relax (CR) -Rhythmic rotation (Ro) -Slow reversal, hold relax (SRHR) Repeated contractions (RC): primarily used for muscle weakness and coordination; quick stretch during diminished muscular response Hold relax active motion (HRAM): weakness within the range; uses isometrics before the patient performs active motion *nag-iisang "relax" na hindi kasali sa relaxation techniques Rhythmic initiation (RI): uses rhythm as patient performs activity, either using drums or by simply clapping; best recommended for PD with akinesia Slow reversal (SR): if a patient is having difficulty isolating motions while performing activity, the activity or motion is done slowly; ex. Slow D1 flexion --> slow D1 extension Quick reversal (QR): from slow movement to fast movement; ex. Slow D1 flexion --> fast D1 extension [quick reversal kasi sa reverse siya mabilis] Slow reversal, hold (SRH): same with slow reversal but with isometrics at the end-range Rhythmic stabilization (RS): for trunk/postural INSTABILITY, commonly used for patients with CVA Alternating isometrics: used if patient is having difficulty performing rhythmic stabilization Hold relax (HR): primarily used for muscle tightness, to increase ROM; uses isometric contraction to the tight muscle at a certain angle before performing to the opposite of its action; indicated for patients with pain, inflammation (acute conditions) Rhythmic rotation (Ro): for spasticity; ex. Patient is in hook lying, therapist will rotate the knees of the patient from L --> R, and R --> L with rhythm (same sa rhythm initiation) *technique for relaxation, kaya indicated sa spasticity Slow reversal, hold-relax (SRHR) for muscle tightness, imbalance, and pain

51. A 68-year-old male patient with a 10-year history of diabetes complains of cramping, pain, fatigue of the left buttock after walking 500 feet or climbing stairs. Pain is relieved during rest. The skin of the involved leg is pale and slightly cold. These symptoms point to: a. Raynaud's phenomenon b. Spinal root impingement c. Peripheral arterial disease d. Peripheral nerve injury

C. Arterial ulcer d/t arterial insufficiency -Granulation: pale red -Drainage: minimal [WALANG EDEMA] -Locations: --Lateral malleolus (MC) [LAnti; arte na landi pa] --Anterior tibia --Feet and toes -Pain: (+) -Edema: sometimes present -Shape: punched-out or well circumscribed -Hemosiderin staining: (-) -Gangrene: (+) -Pedal pulse: decreased or absent -Associated signs: --Trophic changes (shiny, and loss of hair) [maarte, so dapat shiny skin and walang hair] --Pallor upon elevation, and dusky rubor/active hyperemia on dependency --Best position: dependent position (dangling position) Venous ulcer d/t venous -Granulation: bright red, sira ang veins pero intact pa rin ang arteries kaya bright red (oxygenated blood) -Drainage: moderate to heavy [EDEMA] -Locations: medial malleolus -Pain: (-) -Edema: (+) -Shape: irregular -Hemosiderin staining: (+) -Gangrene: (-) -Pedal pulse: (+) -Associated signs: --Stasis dermatitis: a long-term condition that causes inflammation, ulcers, and itchy skin on the lower legs. It often occurs in people who have underlying conditions that affect blood flow in the legs, such as chronic venous insufficiency, varicose veins, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and congestive heart failure --Cyanotic on dependency --Best position: elevation to assist circulation back to the heart

32. This is a test for posterior shoulder instability. The patient lies supine with the shoulder abducted to 100 degrees and laterally rotated 90 degrees and with the elbow flexed to 90 degrees so that the arm is horizontal. The examiner stabilizes the scapula with one hand palpating the posterior humeral head with the fingers and stabilizes the upper limb by holding the forearm and elbow at the elbow. The examiner then brings the arm into forward flexion. The test is known as: a. push - pull b. load and shift C. Norwood stress d. posterior apprehension or stress

C. Norwood stress test [parang supine na Jerk test; kaya siya Jerk kasi wala originality] -In supine position; shoulder abd: 60-100 degrees, ER: 90 degrees; elbow flex: 90 degrees -Provide shoulder horizontal adduction, then push the elbow down while the other hand palpates the humeral head if it translates posteriorly (+) > 50% posterior translation -Posterior GH instability Jerk test -Sitting or supine; arm forward flexed et IR -Passively horizontal adduction et push arm posteriorly (+) clunk -Posterior GH instability -Part 2 of test: --Release pressure (+) another clunk --Posteroinferior labral lesion (reverse Bankart)

19. Paraffin melts at 54.5 degrees C but is used as a therapeutic modality because: a. paraffin requires a longer treatment time b. paraffin requires fewer calories of heat to raise its temperature c. the addition of mineral oil lowers its specific heat d. it has a low specific gravity

C. Paraffin wax bath Melting point: 50-55 degrees celsius [additional 10 and 11 degrees from therapeutic heat na 40-44] Self sterilizing point: 60-65 degrees celsius Wax to oil ratio: 7:1 Techniques in using the paraffin wax bath: -Immersion: 20 minutes; most effective technique -Dipping: 6-10 times -Dip and reimmerse: dip to 6-10 times, then immerse the hand -Pouring technique -Brushing technique: least effective technique Guidelines in using the paraffin wax bath: -Treatment time: 20 minutes -Remove the jewelries -Wash hands then dry (+) film (yung medyo buo buo yung wax sa top) (-) contact on walls/edge of the machine (kasi mapapaso si patient) (+) sediments (dumi)= replace the wax

1. In normal cadence, the knee flexes after heel strike to approximately degrees. a. 5 b. 10 c. 15 d. 25

C. TRADITIONAL TERMINOLIGIES Ankle HS to FF: 0-15 FF to MS: 15-10 MS to HO: 10-15 HO to TO:15-20 Knee HS to FF: 0-15 15-5 5-0 Hip HS to FF: 30 degrees flexion 30-5 (neutral) Neutral *yung HS to FF values lang daw imemorize [0-15, 0-15, 30]

6. A patient with multiple sclerosis is a subject in a research study testing the efficacy of a new medication. The patient reports that the medication she is taking makes her feel much better and allows her to move more easily. At the end of the study, it is revealed that she was part of the control groups. Her responses are MOST LIKELY due to: a. sampling bias b. pretest - treatment interference c. placebo effect d. Hawthorne effect

C. Threats to internal validity: -Hawthorne effect: tendency to perform better because they are being observed -Placebo effect: tendency to report better d/t a sham treatment -Carry over effect: d/t multiple treatment interactions Threats to external validity: [SHS: setting, history, selection] -Interaction of treatment and selection: sa sample population mo effective, pero nang sinubukan mo na sa general population, hindi effective. Kung ganito, mababa yung external validity [parang nagselect lang siya ng population kung saan siya effective] -Interaction of treatment and setting: yung effective ng treatment in America is not necessarily effective sa Philippines kung factor din ang environment (setting); ex. MS (mas mainit man sa Pinas) -Interaction of treatment and history: ex. May mga antibiotics nung 1950 na effective, pero hindi na gaano ka-effective ngayon

39. In the functional balance grades, what rate will you give a patient who is able to maintain balance while weight shifting? a. fair b. poor c. normal d. good

C. [without handhold support] 4 (Normal) Static: able to maintain steady balance without handhold support Dynamic: accepts maximal challenge and can shift wt easily within full range in all directions 3 (Good) Static: able to maintain balance without handhold support, limited postural sway Dynamic: accepts moderate challenge, able to maintain balance while picking object off floor [with handhold support] 2 (Fair) Static: able to maintain balance with handhold support; may require occasional minimal assistance Dynamic: accepts minimal challenge; able to maintain balance while turning head/trunk 1 (Poor) Static: requires handhold support and moderate to maximal assistance to maintain position Dynamic: unable to accept challenge or move without loss of balance 0 (absent): unable to maintain balance

21. A 66-year-old with a right gastrocnemius contracture is in the whirlpool. The correct temperature for the submersion is _degrees F. a. 92 b. 108 c. 104 d. 98

C. 98-104 F; bawal daw lagpas 110 F kasi makapaso na [Very Cold Cool: 1 13 18] Very cold: 1-13 Cold: 13-18 Cool: 18-27 [Tepid/Neutral Warm Hot Very Hot: 27 33 35 36 40] Tepid: 27-33.5; used for general purposes Neutral: 33.5-35.5; used for wound care Warm: 35.5-36.5 Hot: 36.5-40 Very hot: 40-60; used for therapeutic range

71. An injury of the median nerve at the level of the wrist and hand can cause the following functional loss EXCEPT: a. thumb opposition b. weak or no pinch c. flexion of the little finger d. thumb flexion

C. flexion of little finger= ulnar nn Abductor pollicis brevis O: Flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, trapezium I: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb N: Median nerve (C8, T1) A: Abduction of thumb [yung mga brevis gusto yung proximal phalanx] Flexor Pollicis Brevis O: Flexor retinaculum I: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb N: Median nerve A: Flexes metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb Opponens Pollicis O: Flexor retinaculum [kasi parang flexion of thumb pa rin yung thumb opposition] I: Shaft of metacarpal bone of thumb N: Median nerve (C8, T1) A: Pulls thumb medially and forward across palm Adductor Pollicis O: Oblique head; 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones; transverse head; 3rd metacarpal bone I: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb N: Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1) A: Adduction of thumb [only thenar ms with ulnar nn innervation, and no counterpart in the hypothenar muscles]

55. The following statements are TRUE about cardiovascular response to exercise in trained and sedentary patients EXCEPT: a. trained patients will have a larger stroke volume during exercise b. the sedentary patient will reach aerobic threshold faster than the trained patient, if workload are equal c. cardiovascular response to increase workload will increase at the same rate for sedentary and for trained patients d. if exercise intensities are equal, the sedentary patient's heart rate will increase faster than the trained patient's heart rate

C. hindi sila same rate SV, HR, et CO of an athlete vs sedentary person SV: increase; decrease HR: decrease; increase CO: same; same Benefits of exercise to cardiac ms Increase in stroke volume secondary to: Increase in the size of the chambers Size of the blood vessels [kaya paminsan kung nagworkout ka, lumalabas mga ugat mo]

62. These statements on the comparison of plantar fasciitis and tarsal tunnel syndrome are TRUE, EXCEPT: a. Pain is worse in walking, running and in the morning (sometimes improves with activity) in plantar fasciitis but worst with standing, walking and at night for tarsal tunnel syndrome b. Pain in plantar fasciitis is usually on the plantar aspect of the foot, at the anterior calcaneus while in tarsal tunnel syndrome it is in the medial heel and medial longitudinal arch c. When resisted isometric movements are done, both exhibit normal strength d. Plantar fasciitis is due to overuse while tarsal tunnel syndrome is usually brought about by trauma, a space occupying lesion or inflammation

C. merong weakness si TTS

86. A PT is working on a male inpatient on therapeutic positioning. Due to financial problems, he was referred to PT only recently. The patient has developed significant weakness of the diaphragm and is hypertensive. The MOST appropriate patient position to initiate treatment is: a. prone b. Trendelenburg C. reverse Trendelenburg d. supine

C. recommended to reduce HTN, and use gravity to assist diaphragm

66. PT wants to begin behavior modification techniques as part of a plan of care to help shape the behavioral response of a patient recovering from traumatic brain injury. The BEST form of intervention is to: a. scold patient every time a wrong behavior happens b. encourage the staff to tell patient which behaviors are correct and which are not C. allow patient enough time for self-correction of the behavior d. use frequent reinforcements for all desired behaviors

D.

68. A patient with multiple sclerosis has dysmetria in both upper extremities. The BEST intervention for this problem is: a. 41b. weight cuffs of wrist during activities of daily living training b. pool exercises using water temperature more than 85 degrees c. isokinetic training using low resistance and fast movement speeds d. PNF patterns with dynamic reversals with carefully graded resistance

D.

75. If a patient has diagnosis of anterior interosseus syndrome, the activity that will be most difficult to perform is: a. opposition b. resisted wrist extension with the elbow flexed at 90 degrees c. wrist ulnar deviation with the thumb tucked inside a closed fist d. pinching together the tips of the index finger and thumb

D. Impingement of the anterior interosseous nn of the median nn: Kiloh-Nevin syndrome (+) pinch grip test: cannot perform an okay sign, (-) okay sign *kasi impaired naman yung flexor pollicis longus (median anterior interroseous nerve)

12. Patient can only reach 60 degrees of passive straight leg raising. To improve the range of motion, the hold-relax technique should be applied to: a. adductors and hip extensors b. quadriceps and hip flexors C. abductors and hip flexors d. hamstrings and hip extensors

D. PNF stretching techniques: Hold relax Contract relax Agonist contract Hold relax-agonist contract (HRAC) Hold relax: prestretch, isometric contraction of the antagonist; uses autogenic inhibition Contract relax: prestretch, concentric contraction of the antagonist (resist concentric contraction of antagonist before stretching); still autogenic inhibition Agonist contract: active stretching; uses reciprocal inhibition (pero wala hahawakan ang therapist sa patient, command mo lang ang opposite action ng tight muscles; usually indicated for patients who need gentle stretch like fracture patients) Hold relax-agonist contract (HRAC): autogenic and reciprocal inhibition (most effective PNF stretching)

20. The ability of a cold modality to affect local and systemic changes depends on the temperature of the cold and the duration of the application. The other factors include the following EXCEPT: a. skin-modality temperature gradient b. vascular supply to the area c. thermal conductivity and thickness of each tissue layer d. room temperature

D. Therapeutic range of cryotherapy: 0-10 degrees celsius Normal body response to cold: -Lewis Huntington phenomenon: initial vasoconstriction --> reflex vasodilation (pag namumula na yung area, tanggal mo ice, kung nawala na yung redness, lagay ulit ice and repeat) -Changes in sensation: intense cold --> burning --> aching --> numbness [IBAN] -Decrease in NCV General indications to cryotherapy: -Acute injury -Pain -Muscle facilitation: quick icing -Muscle inhibition: prolonged icing Contraindications to cryotherapy: -Cold urticaria/cold hypersensitivity -Raynaud's phenomenon, or Raynaud's disease (not synonymous; may sakit talaga ang patient sa blood vessels niya) -Sickle cell anemia -Cryoglobulinemia: blood becomes gel-like d/t cold Cryotherapy modalities: -Cold packs -Ice towel -Ice massage -Vapocoolant spray Cold packs: -Utilizes hydrocollator packs -One layer of towel 5-10 minutes Ice towel: Shillings/shaved ice applied sa moist towel then to the patient; not beyond 5 minutes [hula ko dahil super duper basa na dahil melted na shaved ice] Vapocoolant sprays: heat transfer is via EVAPORATION; does not decrease swelling Substances used in vapocoolant sprays: Flourimethine [flour mixed with meth] Ethyl chloride [EC] *both are highly volatile Vapocoolant parameters song: [Elsa sa frozen] Elsa, do you want a vapocoolant Come on let's go and spray Distance is 18-24, Angle is 30-45! Rate is 2-4 inches [24 sa distance], per se-cond Dahan dahan lang! Do you want a vapocoolant? Nakakapag-decrease ba ng swelling? No! Okay byeee

30. A patient with a long-standing rheumatoid arthritis of the MP and IP joints is referred to PT. Upon evaluation, therapist observed that patient can flex IP when MCP is in neutral position but cannot flex IP when MCP is hyperextended. The MOST LIKELY cause of this is: a. lateral band slippage on volar aspect b. MCP joint subluxation C. finger muscle tenosynovitis d. intrinsic muscle tightness

D. [distal to proximal: Haines-Bunnel] Haines-Zancolli's retinacular test Part 1: Position: PIP neutral Action: active flex DIP Response: (-) DIP flexion Indication: tight retinacular ligament, or joint capsule Part 2: Position: flexed PIP Action: active flex the DIP with flexed PIP Response and indication: if (-) DIP flexion, tight DIP capsule but normal retinacular ligament (jt capsule mismo problema) if (+) DIP flexion, tight retinacular ligament, normal DIP capsule (ligament lang yung problema kasi makaflex na DIP sa shortened position ng finger) *ANG MAIN STRUCTURE ASSESSED IS THE PIP DAW Bunnel Littler/Finochietto-Bunnel test [Finocchio and Bunnel Littler] Part 1: Position: MCP extension Action: PIP flexion Response: (-) PIP flexion Indication: tight intrinsic ms or jt capsule Part 2: Position: MCP flexion Action: Flex PIP Response and indication: if (-) PIP flexion, normal intrinsic ms, but tight PIP jt capsule if (+) PIP flexion, normal PIP jt capsule, but tight intrinsic ms *ANG MAIN STRUCTURE ASSESSED IS THE MCP DAW

34. A 64-year-old female patient who underwent a minimally invasive total knee replacement was referred to PT. The referring physician stated in the chart that patient ha stage 1 Alzheimer's disease. The PT will therefore NOT expect to find: a. memory loss b. anxiety and irritability c. cannot concentrate d. profound communication deficits

D. Alzheimer stages: Preclinical: (-) manifestations, but (+) biomarkers Mild: (+) manifestations but not yet obvious; (+) short term memory loss Moderate: (+) obvious manifestations of dementia that are noticeable by the family (family knows patient best kung hindi na sila yung dati); (+) wandering Severe: symptoms are severe; short and long term memory are affected and profound communication deficits; noticeable by family and other people (kahit yung ibang tao, hala parang may mali kung paano siya mag-isip)

87. A PT is performing segmental breathing exercises with a patient following atelectasis. When implementing manual control, the MOST appropriate technique to emphasize lingual expansion is when the hands are placed a. below the clavicle on the anterior chest wall b. on the right side of the chest below the axilla C. over the posterior aspect of the lower ribs d. on the left side of the chest below the axilla

D. Anterior apical segment of the upper lobe Just below the clavicle Sitting et leaning backward Behind the pt (stay away from face for safety, so patient will not cough at you) Posterior apical segment of the upper lobe Above the scapula Sitting et leaning forward [mga apical segments ang seated position] Anterior segment of the upper lobe Male, nipples; female, above the breast Supine, bed is flat; pillow is placed behind of the head et popliteal areas for comfort Posterior segment of the L upper lobe L scapula 1/4 turn from prone position on R side; the ONLY reverse T position in all of the postural drainage positions (30-45 degrees elevation); if tilt table is not available, use large pillows with 18-20 inches of elevation [L posterior upper lobe Lang ang only reverse T position; and siya Lang sa upper lobe yung may angulation; kasi yung ibang parts sa upper lobe either nakaupo lang or bed flat] Posterior segment of the R upper lobe R scapula 1/4 turn from prone on L side; bed flat *bed flat lang kasi hindi kumpara sa L upper lobe, maliit ang R upper lobe (divided into three lobes baya ang R lung) R middle lobe Below R nipple 1/4 turn from supine on L side; T position of 15-30 degrees, or large pillows with equivalent of 12-16 inches Lingula Below L nipple 1/4 turn from supine on R side; T-position of 15-30 degrees, or large pillows with equivalent of 12-16 inches [sa middle lobe nagsimula yung meron angulations ang T-position; besides sa L posterior upper lobe] Anterior segment of the lower lobes Anterior lower ribs Supine; T-position of 30-45 degrees, or large pillows of 18-20 inches [yung mga lower lobes; lower ribs] Posterior segment of the lower lobes Posterior lower ribs Prone; T-position of 30-45 degrees, or large pillows of 18-20 inches; placement of pillow is on the abdomen, or ant hips L lateral segment of lower lobe L lateral lower ribs R side lying; T-position of 30-45 degrees, or large pillows of 18-20 inches; placement of pillows are under the head, between arms et legs R lateral segment of the lower lobes R lateral lower ribs L side lying; T-position of 30-45 degrees, or large pillows of 18-20 inches; placement of pillows are under the head, between arms et legs [sa lateral lower ribs, hindi na 1/4 turn from sidelying] Superior segment/apical segment of the lower lobes Below inferior angle of scapula Prone; bed flat; placement of pillows are under abdomen, or ant hip) [apical segment pero lower lobe, madali lang din; pero hindi nakaupo; prone position na lang]

90. A PT is carrying out mobilization techniques to regain normal mid-thoracic extension. After 4 sessions, the patient complained of localized pain that lasts more than 24 hours. The PT's strategy should be: a. stop PT for one week b. change to self-stretching activities because the patient does not tolerate mobilization c. stay with current mobilization techniques and follow with a cold pack to the thoracic spine d. change mobilization technique to gentle, low amplitude oscillations to reduce the joint and soft tissue irritation

D. If the jt results in better or no response: maintain or progress mobilization technique Stretching maneuvers: perform alternate days

74. In the modified Ashworth Scale for Grading Spasticity a grade 2 is described as: a. slight increase in muscle tone, manifested by a catch, followed by minimal resistance throughout the remainder (less than half of the ROM) b. considerable increase in muscle tone, passive movement difficult c. slight increase in muscle tone, manifested by a catch and release or by minimal resistance at the end of the range of motion when the affected part(s) is moved in flexion or extension d. more marked increase in muscle tone through most of the ROM, but affected part(s) easily moves

D. MAS vs Tardieu scale

2. A patient who was in cast for 3 weeks after a grade III left ankle sprain was referred to PT for mobility exercises. Evaluation shows a loss of 10 degrees of dorsiflexion. The MOST difficult activity for this patient is: a. ambulating barefoot b. ambulating over rough surfaces c.descending a ramp d. descending stairs

D. kasi kung magbaba ka stairs mapapaDF talaga yung naiwan sa taas Grade 1 (1st degree) soft tissue injury characteristics: [magang maga pa lang] -Mild pain at the time of injury -Mild swelling -Pain when stressed (moved) -Local tenderness Grade 2 (2nd degree) soft tissue injury characteristics: [mas sakit raw] -Moderate pain at the time on injury that requires stopping of the activity -Stress and palpation greatly increases the pain -Results to joint HYPERMOBILITY Grade 3 (3rd degree) soft tissue injury characteristics: [na pakasakit raw] -Near complete or complete rupture/tear of soft tissue with severe pain at the time on injury -Palpation reveals the defect stress does not result to pain -Results to joint INSTABILITY

44. Among the activities below, the BEST way to facilitate walking without support in a 2-year-old patient with Down Syndrome is: a. strengthening exercises for quadriceps using weights b. use of walker with rollers to increase distance C. use of reflex inhibiting patterns in lower extremities d. weight shifting in standing while dancing to music

D. play therapy and functional for child a. strengthening exercises for quadriceps using weights: hindi age appropriate exercise for a 2 yr old b. use of walker with rollers to increase distance: facilitate walking WIHOUT support

16. Which of these statements on water temperature during aquatic exercise is TRUE? a. heat transfer increases with velocity b. water retains heat 1000 times more than air c. differences in temperature between an immersed object and water will equilibrate with minimal change in temperature of the water d. water conducts temperature 5 times faster than air

D. should 25 times faster than the air; baka except question lang kaso "true" ang nalagay Water temperature during aquatic exercise: -heat transfer increases with velocity -water retains heat 1000 times more than air -differences in temperature between an immersed object and water will equilibrate with minimal change in temperature of the water -water conducts temperature 25 times faster than air

88. If a patient presents with the following symptoms: hoarse wheezes and altered breath sounds and may be clubbing at the fingers, may be short of breath and fatigue and a large quantity if pus-Failed sputum that may also contain blood, you will entertain the presence of a. chronic bronchitis b. emphysema c. asthma d. bronchiectasis

D. siya lang sa choices yung merong manifestation na hemoptysis Bronchiectasis: permanent dilatation of bronchi/bronchioles due to recurrent pulmonary infections [kung asthma bronchospasm, ito permanent dilation] "ecatsia" means dilation Most common strx affected in bronchiectasis: Terminal bronchioles *Obstruction occurs distal to exudation (accumulation of secretion) followed by dilation proximal to obstruction 2 types of bronchiectasis: -Saccular/cystic -Cylindrical/fusiform Saccular/cystic bronchiectasis: Bronchiectasis affecting large proximal bronchi down to the 4th generation Cylindrical/fusiform bronchiectasis: Bronchiectasis involving longer airways starting from 6th-10th generations Signs et symptoms of bronchiectasis: [isipin mo ito pattern] -Cough -Dyspnea -Fever -Hemoptysis (bloody cough)

36. In most Code of Ethics of a profession, the first principle usually refers to: a. provision of accurate information to the consumer b. exercising sound judgment c. receiving remuneration of services d. respecting rights and dignity of individuals

D. we put the clients first