Circulatory system -Bio

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Function of platelets

blood clotting

thick muscle in arteries allow

blood to be pushed along

arrange blood vessels in order of lumen size smallest to largest

capillaries arteries veins

which major artery supplies blood to the brain

carotid artery

blood in capillaries usually

changes from oxygenated to deoxygenated (except in pulmonary circulation)

Capillary bed

collection of capillaries

The right side of the heart pumps

deoxygenated blood to the lungs

pace maker

device used to regulate the rhythm of the heart

Cells must ____ to pass through capillaries

distort

mammals have __________ circulation

double

red blood cells scientific name

erythrocytes

which major artery supplies blood to the intestine

gastric artery

What gives RBCs their red color?

hemoglobin

what permits red blood cells to carry oxygen and co2 ?

hemoglobin

which major artery supplies blood to the liver

hepatic artery

arteries carry blood at

high pressure

active natural immunity

immunity gained through illness and recovery

passive immunity

immunity in which antibodies are given to a person rather than produced within the person's own body

active immunity

immunity produced by exposure to an antigen, as a result of the immune response

passive artificially acquired immunity

injecting antibodies derived from serum of infected people or animals

Platelets

irregularly shaped elements that assist in the clotting of blood

Function of capillaries

is to allow exchange of materials between the blood and the tissues e.g co2 ,oxygen ,nutrients etc

function of plasma

it transports dissolved substances around the body and defends it against disease

Adaptations of RBC

lacks nucleus (more space to carry o2 and co2) contains hemoglobin( transport molecule) oval bio concave disk (increased surface area for diffusion of gases)

largest and smallest arteries

largest-aorta smallest-Arterioles

white blood cells scientific name

leukocytes

what is plasma

liquid portion of blood

capillaries have no

muscular and elastic fibres

How thick are capillaries?

one cell thick

left side of heart pumps

oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

capillaries have ____ walls to allow the ______ of materials

permeable ,exchange

The two types of WBCs are

phagocytes and lymphocytes

other than being a transport molecule , hemoglobin is a

pigment

Why do veins have valves?

prevent back flow of blood

arteries usually carry oxygenated blood except during

pulmonary circulation

which major artery supplies blood to the kidney

renal artery

antibodies work for

specific antigens

Function of WBC

they are responsible for the defense /immune system of the body they fight infections protect our body from foreign particles, which includes harmful germs and bacteria.

Veins have _____ walls mainly collagen since blood flows at ___ pressure

thin ,low

the blood pressure at capillaries falls due to extremely

thin structure

veins carry blood

toward the heart

red blood cells function

transport oxygen

The function of red blood cells is to

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Active artificially acquired immunity

vaccine

examples of antigens

viruses, bacteria, fungi, allergens, transplanted tissue cells

Diastole

when the heart relaxes allowing the chambers to be filled with blood

are platelets smaller than WBCs and RBCs

yes

valve

A flap of tissue in the heart or a vein that prevents blood from flowing backward.

antigen

A protein that, when introduced in the blood, triggers the production of an antibody

Lymphocytes

A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies which are released to kill bacteria and other invading organisms

systole

Contraction of the heart to pump blood out

elastic fibres in arteries allow

artery to stretch under pressure

arteries carry blood

away from the heart

do arteries have valves?

No, only veins

What percentage of blood is plasma?

55%

Normal heart rate

60-100 bpm

veins usually carry deoxygenated blood except

(except in pulmonary circulation)

Process of blood clotting

1)Blood vessels constrict to reduce blood flow to damaged area 2)Activated platelets stick to injury site 3)Platelets become sticky and clump together to form platelet plug 4)Platelets and damaged tissue release clotting factors 5) Fibrin is formed which acts as a mesh to stop bleeding

What percentage of blood is RBC?

45%

blood types

A, B, AB, O

which major artery supplies blood to the lungs

Bronchial artery

List functions blood

It carries oxygen and nutrients to the different body cells. It also collects body wastes and carbon dioxide.

example of passive natural immunity

Mother's antibodies cross the placenta and in breast milk

systemic circulation

Movement of blood from heart to the body and vice versa

pulmonary circulation

Movement of blood from the heart, to the lungs, and vice versa

Antibodies

Protein that is produced by lymphocytes and that attaches to a specific antigen in order to destroy it

list what makes up blood

RBC (Red blood cells) ,WBC ( White Blood Cells) ,platelets ,plasma

Pace maker of the heart

SA node which control the rhythm of the heartbeat

why do veins have large lumen

To ease the flow of blood

largest and smallest veins

Vena Cava - largest vein Venules - smallest vein

Phagocytes

WBC shaped in such a way to engulf and ingest bacteria in order to kill

3 types of blood vessels

arteries, veins, capillaries

plasma

Yellowish liquid part of the blood that carries cells and nutrients around the body


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