Circulatory system -Bio
Function of platelets
blood clotting
thick muscle in arteries allow
blood to be pushed along
arrange blood vessels in order of lumen size smallest to largest
capillaries arteries veins
which major artery supplies blood to the brain
carotid artery
blood in capillaries usually
changes from oxygenated to deoxygenated (except in pulmonary circulation)
Capillary bed
collection of capillaries
The right side of the heart pumps
deoxygenated blood to the lungs
pace maker
device used to regulate the rhythm of the heart
Cells must ____ to pass through capillaries
distort
mammals have __________ circulation
double
red blood cells scientific name
erythrocytes
which major artery supplies blood to the intestine
gastric artery
What gives RBCs their red color?
hemoglobin
what permits red blood cells to carry oxygen and co2 ?
hemoglobin
which major artery supplies blood to the liver
hepatic artery
arteries carry blood at
high pressure
active natural immunity
immunity gained through illness and recovery
passive immunity
immunity in which antibodies are given to a person rather than produced within the person's own body
active immunity
immunity produced by exposure to an antigen, as a result of the immune response
passive artificially acquired immunity
injecting antibodies derived from serum of infected people or animals
Platelets
irregularly shaped elements that assist in the clotting of blood
Function of capillaries
is to allow exchange of materials between the blood and the tissues e.g co2 ,oxygen ,nutrients etc
function of plasma
it transports dissolved substances around the body and defends it against disease
Adaptations of RBC
lacks nucleus (more space to carry o2 and co2) contains hemoglobin( transport molecule) oval bio concave disk (increased surface area for diffusion of gases)
largest and smallest arteries
largest-aorta smallest-Arterioles
white blood cells scientific name
leukocytes
what is plasma
liquid portion of blood
capillaries have no
muscular and elastic fibres
How thick are capillaries?
one cell thick
left side of heart pumps
oxygenated blood to the rest of the body
capillaries have ____ walls to allow the ______ of materials
permeable ,exchange
The two types of WBCs are
phagocytes and lymphocytes
other than being a transport molecule , hemoglobin is a
pigment
Why do veins have valves?
prevent back flow of blood
arteries usually carry oxygenated blood except during
pulmonary circulation
which major artery supplies blood to the kidney
renal artery
antibodies work for
specific antigens
Function of WBC
they are responsible for the defense /immune system of the body they fight infections protect our body from foreign particles, which includes harmful germs and bacteria.
Veins have _____ walls mainly collagen since blood flows at ___ pressure
thin ,low
the blood pressure at capillaries falls due to extremely
thin structure
veins carry blood
toward the heart
red blood cells function
transport oxygen
The function of red blood cells is to
transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
Active artificially acquired immunity
vaccine
examples of antigens
viruses, bacteria, fungi, allergens, transplanted tissue cells
Diastole
when the heart relaxes allowing the chambers to be filled with blood
are platelets smaller than WBCs and RBCs
yes
valve
A flap of tissue in the heart or a vein that prevents blood from flowing backward.
antigen
A protein that, when introduced in the blood, triggers the production of an antibody
Lymphocytes
A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies which are released to kill bacteria and other invading organisms
systole
Contraction of the heart to pump blood out
elastic fibres in arteries allow
artery to stretch under pressure
arteries carry blood
away from the heart
do arteries have valves?
No, only veins
What percentage of blood is plasma?
55%
Normal heart rate
60-100 bpm
veins usually carry deoxygenated blood except
(except in pulmonary circulation)
Process of blood clotting
1)Blood vessels constrict to reduce blood flow to damaged area 2)Activated platelets stick to injury site 3)Platelets become sticky and clump together to form platelet plug 4)Platelets and damaged tissue release clotting factors 5) Fibrin is formed which acts as a mesh to stop bleeding
What percentage of blood is RBC?
45%
blood types
A, B, AB, O
which major artery supplies blood to the lungs
Bronchial artery
List functions blood
It carries oxygen and nutrients to the different body cells. It also collects body wastes and carbon dioxide.
example of passive natural immunity
Mother's antibodies cross the placenta and in breast milk
systemic circulation
Movement of blood from heart to the body and vice versa
pulmonary circulation
Movement of blood from the heart, to the lungs, and vice versa
Antibodies
Protein that is produced by lymphocytes and that attaches to a specific antigen in order to destroy it
list what makes up blood
RBC (Red blood cells) ,WBC ( White Blood Cells) ,platelets ,plasma
Pace maker of the heart
SA node which control the rhythm of the heartbeat
why do veins have large lumen
To ease the flow of blood
largest and smallest veins
Vena Cava - largest vein Venules - smallest vein
Phagocytes
WBC shaped in such a way to engulf and ingest bacteria in order to kill
3 types of blood vessels
arteries, veins, capillaries
plasma
Yellowish liquid part of the blood that carries cells and nutrients around the body
