Clin Chem Rotation Exam Part 4

hydrogen ion activity

A PCO2 electrode measures ___________ using potentiometry to determine the CO2 content of whole blood.

175 mL/min

A creatinine clearance is done on a patient with the following results: serum creatinine, 0.6 mg/dL; urine creatinine, 102 mg/dL; urine volume, 1650 mL/24 hours; body surface area, 1.93 m2. This patient's creatinine clearance, corrected for body surface area, is:

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A genetic disorder causing a deficiency of certain enzymes in the synthetic pathways leading to cortisol and aldosterone production is referred to as:

Class A and C

A laboratory fire ignited by faulty wiring in a chemistry analyzer and partially fueled by surrounding paper products is classified as:

Hapten

A low-molecular-weight molecule that is unable to induce an immune response unless it is linked to carrier protein is a(n):

Hepatocellular carcinoma

A markedly elevated serum AFP is associated with which of the following?

10-9

A nanogram is 1x ___ grams.

286

A patient brought to the emergency room has the following laboratory results: sodium = 140 mmol/L glucose = 80 mg/dL BUN = 6.0 mg/dL osmolality = 316 mOsm/Kg H2O The calculated osmolality on this patient using the Weisberg formula is:

Remain the same; increase

A patient is suspected of having Addison's disease. His laboratory tests show low serum sodium and chloride, elevated serum potassium, and elevated urine sodium and chloride levels. The aldosterone cortisol levels are decreased. To make a definitive diagnosis, the physician orders an ACTH stimulation test, and the cortisol level is measured again. If the patient has Addison's disease, the cortisol level would ________. If the patient has hypopituitarism, the levels would _______.

Severe hemolysis

A ΔA450 value that falls into zone III indicates that the fetus is experiencing:

True

Acquired deficiencies of lactase are common in adults.

Organic compounds from water.

Activated carbon filters remove:

The thermodynamic quantity defining the energy of interaction of a single antibody-binding site and its corresponding epitope on the antigen

Affinity is described as which of the following?

TCO2.

All of the following analytes are calibrated on a blood gas analyzer EXCEPT:

Hyponatremia

All of the following are characteristic of severe hyperglycemia EXCEPT:

Acetaminophen

An analgesic that alleviates pain without causing loss of consciousness is:

Phenytoin

An anticonvulsant used to control tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures is:

Hereditary hemochromatosis.

An autosomal recessive disorder of iron metabolism, which is characterized by excessive iron absorption and accumulation in various tissues in the body, is termed:

Cystic fibrosis

An autosomal recessive genetic disorder that leads to lung disease but begins in the pancreas with decreased pancreatic enzyme secretion is:

Kidney disease.

An elevated BUN usually indicates:

Heart Muscle

Aspartate aminotransferase is elevated in diseases involving the:

Osteocalcin

Biomarkers of bone formation include which of the following?

3.2

Calculate the sigma value for the following scenario: Total allowable error for calcium is 6.8%. Bias for your lab is 0.4%. CV for your lab is 2%.

all of the above

Cholesterol can be used for:

750 mg/L

Convert 75 mg/dL to mg/L.

is also known as compact bone

Cortical bone

0.8-1.2 mg/dL.

Creatinine levels are usually:

Chemistry tests

During a lumbar puncture, the first collection tube of CSF removed should be used for:

AST, ALT and ALK phosphatase

Elevations in which of the following are MOST likely to indicate liver disease?

Trinucleotide repeats

FISH can distinguish each of the following chromosomal abnormalities except:

Mucous membrane contact

Face masks and protective eyewear are designed to offer protection from:

True

Glucose values above 1000 mg/dL, normal or elevated plasma sodium and potassium, slightly decreased bicarbonate, elevated BUN and creatinine, and elevated osmolality are all laboratory findings of a patient with type 2 diabetes in nonketotic hyperosmolar state.

Diabetes mellitus

Glycation of glomerular basement membranes and capillaries is the main nephropathic effect from:

5

If a drug has a half-life of 7 hours, how many doses given at 7-hour intervals does it usually take to achieve a steady-state level?

1.5 mg/dL.

If a total bilirubin is 4.0 mg/dL and the conjugated bilirubin is 2.5 mg/dL, the unconjugated bilirubin is:

False

If growth hormone is present but all other pituitary hormones are absent, growth will occur.

True

If the hepatic synthetic ability is compromized by liver disease the prothrombin time will be elevated.

Registered nurses and physicians

In a laboratory certified for provider-performed microscopy, all of the following are allowed to perform the tests, except:

False

In nuclear medicine, a high radioactive iodine uptake is suggestive of metabolic inactivity.

Phenol and sodium hypochlorite.

In the Berthelot method, BUN is measured by reaction with:

Heat

In the PCR method, how is denaturation accomplished?

Hydrogen peroxide

In the colorimetric determination of cholesterol, using the enzyme cholesterol oxidase, ____________ is the agent that oxidizes the colorless organic compound, 4-aminoantipyrine, to a pink complex.

Dehydration

Increased serum albumin concentrations are seen in which of the following conditions?

Cryogen

Liquid nitrogen is an example of which of the following:

Mass-to-charge ratio

Mass spectrometry identifies analytes based on:

True

Myoglobin carries Oxygen.

A decrease in albumin

One cause for a DECREASED "anion gap" is:

Near-patient testing, decentralized testing, and ancillary testing

POCT includes which of the following?

characterized by infertility, hirsutism, chronic anovulation, glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia or dyslipidemia, & hypertension

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is :

target amplification

Polymerase chain reaction is a type of

Time (hours) post ingestion

Possible risks of hepatocellular damage due to toxic blood levels of acetaminophen are evaluated based on blood levels and which of the following?

The probability that a disease is present when the test is positive or that a disease is absent when a test is negative

Predictive value is defined as which of the following?

pH-acidic solutions

Screening and quantitative tests for porphyrins in urine, blood, and feces are based on the principle of enhanced fluorescence of these compounds in:

Hypothalamus

Secretion of hormones by the anterior pituitary is controlled by circulating levels of hormones from the target gland and hormones secreted by the:

pancreatitis

Severe abdominal pain generalized in the upper quadrants and often radiating towards the back or down the right or left flank are symptoms of

Inhibition of enzyme activity

The antibody that binds to hapten-enzyme in the EMIT assay results in which of the following?

Glycerol phosphate.

The enzymatic determination of glycerol in triglyceride analysis usually involves conversion of glycerol to:

Malignancy

The following laboratory serum results were obtained: increased calcium, borderline low phosphate, normal alkaline phosphatase, decreased PTH. These results are most compatible with:

Creatinine

The kinetic Jaffe method is used in the measurement of

Low protein intake and sever liver disease

The major causes of decreased plasma urea concentration include:

Prostate

The major cellular origin of acid phosphatase activity in serum is:

Hgb S

The most common hemoglobinopathy in the United States is due to a defect in

Denaturation → Annealing → Extension

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) involves three processes. Select the order in which these occur.

False

The pulmonary artery carries oxygenated blood.

pituitary gland

This gland is considered the master gland because it secretes hormones that regulate other glands.

1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3

This hormone is formed in the kidneys and determines phosphate and calcium balance.

GGT

This phosphatase is a marker of alcoholism.

Chromium

This trace element is essential to the metabolism of glucose, fat and cholesterol.

Copper

Toxicity of this essential trace element is associated with Wilson's disease.

True

True or false? Chloride is the major extracellular anion in plasma.

False

True or false? Serum urea levels are less affected by diet and metabolism than are serum creatinine levels.

Adult-onset type

Type 1 diabetes mellitus may be described by all of the following EXCEPT:

Both B and C

Uric acid may be determined with:

Nucleic acids (adenine and guanine).

Uric acid values are usually elevated in patients with leukemia because of the breakdown of:

False

Vanillylmandelic Acid is NOT a catecholamine metabolite.

solute plus solvent

What is a solution?

They fluoresce and are detected by exposing them to EMR at a specific wavelength

What is the unique quality that many porphyrin compounds possess that allows for their detection within body tissues and in a test tube?

all of the above

What is/are the function(s) of the liver?

IgG

Which is the most abundant ϒ-globulin?

Celiac disease

Which of the following GI disorders is characterized by a modified gut immune function?

Draw heparin tube, keep on ice, test immediately

Which of the following best describes the correct collection and handling conditions for a blood ammonia measurement?

Potassium and phosphate

Which of the following electrolytes would be increased in the serum if the blood specimen was hemolyzed?

Amylase

Which of the following enzymes requires chloride (Cl) as an activator?

Monoiodothyronine

Which of the following is NOT a metabolite of catecholamines?

ΔA450

Which of the following is NOT a test to evaluate the surfactants present in the fetal pulmonary system?

Gastrin

Which of the following is NOT produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas?

Hypothyroidism

Which of the following is a common problem in the elderly but is often more difficult to diagnose?

Congestive heart failure

Which of the following is most often associated with the formation of a transudate?

Rate of unreduced phosphomolybdate formation at 340 nm

Which of the following is the most accurate measurement of Pi in serum?

chylomicrons

Which of the following lipid fractions are very large molecules with a low density and give plasma a milky appearance when present in increased amounts?

20 mg/dL HDL cholesterol and 250 mg/dL total cholesterol

Which of the following results would be the most consistent with high risk for coronary heart disease?

Increased CSF glucose values are diagnostically significant

Which of the following statements about CSF glucose is false?

According to their chemical properties and classifications

Which of the following statements describes the proper method of storing chemicals in the laboratory?

Partition chromatography is most appropriate to identifying analytes that may be distributed between two liquid phases.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Selenium

Which of these essential trace elements is involved in the metabolism of thyroid hormones?

reflectometer

Which of these instruments is made of a polychromatic light source, monochromator, diffuse reflective surface, lens, and phototube laid out at an angle

hapten

Which of these needs to be bound to a protein in order to create an antibody?

all of the above

Which one of these factors can affect enzyme function?

IgA

Which ϒ-globulin is found in secretions?

Chylomicrons

_____________ are the largest, least dense lipoproteins, produced by the intestine and responsible for a plasma sample's cloudiness after a meal, where they can float to the top of the sample.