CIT 352 OS chp 5

Which of the following statements are true?

-Quotas can limit both user space and the number of files a user can own - Hard limits can never be exceeded - Soft limits allow a user to exceed them for a certain period of time

You plug a USB flash memory drive into a system that has two SATA hard disks. How will the partition on the USB flash memory drive be identified by Linux?

/dev/sdc1

mkfs (make filesystem)

A command used to format or create filesystems

mount

A command used to mount filesystems on a device to mount point directories

mkswap

A command used to prepare newly created swap partitions for use by the Linux system

/proc/devices

A file that contains currently used device information

device file

A file used by Linux commands that represents a specific device on the system; These files do not have a data section and use major and minor numbers to reference the proper driver and specific device on the system, respectively.

/etc/fstab

A file used to specify which filesystem to mount automatically at boot time and queried by the mount

physical volume (PV)

A hard disk partition that is used by the LVM

soft limit

A hard disk quota that the user can exceed for a certain period of time

hard limit

A hard disk quota that the user cannot exceed

partition

A physical division of a hard disk drive

mounting

A process used to associate a device with a directory in the logical directory tree such that users can store data on that device

cylinder

A series of tracks on a hard disk that are written to simultaneously by the magnetic heads in a hard disk drive.

logical volume manager (LVM)

A set of software components within Linux that can be used to manage the storage of information across several different hard disks on a Linux system

logical volume (LV)

A volume that is managed by the LVM and composed of free space within a VG

ISO images

Files that contain an ISO 9660 filesystem within

Solid-State Drives(SSDs)

Hard disk devices that use flash memory chips for storage instead of electromagnetic platters

A user runs the fsck command with the - a option on a filesystem that is showing signs of corruption. How would that user locate any files the system was unable to repair?

Mount the filesystem and check the lost+found directory underneath the mount point

disk-burning software

Software that can be used to record data to CD-RW or DVD-RW media

track

The area on a hard disk that forms a concentric circle of sectors.

bad blocks

The areas of a storage medium

physical extent (PE) size

The block size used by the LVM when storing data on a volume group

mount point

The directory in a file structure to which something is mounted

/dev directory

The directory off the root where device files are typically stored.

filesystem corruption

The errors in a filesystem structure that prevent the retrieval of stored data

root filesystem

The filesystem that contains most files that make up the operating system; it should have enough free space to prevent errors and slow performance

hard disk quotas

The limits on the number of files, or total storage space on a hard disk drive, available to a user

quotas

The limits that can be imposed on users and groups for filesystem usage

major number

The number used by the kernel to identify which device driver to call to interact properly with a given category of hardware; hard disk drives, CD-ROM's and video cards are all categories of hardware; similar devices share a common major number

minor number

The number used by the kernel to identify which specific hardware device, within a given category, to use a driver to communicate with; see also major number

filesystem

The organization imposed on a physical storage medium that is used to manage the storage and retrieval of data

formatting

The process in which a filesystem is placed on a hardisk

syncing

The process of writing data to the hard disk drive that was stored in RAM

sector

The smallest unit of data storage on a hard disk; sectors are arranged into concentric circles called tracks and can be grouped into blocks for use by the system

character devices

The storage devices that transfer data to and from the system one data bit at a time; they are represented by character device files

block

The unit of data commonly used by filesystem commands; a block can contain several sectors

A user mounts a device to a mount point directory and realizes afterwards that there are files previously found within the mount point directory that are needed. What should this user do?

Unmount the device from the directory

volume group

VG is a group of physical volumes that are used by the LVM

Which of the following statements regarding LVM structure is correct?

VGs are composed of one or more PVs

You want to see the filesystem that are presently in used on the system. What command could you use?

cat /etc/mtab

du command

command that displays directory usage

mkisofs

command to make ISO image from one or many files on the system

pvscan

command to view LVM physical volumes

quotaon

command used to activate disk quotas

vgextend

command used to add additional physical volumes to an LVM volume group

lvextend

command used to add additional space from volume groups to existing LVM logical volumes

umount

command used to break the association between between a device and a directory in the logical directory tree

fsck(file system check)

command used to check integrity of filesystem and repair damaged files

lvcreate

command used to create LVM logical volumes

pvcreate

command used to create LVM physical volumes

vgcreate

command used to create LVM volume groups

fdisk

command used to create, delete, and manipulate partitions on hard disks

quotaoff

command used to deactivate disk quotas

swapoff

command used to disable a partition for use as virtual memory on the Linux system

df

command used to display disk free space by filesystem

swapon

command used to enable a partition for use as virtual memory

fuser

command used to identify any users or processes using a particular file or directory

tune2fs

command used to modify ext2 and ext3 filesystem parameters

cfdisk

command used to partition hardisks; it displays a graphical interface in which the user can select partitioning options.

requota

command used to produce a report on quotas for a particular filesystem

/dev/MAKEDEV

command used to re create a device file if one or more of the following pieces of device information is unknown: major number, minor number, or type(character or block)

mknod

command used to re-create a device file, provided the major number, minor number and type (character or block) are known

edquota

command used to specify quota limits for users and groups

lvdisplay

command used to view LVM logical volumes

lvscan

command used to view LVM logical volumes

pvdisplays

command used to view LVM physical volumes

vgdisplay

command used to view LVM volume groups

vgscan

command used to view LVM volume groups

quota

command used to view disk quotas imposed on a user

Which command is used to display the amount of free space that exists on a filesystem

df

Which command is used to format a partition on a hard disk drive with the ext4 filesystem?

mke2fs -t ext4 device

Which command mounts all existing filesystems in /etc/fstab?

mount -a