Civics: Chapter 11

The Constitution places four limits on Congress's power to tax: (1) Congress may tax only for _____ purposes, not for ______ benefit (2) Congress may not tax _____ (3) _____ taxes must be apportioned among the States, according to their populations (4) ______ taxes must be levied at a uniform rate in all parts of the country

(1) Public; private (2) exports (3) direct (4) indirect

The Constitution places four limits on Congress's use of the commerce power: (1) Congress cannot tax ______ (2) Congress cannot favor the _____ of one state over those of any other in the regulation of trade (3) Congress cannot require that ______ bound to, or from, one state, be obliged to enter, clear or pay duties in another (4) Congress could not interfere with the _____ (through 1808)

(1) exports (2) ports (3) vessels (4) slave trade

The commerce power is granted in the ______ Clause of the Constitution

Commerce

In certain circumstances, the constitution gives _____ special electoral duties.

Congress

The Constitution gives ____ the power: "To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States..." in Article ____, Section ____, Clause _____.

Congress; 1; 8; 1

Clause 9 - to create ______ inferior to the Supreme Court - peacetime or war time?

Courts Peacetime

_____ is the practice of spending more money than received in revenue and borrowing to make up the difference

Deficit financing

Clause 17 - to exercise exclusive jurisdiction over the _______ and other federal properties - peacetime or war time?

District of Columbia Peacetime

Principle or fundamental policy

Doctrine

name given to the Necessary and Proper clause (Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18) because it has been stretched so far and made to cover so much over the years

Elastic clause

To establish naturalization law - Expressed or implied?

Expressed

To establish post offices - Expressed or implied?

Expressed

To lay and collect taxes - Expressed or implied?

Expressed

To raise armies and a navy - Expressed or implied?

Expressed

to regulate commerce - Expressed or implied?

Expressed

To draft Americans into the military - Expressed or implied?

Implied

To regulate and limit immigration - Expressed or implied?

Implied

to establish a minimum wage, to ban discrimination in workplaces and public facilities, to pass laws protecting the disabled, to regulate banking - Expressed or implied?

Implied

to prohibit mail fraud and obstruction of the mails, to bar the shipping of certain items through the mails - Expressed or implied?

Implied

to punish tax evaders, to regulate (license) the sale of some commodities (such as alcohol) and outlaw the use of others (such as narcotics), to require states to meet certain conditions to qualify for federal funding - Expressed or implied?

Implied

What are examples of a direct tax?

Income tax or property tax

Chief Justice _____ ruled in favor of the second bank, giving sweeping approval to the concept of _____

John Marshall; implied powers

Clause 14 - to make laws governing ____ and _____ - peacetime or war time?

Land and naval forces War time

_____ is any kind of money that a creditor must by law accept in payment for debts

Legal tender

Who favored a liberal interpretation of the Constitution, a broad interpretation of the powers given to Congress?

Liberal Constructionists

Congress CANNOT: _____ (7)

1. create a national public school system 2. require people to vote 3. require people to attend church 4. set a minimum age for marriage of driver's license 5. abolish jury trials 6. confiscate all guns 7. censor the content of newspaper columns, or tv or radio broadcasts

Congress may choose to conduct investigations through its standing committees for several reasons: 1. To gather _____ useful to congress in the making of some _____ 2. To oversee the _____ of various executive branch agencies 3. To focus ______ on a particular subject 4. To expose the questionable ______ of public officials or private persons 5. To promote the particular _____ of some members of congress

1. information; legislation 2. operations 3. Public attention 4. activities 5. interests

Only ____ of over 600 cabinet appointments to date have been declined.

12

For works created after Jan. 1, 1978, copyrights last for _____ years after the death of the author

70

Who led the Liberal Constructionists?

Alexander Hamilton

Congress also has the power to restrict the use of ______ in combat in areas where a state of war does not exist (War Powers Resolution of 1973)

American forces

Assign to a particular use

Appropriate

Clause 12 - to raise and support ______ - peacetime or war time?

Armies War time

_____ is the legal preceding in which the bankrupt person's assets are distributed among those to who, debt is owed

Bankruptcy

_____ is the process by which citizens of one country become citizens of another

Naturalization

Clause 13 - to provide and maintain a _____ - peacetime or war time?

Navy War time

Clause 18 - to make all laws ____ and ____ to the execution of any of the other Expressed Powers - peacetime or war time?

Necessary and Proper Peacetime

The _______ gives to Congress the power: "To make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof." (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18)

Necessary and Proper Clause

Clause 8 - to grant _____ and ______ - peacetime or war time?

Patents and copyrights Peacetime

Clause 7 - to establish ______ - peacetime or war time?

Post offices Peacetime

The _____ Power - Article I, Section 8, Clause 7 says that congress has the power "to establish _____ and _____"

Postal; post offices; post roads

If no candidate for Vice President receives a majority in the electoral college, the _____ decides the election.

Senate

"_____" is the practice in which the senate will turn down an appointment if it is opposed by a senator of the presidents party from the state involved.

Senatorial Courtesy

Who argues that congress should be able to exercise (1) its expressed powers and (2) those implied powers absolutely necessary to carry out those expressed powers?

Strict Constructionists

Senator also may be considering the President's nomination of a new ______, or a new member of his ______

Supreme Court justice; cabinet

Congress may create all of the federal courts below the _____ and structure the _____

Supreme Court; federal judiciary

found not guilty

acquit

The formation of the _____ of the United States spawned controversy between ____ and ____ constructionists

bank; strict and liberal

Article 1, Section 8, Clause 4 gives Congress the power "to establish...uniform laws on the subject of _____ throughout the United States"

bankruptcies

Who led the Strict Constructionists?

Thomas Jefferson

Article ____ gives congress the power to propose amendments by a ____ vote in each house.

V; 2/3

Congress's _____ Powers are extensive and substantial, including: the power to raise and support _____, to provide and maintain a _____, and to organize, arm, and discipline the ____

War; armies; navy; military

formal condemnation of behavior

censure

Article 1, Section 8, Clause 5 gives Congress the power "to _____ and regulate the ____ thereof"

coin money; value

Clause 3 - to regulate foreign and interstate ____ - peacetime or war time?

commerce Peacetime

the power of congress to regulate interstate and foreign trade

commerce power

a general agreement

consensus

A ____ is the exclusive right of an author to reproduce, publish, and sell his or her creative work

copyright

Clause 6 - to punish ______ of federal money and securities - peacetime or war time?

counterfeiters Peacetime

6 steps to impeachment (sixth) 6. The senate _____ the articles, publicly or privately. The senate can vote to drop the case, _____ (publicly condemn) or convict. ____ vote is needed for conviction. If convicted, the official is removed from office.

debates; censure; 2/3

These limits mean that Congress has only those powers _____ (granted) to it by the ______.

delegated; Constitution

a _____ tax is paid by the person on whom it is imposed.

direct

One way of acquiring property is through _____, the inherent power to take private property for public use

eminent domain

The constitution grants congress the power of removing the president, Vice President, or other civil officers from their office through ______.

impeachment

bring charges against the individual

impeachment

The ______ powers are granted by reasonable deduction from the expressed powers.

implied

to establish the federal reserve system of banks - Expressed or implied?

implied

In reality, Congress operates under some very real limits: 1. The government of the U.S. is a ______ government 2. The U.S. system of government is in _____ form

limited; federal

Clause 15 - to provide for summoning the _____ to execute federal laws, suppress uprisings, and repel invasions - peacetime or war time?

militia War time

Clause 16 - to provide for organizing, arming, and discipline the _____ and governing it when in the service of the ____ - peacetime or war time?

militia; union War time

Clause 2 - to borrow ____ - peacetime or war time?

money peacetime

Article 1, Section 8, Clause 2 gives Congress the power "to borrow _____ on the _____ of the United States"

money; credit

Clause 5 - to coin _____ and regulate its _____; to regulate _____ and _____ - peacetime or war time?

money; value; weights and measures peacetime

Clause 4 - to create ______ laws; to create ______ laws - peacetime or war time?

naturalization; bankruptcy Peacetime

A ____ grants a person the sole right to manufacture, use, or sell "any new and useful art, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter"

patent

lying under oath

prejury

The _____ is all of the money borrowed by the government over the years and not yet repaid, plus the accumulated interest on that money

public debt

What are examples of an indirect tax?

sales tax; federal tax on cigarettes, alcohol, gasoline

Clause 10 - to define and punish crimes at ____ and _____ of international law - peacetime or war time?

sea; violators Peacetime

In McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819, the formation of the _____ of the United States was challenged by _____ constructionists

second bank; strict

Congress has the inherent power to act on matters affecting the _____ of the nation

security

6 steps to impeachment (fourth) 4. The _____ tries the case. If the president is to be tried, the ______ presides. Selected house members act as ______ (prosecutors).

senate; Supreme Court Chief Justice; managers

All major appointments made by the president must be confirmed by the _____ by _____ vote.

senate; majority

legal order directing one to appear in court and/ or to produce certain evidence

subpoena

Also, if the vice presidency is vacated, the president selects a _____.

successor

____ faces congressional approval by a majority vote in both houses.

successor

a replacement, someone to fill the vacancy

successor

A ___ is a charge levied by government on persons or property to meet public needs

tax

Clause 1 - to establish and collect _____, _____ and _____ - peacetime or war time?

taxes, duties and excises peacetime

6 steps to impeachment (fifth) 5. Senators hear ____ and _____. House prosecutors and lawyers for both sides present their cases. _____ may be called.

testimony and evidence; witnesses

The president makes _____ "by and with the adduce and consent of the senate.... Provided 2/3 of the senators present concur."

treaties

A day in either chamber of Congress might suggest that the powers of Congress are _____.

unlimited

For patents: A _____ patent is granted for 20 Years (periodic fees apply) A ______ patent is granted for 14 Years A ______ lasts as long as it is used in commerce and defended against infringement

utility; design; trademark

6 steps to impeachment (third) 3. The house _____ on each article. Simple ______ vote is needed for impeachment. The house then sends articles of impeachment to the ____.

votes; majority; senate

Clause 11 - to declare ____; to make laws regarding captures on ____ and _____ - peacetime or war time?

war; land and water War time

Congress has the power to "fix the standard of _____ and ______" throughout the United States

weights and measures

Presently, the president often consults members of the senate _____ _____ committee.

foreign relations

6 steps to impeachment (first) 1. The house ______ committee debates charges and votes on whether to send articles of impeachment to the _____ (simple majority vote needed).

judiciary; full house

If no candidate for president received a majority in the electoral college, the _____ decides the election.

House

The ____ has the sole power to impeach.

House

6 steps to impeachment (second) 2. The _____ considers the charges. It can _____ witnesses and evidence. It can also hear debates and arguments.

House; subpoena

The _____ powers are granted to Congress explicitly in the Constitution .

expressed

to borrow money - Expressed or implied?

expressed

The Constitution grants Congress a number of specific powers in what three different ways?

expressed powers implied powers inherent powers

The Senate may be debating aid to a _______ or _______.

famine-stricken country in Africa; veterans benefits

Congress has the power to acquire, manage, and dispose of various _____

federal areas

Congress may also define _____ and set _____ for violations of federal law

federal crimes; punishments

an _____ tax is one first paid by one person but then passed on to another.

indirect

The ______ powers are granted through the Constitution's creation of a National Government for the United States.

inherent

In the House, bills dealing with any of the following might be considered: _______, _______, _______

inheritance and gift tax rates, space exploration, grazing on public lands