Cisco Netacad Chapter 4 test

What are two reasons for physical layer protocols to use frame encoding techniques?

to distinguish data bits from control bits & to identify where the frame starts and ends (An encoding technique converts a stream of data bits in a predefined code that can be recognized by both the transmitter and the receiver. Using predefined patterns helps to differentiate data bits from control bits and provide better media error detection.)

What is a role of the Logical Link Control sublayer?

to mark frames to identify the network layer protocol being carried (There are two data link sublayers, MAC and LLC. The LLC sublayer is responsible for communicating with the network layer and for tagging frames to identify what Layer 3 protocol is encapsulated.)

What is the function of the CRC value that is found in the FCS field of a frame?

to verify the integrity of the received frame (The CRC value in the FCS field of the received frame is compared to the computed CRC value of that frame, in order to verify the integrity of the frame. If the two values do not match, then the frame is discarded.)

What technique is used with UTP cable to help protect against signal interference from crosstalk?

twisting the wires together into pairs (To help prevent the effects of crosstalk, UTP cable wires are twisted together into pairs. Twisting the wires together causes the magnetic fields of each wire to cancel each other out.)

The throughput of a FastEthernet network is 80 Mb/s. The traffic overhead for establishing sessions, acknowledgments, and encapsulation is 15 Mb/s for the same time period. What is the goodput for this network?

65 Mb/s

A network administrator is required to upgrade wireless access to end users in a building. To provide data rates up to 1.3 Gb/s and still be backward compatible with older devices, which wireless standard should be implemented?

802.11ac

What is one advantage of using fiber optic cabling rather than copper cabling?

It is able to carry signals much farther than copper cabling. (Copper cabling is usually cheaper and easier to install than fiber optic cabling. However, fiber cables generally have a much greater signaling range than copper.)

As data travels on the media in a stream of 1s and 0s how does a receiving node identify the beginning and end of a frame?

The transmitting node inserts start and stop bits into the frame. (When data travels on the media, it is converted into a stream of 1s and 0s. The framing process inserts into the frame start and stop indicator flags so that the destination can detect the beginning and end of the frame.)

What are two characteristics of 802.11 wireless networks? (Choose two.)

They use CSMA/CA technology. & Collisions can exist in the networks.

Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for specifying the encapsulation method used for specific types of media?

data link (Encapsulation is a function of the data link layer. Different media types require different data link layer encapsulation.)

Which method of data transfer allows information to be sent and received at the same time?

full duplex

What is the definition of bandwidth?

the amount of data that can flow from one place to another in a given amount of time (The CRC value in the FCS field of the received frame is compared to the computed CRC value of that frame, in order to verify the integrity of the frame. If the two values do not match, then the frame is discarded.)

Refer to the exhibit. The PC is connected to the console port of the switch. All the other connections are made through FastEthernet links. Which types of UTP cables can be used to connect the devices?

1 - rollover, 2 - straight-through, 3 - crossover (A straight-through cable is commonly used to interconnect a host to a switch and a switch to a router. A crossover cable is used to interconnect similar devices together like switch to a switch, a host to a host, or a router to a router. If a switch has the MDIX capability, a crossover could be used to connect the switch to the router; however, that option is not available. A rollover cable is used to connect to a router or switch console port.)

Fill in the blank with a number. 10,000,000,000 b/s can also be written as _____ Gb/s.

10

What is one main characteristic of the data link layer?

It shields the upper layer protocol from being aware of the physical medium to be used in the communication.

Which type of connector does a network interface card use?

RJ-45

Which statement is correct about multimode fiber?

SC-SC patch cords are used with multimode fiber cables.

Which statement describes signaling at the physical layer?

Sending the signals asynchronously means that they are transmitted without a clock signal.

How is the magnetic field cancellation effect enhanced in UTP cables?

by increasing and varying the number of twists in each wire pair

Fill in the blank.A physical topology that is a variation or combination of a point-to-point, hub and spoke, or mesh topology is commonly known as a __________ topology.

hybrid (A hybrid topology is a variation or combination of a point-to-point, hub and spoke, or mesh topology. This may include a partial mesh or extended star topology.)

What are two examples of hybrid topologies? (Choose two.)

partial mesh & extended star (A hybrid topology is one that is a variation or a combination of other topologies. Both partial mesh and the extended star are examples of hybrid topologies.)

Which characteristic describes crosstalk?

the distortion of the transmitted messages from signals carried in adjacent wires (EMI and RFI can distort network signals because of interference from fluorescent lights or electric motors. Attenuation results in deterioration of the network signal as it travels along copper cabling. Wireless devices can experience loss of signals because of excessive distances from a access point, but this is not crosstalk. Crosstalk is the disturbance caused by the electric or magnetic fields of the signal carried on an adjacent wire within the same cable.)

What is the purpose of the FCS field in a frame?

to determine if errors occurred in the transmission and reception

What is a role of the Logical Link Control sublayer?

to mark frames to identify the network layer protocol being carried

A network administrator is designing the layout of a new wireless network. Which three areas of concern should be accounted for when building a wireless network? (Choose three.)

security, interference, & coverage area (The three areas of concern for wireless networks focus on the size of the coverage area, any nearby interference, and providing network security. Extensive cabling is not a concern for wireless networks, as a wireless network will require minimal cabling for providing wireless access to hosts. Mobility options are not a component of the areas of concern for wireless networks.)

What is indicated by the term throughput?

the measure of the bits transferred across the media over a given period of time. (Throughput is the measure of the transfer of bits across the media over a given period of time. Throughput is affected by a number of factors such as, EMI and latency, so it rarely matches the specified bandwidth for a network medium. The throughput measurement includes user data bits and other data bits, such as overhead, acknowledging, and encapsulation. The measure of the usable data transferred across the media is called goodput.)

What is contained in the trailer of a data-link frame?

error detection (The trailer in a data-link frame contains error detection information that is pertinent to the frame included in the FCS field. The header contains control information, such as the addressing, while the area that is indicated by the word "data" includes the data, transport layer PDU, and the IP header.)

Which statement describes an extended star topology?

End devices connect to a central intermediate device, which in turn connects to other central intermediate devices. (In an extended star topology, central intermediate devices interconnect other star topologies.)

Refer to the exhibit. What is wrong with the displayed termination?

The untwisted length of each wire is too long. (When a cable to an RJ-45 connector is terminated, it is important to ensure that the untwisted wires are not too long and that the flexible plastic sheath surrounding the wires is crimped down and not the bare wires. None of the colored wires should be visible from the bottom of the jack.)

Why are two strands of fiber used for a single fiber optic connection?

They allow for full-duplex connectivity. (Light can only travel in one direction down a single strand of fiber. In order to allow for full-duplex communication two strands of fiber must be connected between each device.)

What are two services performed by the data link layer of the OSI model? (Choose two.)

It accepts Layer 3 packets and encapsulates them into frames. (The data link layer is responsible for the exchange of frames between nodes over a physical network media. Specifically the data link layer performs two basic services:It accepts Layer 3 packets and encapsulates them into frames.It provides media access control and performs error detection.Path determination is a service provided at Layer 3. A Layer 2 switch builds a MAC address table as part of its operation, but path determination is not the service that is provided by the data link layer.)

Refer to the exhibit. Which statement describes the media access control methods that are used by the networks in the exhibit?

All three networks use CSMA/CANone of the networks require media access control. Network 1 uses CSMA/CD and Network 3 uses CSMA/CA.**Network 1 uses CSMA/CA and Network 2 uses CSMA/CD.Network 2 uses CSMA/CA and Network 3 uses CSMA/CD.

A network administrator notices that some newly installed Ethernet cabling is carrying corrupt and distorted data signals. The new cabling was installed in the ceiling close to fluorescent lights and electrical equipment. Which two factors may interfere with the copper cabling and result in signal distortion and data corruption? (Choose two.)

EMI & RFI (EMI and RFI signals can distort and corrupt data signals that are carried by copper media. These distortions usually come from radio waves and electromagnetic devices such as motors and florescent lights. Crosstalk is a disturbance that is caused by adjacent wires bundled too close together with the magnetic field of one wire affecting another. Signal attenuation is caused when an electrical signal begins to deteriorate over the length of a copper cable.)

Fill in the blank.What acronym is used to reference the data link sublayer that identifies the network layer protocol encapsulated in the frame?

LLC (Logical Link Control (LLC) is the data link sublayer that defines the software processes that provide services to the network layer protocols. LLC places information in the frame and that information identifies the network layer protocol that is encapsulated in the frame.)

What is true concerning physical and logical topologies?

Logical topologies refer to how a network transfers data between devices. (Physical topologies show the physical interconnection of devices. Logical topologies show the way the network will transfer data between connected nodes.)

Match the characteristics to the correct type of fiber. (Not all options are used.)

Multimode Fiber = LED as light source, several paths of light into the fiber, generally used with LANs. Single-mode Fiber = only one ray of light into the fiber, generally used for campus backbone, laser as light source. (Single-mode fiber uses a laser as the light source. Its small core produces a single straight path for light and it is commonly used with campus backbones. Multimode fiber uses LEDs as the light source. Its larger core allows for multiple paths for the light. It is commonly used with LANs.)

Refer to the exhibit. Which statement describes the media access control methods that are used by the networks in the exhibit?

Network 1 uses CSMA/CD and Network 3 uses CSMA/CA. (Network 1 represents an Ethernet LAN. Data on the wired LAN accesses the media using CSMA/CD. Network 2 represents a point-to-point WAN connection so no media access method is required. Network 3 represents a WLAN and data accesses the network using CSMA/CA.)

Match the steps to the physical layer operations that occur when data is sent from one node and received at another node.

Sort elements. The physical layer encodes the frames -> Step 1. The physical layer creates the signals that represent the bits in each frame -> Step 2. The signals are sent on the media one at a time. -> Step 3. The physical layer retrieves the individual signals from the media -> Step 4. The physical layer restores the individual signals to their bit representations -> Step 5

Fill in the blank.The term _______________ indicates the capacity of a medium to carry data and it is typically measured in kilobits per second (kb/s) or megabits per second (Mb/s).

bandwidth (Bandwidth is the capacity of a medium to carry data in a given amount of time. It is typically measured in kilobits per second (kb/s) or megabits per second (Mb/s).​)