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Layers of OSI

1. Physical layer (transmits raw bit stream over the physical medium) 2. Data link layer (Defines the format of data on the network) 3. Network layer (Decides which physical path the data will take) 4. Transport layer (Transmits data using transmission protocols including TCP and UPD) 5. Session layer (Maintains connections and is responsible for controlling ports and sessions) 6. Presentation layer (Ensures that data is in a usable format and is where data encryption occurs) 7. Application layer (Human-computer ineteraction layer, where applications can access the network services)

What is complier

A compiler is a program that translates text written in a programming language into a set of machine codes.

memory block is

A memory block is a group of one or more contiguous chars ("bytes" - see note) of (real or virtual) memory. The malloc(size_t size) function allocates a memory block. The size is how large (in chars) the block should be.

An instruction set is

An instruction set, or instruction set architecture, is the aggregate set of instructions that a computer's processor can execute. Everything a computer does, from running a word processing application to encoding video files, boils down to some combination of these commands.

Interrupt is

An interrupt is a signal from software or hardware that informs the processor about the occurrence of an event that requires immediate attention. An interrupt notifies the processor that a high-priority event has occurred that requires an interrupt in the current code being executed by the processor

What is computer networks?

Computer networks. A computer network is a group of computers that use a set of common communication protocols over digital interconnections for the purpose of sharing resources located on or provided by the network nodes. They are identified by hostnames and network addresses.

Difference between Software and Hardware

Essentially, hardware is the hardware that is used to build a working computer, while software is made up of codes and programs that enable you to perform various tasks with that hardware.

Extranet network

Extranet is a corporate network protected from unauthorized access that uses Internet technologies for internal corporate purposes, as well as to provide part of corporate information and corporate applications to the company's business partners.

Program execution process

For a program to be executed, it must be placed in the computer's RAM. The original data should also be placed there. Typically, the program is entered into RAM from the hard disk. The initial data is entered from the keyboard or also from the hard disk, where they must be placed in advance using another program. The program places the results of its work in a specific area of ​​the RAM, where they can be displayed on some external device, which can be a hard disk, a display screen, a printing device. The program is written by a programmer in one of the programming languages. A computer processor can actually execute only machine language instructions. The transformation of the source code of the program into machine codes is performed by a special program - a translator. A machine code program that is ready for execution is called an object program. Для того чтобы программа могла быть выполненной, она должна быть помещена в оперативную память компьютера. Туда же должны быть помещены и исходные данные. Как правило, программа вводится в оперативную память с жесткого диска. Исходные данные вводятся с клавиатуры либо также с жесткого диска, куда они должны быть заранее помещены с помощью другой программы. Результаты своей работы программа помещает в определенную область оперативной памяти, куда они могут быть выведены на какое-либо внешнее устройство, которым может быть жесткий диск, экран дисплея, печатающее устройство. Программа пишется программистом на одном из языков программирования. Процессор ЭВМ может реально выполнять только команды машинного языка. Преобразование исходного текста программы в машинные коды выполняется специальной программой - транслятором. Программа в машинных кодах, готовая к исполнению, называется объектной программой.

HTTP is

HTTP is an application-level data transfer protocol, originally in the form of hypertext documents in HTML format, currently used to transfer arbitrary data.

Hardware

Hardware, "hardware" - electronic and mechanical parts of a computing device that are part of a system or network, excluding software and data.

Intranet network

Intranet - Unlike the Internet, it is the internal private network of an organization or large government agency. Typically, an intranet is a miniature Internet that is built on the use of IP to exchange and share some of the information within the organization.

Multitasking

Multitasking is a property of an operating system or runtime to provide the ability to process multiple tasks in parallel. True operating system multitasking is possible only in distributed computing systems.

Multithreading

Multithreading is a platform or application property that a process spawned in an operating system can consist of several threads running "in parallel", that is, without a prescribed order in time.

OSI network model is

OSI (картиночка) OSI Network Model - The network model of the OSI / ISO network protocol stack. Through this model, various network devices can communicate with each other. The model defines various levels of interaction between systems. Each level performs specific functions in this interaction.

What is Operating system

Operating system, abbr. OS is a complex of interconnected programs designed to manage computer resources and organize interaction with the user.

Peripheral device is

Peripheral device - equipment that allows you to enter information into a computer or output it from it. (input and output devices)

Memory of memory block

Permanent memory is like storage, which stays in same place, like files on HDD or SSD Regular memory is like, it loads and unloads when a process/system starts and shuts down (includes just system files, like your OS or stuff about currently running processes)

Program is

Program is a set of instructions

Permanent memory of memory block

Read only memory (ROM) is the permanent memory which is used to store these important control programs and systems software to perform a variety of functions, such as booting up or starting up programs. ROM is non-volatile. Data in RAM is not permanently written.

Software

Software all programs and OS a program or set of programs used to control a computer

Source code translators

Source code is the text of a computer program in any programming language or markup language that can be read by a person. In a generalized sense, any input data for a translator. Translators - compilers