CIS ch. 13, 15, 16

application life cycle management (ALM)

a broad term to describe complete systems that can be used to create and manage an application throughout it's entire life cycle -- from design through retirement

high-level language

a class of programming languages that is closer to natural language and easier to work with than a low-level language

fourth-generation language (4GL)

a class of programming languages that is closer to natural language and is easier to work with than high-level languages

low-level language

a class of programming languages that is highly detailed and machine dependent

government database

a collection of data about people that is collected and maintained by the government

marketing database

a collection of data about people that is stored in a large database and used for marketing purposes

integrated development environment (IDE)

a collection of tools used with a particular programming language to develop and text software programs

source code

a computer program before it's compiled

iterative development

a cyclical approach that allows the repetition of steps and tasks as needed

ruggedized device

a device (portable computer or mobile phone) that is designed to withstand much more physical abuse than its conventional counterpart

uninterruptible power supply (UPS)

a device containing a built-in battery that provides continues power to a computer and other connected components when the electricity goes out

surge compressor

a device that protects hardware from damage due to electrical functions

patent

a form of protection for an invention that can be granted by the government; gives exclusive rights of an invention to its inventor for 20 years

self-encrypting hard drive

a hard drive that uses full disk encryption

FORTRAN

a high-level language used for mathematical, scientific, and engineering applications

COBOL

a high-level programming language developed for transaction processing applications

C

a high-level structured programming language that has the execution efficiently of an assembly language

Java

a high-level, object-oriented programming language frequently used for web applications

python

a high-level, open source, dynamic, object-oriented programming language that can be used to develop a wide variety of applications

dart

a high-level, open source, object-oriented programming language developed by Google and designed to replace JavaScript in web applications

ruby

a high-level, open source, object-oriented programming language that is often used to develop web applications

compiler

a language translator that converts an entire program into machine language before executing it

interpreter

a language translator that converts program statements line-by-line into machine language, immediately executing each statement

machine language

a low-level programming language in which the program code consists of 0s and 1s

assembly language

a low-level programming language that uses names and other symbols to replace some of the 0s and 1s in machine language

variable

a named memory location defined in a computer program that is used to store the current value of a data item used in that program

C++

a newer, object-oriented version of the C programming language

control structure

a pattern for controlling the flow of logic in a computer program, module, or method

privacy policy

a policy, commonly posted on a company's webs site, that explains how personal information provided to that company will be used

flowchart

a program design tool that graphically shows step-by-step the actions a computer program will take

pseudocode

a program that uses English-like statements to outline the logic of a program

logic error

a programming error that occurs when running a program produces incorrect results

syntax error

a programming error that occurs when the programmer has not followed the rules of the programming language

software development kit (SDK)

a programming package designed for a particular platform that enables programmers to develop application for that platform more quickly and easily

macro

a sequence of saved actions (ex. keystrokes, mouse clicks, menu selections)

repetition control structure

a series of statements in a loop that are repeated until a particular condition is met

selection control structure

a series of statements in which the results of a decision determine the direction the program takes

sequence control structure

a series of statements that follow one another

application program interface (API)

a set of commands, functions, and protocols used by programmers when building software for a particular operating system (or apps to interface with a particular web site)

infinite loop

a set of instructions that repeat forever

unified modeling language (UML)

a set of standard notions for creating business models; widely used for modeling object oriented programs

programming language

a set of words, rules, symbols, and codes used to write computer programs

language translator

a software program that converts source code to object code

pascal

a structured, high-level programming language often used to teach structured programming, especially appropriate for use in math and science applications

digital watermark

a subtle alteration of digital content that is not noticeable when the work is viewed or played but that identifies the copyright holder

full disk encryption (FDE)

a technology that encrypts everything stored on a storage medium automatically, without any user interaction

email filter

a tool that automatically sorts your incoming email messages based on specific criteria

visual basic

a version of BASIC programming language that uses a visual programming environment and supports object-oriented programming

wireframe

a visual representation of the overall design and logic of an app or web site

trademark

a word, phrase, or symbol that identifies goods or services

case control structure

allows for as many possible results of the specified condition as needed

object-oriented programming (OOP)

an approach to program design in which a program consist of objects that contain data (attributes) and processes (methods) to be used with those objects

procedural programming

an approach to program design in which a program is separated into small modules that are called by the main program or another module when needed

aspect-oriented programming

an approach to program design in which different functions are clearly separated so program components can be developed and modified independently from one another, and the components can be easily reused with separate, non related objects

agile software development (ASD)

an approach to program design that uses short development cycles in order to produce small functional pieces of a program on an ongoing basis

BASIC

an easy to learn, high level programming language that was developed to be used by beginging programmers

throw away email address

an email adress used only for nonessential purposes and activities that may result in spam; the address can be disposed and replaced if spam becomes an issue

spam filter

an email filter used to redirect spam from a users inbox

computer hoax

an inaccurate statement or story spread through the use of computers

inherits

automatically posses

structured programming

breaks program into very small modules of code that perform a single task and prohibiting the use of GOTO statements

aspects

code segments that can be used as needed without having to repeat the code throughout the program

assembler

converts assembly language statements into machine language

adaptive software developments

designed to make program development faster or more efficient and focus on adapting the program as it is being written

incremental development

developing one piece at a time

spaghetti code

disorganized, jumble of statements making it difficult to follow

decision symbol

indicates two paths that can be taken depending on whether the result is true or false

configuration management

keeping track of the progress of a program development project

employee monitoring

observing employees while on the job

programmer

person who writes test, and maintains computer programs

interpretors

reads, translates, and executes the source code one line at a time as the program is run, every time the program is run

issue tracking

recording issues (bugs or other issues that come up during program development

procedures

small sections of program code also called modules or subprograms

computer monitoring software

software that can be used to record an individuals computer usage, such as capturing images of the screen, recording the keystrokes used, or creating a summary of websites and programs accessed

digital rights management (DRM) software

software used to protect and manage the rights of creators of digital content (art, music, photographs, and movies)

presence technology

technology that enables one computing device (such as computer or mobile device) to locate and identify the current status of another device on the same network

cybersquatting

the act of registering a domain name with the intent to profit from the goodwill of a trademark belonging to someone else

system failure

the complete malfunction of a computer system

copyright

the legal right to sell, publish, or distribute an original art; it is held by the creator of a work as soon as it exists in physical form

intellectual property rights

the legal rights to which original creative works are entitled (inventions, art, literacy, logos, etc)

object code

the machine language version of computer program generated when the programs source code is compiled

C#

the newest, object-oriented version of the C programming language

programming coding

the phase of the program development life cycle in which the program code is written using a programming language

program implementation and maintenance

the phase of the program development life cycle in which the program is implemented and then maintained, as needed, to remain useful

program design

the phase of the program development life cycle in which the program specifications are expanded into a complete design of the new program

program debugging and testing

the phase of the program development life cycle that ensures a program is correct and works as intended

problem analysis

the phase of the program development life cycles in which the problem is carefully considered and the program specifications are developed

program development life cycle (PDLC)

the process containing the five phases of program development; analyzing, designing, coding, debugging and testing, and implementing and maintaining application software

program development

the process of creating application programs

debugging

the process of ensuring a program is free of errors

coding

the process of writing the programming language statements to create a computer program

information privacy

the rights of individuals and companies to control how information about them is collected and used

software piracy

the unauthorized copying of a computer program

digital counterfeiting

the use of computers or other types of digital equipment to make illegal copies of currency, checks, collections, and other items

opt in

to request to be included from marketing activities or that your information be shared with other companies

opt out

to request to be removed from marketing activities or that your information not be shared with other companies; procedures are confusing and time-consuming, and they do not always work well

developer documentation

tools that may be useful when a programmer needs to look at or modify the program code in the future

spam

unsolicited, bulk email sent over the internet

electronic profiling

using electronic means to collect in-depth info about an individual, such as name, address, income, and buying habits

desk check

when a programmer walks though the program design