CITI Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) - Basic

Which one of the following is most likely to constitute an act of plagiarism?

Copying someone else's text word-for-word without using quotation marks and adding a citation at the end of the material.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the responsibilities of reviewers?

Reviewers should identify the positive and negative aspects of a manuscript, and indicate where improvements are needed.

Which of the following is most likely to own the data resulting from a research project?

The organization that receives federal funding for a project.

What is the most appropriate course of action for a trainee who has a problem with a mentor?

After trying to communicate directly with the mentor, the trainee should seek advice from a senior person that the trainee trusts.

A reviewer's main responsibility is to:

Behave professionally.

Which of the following statements is true regarding authorship practices?

Both within and between disciplines, practices differ with regard to who should be included as an author, and in what order they should be listed.

What are the three main goals of data lifecycle management (DLM)?

Confidentiality, availability, and integrity

Which of the following is true regarding research misconduct?

Federal funding agencies typically rely on an institution to make the initial response to an allegation of research misconduct.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the review process for grant proposals?

Funding agencies usually have committees, often with external reviewers, that assess the quality of the proposal.

Which of the following is the most effective strategy for preventing research misconduct?

Good mentoring

Which of the following is the primary criterion for authorship?

Having made a significant intellectual contribution to the work.

Which of the following is the main reason why proper training in euthanasia techniques is important?

Improper techniques can cause unnecessary pain and distress in animals.

The two main criteria that the National Science Foundation (NSF) uses to evaluate grant proposals are:

Intellectual merit and broader impact.

What is the main function of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 as it relates to academic institutions?

It allows institutions to have control over the intellectual property from federally-funded research.

Which of the following statements about mentoring is true?

Mentors can provide valuable advice to trainees regarding career decisions and contacts with leaders in their field of research.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the mentoring relationship?

Mentors teach trainees about aspects of academic life that are not covered in textbooks.

If a researcher creates the idea for a project and is not listed in the preferred author order position on resulting publications, is this considered to be research misconduct under federal policy?

No; instead it is a type of authorship dispute.

Which type of inappropriate practice most likely occurred if a researcher takes credit for someone else's idea and does not acknowledge the original source?

Plagiarism

Which one of the following statements most accurately describes how plagiarism has been defined in this module?

Plagiarism applies not only to ideas that are found in print but also those that are communicated verbally.

Which of the following represents plagiarism?

Presenting someone else's ideas or words and claiming them as one's own.

When authors summarize the work of others, they typically should:

Provide a condensed (shorter) version of the original material.

Which of the following is most directly related to successful mentoring?

Someone who is committed to the professional development of the trainee.

The reuse of one's previously published material in a new journal article is most appropriate if:

The author informs all the relevant parties and obtains permission to do so.

Which of the following is a key reason why international collaborations can be challenging?

The collaborators may have different disciplinary and cultural backgrounds and practices.

Which of the following is true regarding an acknowledgments section?

The contributions of technicians and other researchers are often listed in the acknowledgments section if they do not meet all of the criteria for authorship.

Which of the following most accurately describes the process that must occur when working with research animals covered by U.S. federal regulations?

The research team must obtain IACUC approval for the proposed research procedures prior to starting the work.

What is the most appropriate process for research collaborators to use in determining which journal they should submit their work to?

The research team should discuss the issue early on and while the project is ongoing.

Which of the following most accurately describes the responsibilities of a trainee in the mentoring relationship?

The trainee must take an active role in the relationship and clearly communicate needs and expectations.

Which of the following most clearly illustrates Russell and Burch's Replacement concept?

The use of computer modeling software instead of using animals in an experiment.

What is the primary purpose of the "3Rs" concept from Russell and Burch?

To decrease the use of animals in research and to minimize pain and distress caused by animal experiments.

What is the primary responsibility of oversight bodies (such as an IRB or IACUC)?

To determine compliance with regulatory requirements, including those relating to protecting research subjects.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the regulations that govern research?

U.S. funded research collaborations are often governed by U.S. regulations no matter where the research takes place.

Which of the following is most likely to be considered plagiarism?

Using materials from a source without proper citation.

Proper paraphrasing of a sentence written by someone else may be accomplished by:

Using your own words and writing voice to express the idea conveyed in the sentence.

In the research context, the term validity most commonly refers to:

Whether operationalized terms actually measure what they purport to measure.

Which of the following is true regarding data acquisition?

Data acquisition should follow a detailed collection plan that is set in advance.

A research collaboration can be enhanced by:

Discussing intellectual property issues while the collaboration is forming.

Which of the following is empowered by the U.S. federal government to review and approve research activities involving vertebrate animals?

The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)

Which of the following is the most appropriate step to take if authors believe that their manuscript was reviewed unfairly?

The author can contact the editor with their concerns.

Which author is normally responsible for sharing reprints of a publication with readers?

The corresponding author.