Clinical Psych Exam

The DSM reflects a medical model of psychopathology. This means that

. each mental disorder is an entity defined categorically and features a list of specific symptoms.

The original MMPI and the MMPI-2 both feature___ clinical scales

10

For the current editions of the Wechsler intelligence tests and Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, the mean score for full-scale IQ is _____.

100

Which of the following is NOT a part of DSM-5's definition of a mental disorder?

It consists of behaviors witnessed in less than 30% of the population.

_____, a treatment for phobias and other anxiety disorders, involves re-pairing a feared object with a new response that is incompatible with anxiety.

Systematic desensitization

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

The current DSM eliminates the five axis diagnostic system.

In the _____, the task of the client is to create a story to go along with the interpersonal scenes depicted in cards

Thematic Apperception Test

Wechsler Individual Achievement Test—Third Edition is

an individually administered test of language, reading, writing, and mathematics achievement.

When psychotherapy outcome researchers seek clients on whom to conduct psychotherapy in a study, they typically seek clients who

are "textbook cases" of the diagnosis the therapy intends to treat.

Eye contact, body language, vocal qualities, and verbal tracking are specific types of _____.

attending behaviors

According to Carl Rogers, the therapist's _____ determine(s) the success of therapy.

attitude toward the client

The cognitive thought distortion defined as expecting the worst in the future when it is actually unlikely to occur is _____.

catastrophizing

All editions of the DSM have offered a _____ approach to diagnosis.

categorical

According to behavior therapists,

client behaviors are the problem.

Behavioral assessment endorses the notion that

client behaviors are themselves the problem

According to Cattell, _____ intelligence is intelligence accumulated as a result of life experiences.

crystallized

Modifying psychological treatments that work for members of diverse cultures is known as _____.

cultural adaptation

The current edition of the DSM includes a glossary listing _____, which represent psychological problems observed in groups from various parts of the world.

cultural concepts of distress

The use of technology, particularly the Internet, by clinical psychologists is often referred to as _____.

cybertherapy

The extent to which a psychotherapy works in "real-world" settings (such as clinics, private practices, and hospitals) is best described as the _____ of that form of psychotherapy.

effectiveness

The _____ perspective recognizes and emphasizes culturally specific norms and considers a client's behaviors, thoughts, and feelings within the context of that client's culture.

emic

More than any other form of therapy, _____ therapy is characterized by a systems approach to understanding psychological problems.

family

Empathy, unconditional positive regard, and genuineness

foster a client's self-healing.

When a patient is asked to engage in _____, the patient's task is to verbalize any thought that comes to mind, no matter how nonsensical, inappropriate, illogical, or unimportant it may seem.

free association

Regarding the causes of psychological problems, _____ therapists tend to endorse a linear model of causality, whereas _____ therapists tend to endorse a circular model of causality.

individual, family

According to the most recent edition of the APA ethical code, it is necessary to obtain _____ before proceeding with research, psychotherapy, or assessment.

informed consent

The term _____ succinctly captures the primary goal of psychodynamic psychotherapy.

insight

Whereas a _____ echoes the client's words, a _____ echoes the client's emotions.

paraphrase, reflection of feeling

The Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory- IV emphasizes

personality disorders

The first edition of the DSM contained only three broad categories that are:

psychoses, neuroses, and character disorders.

In addition to effectiveness and efficacy, other ways to measure psychotherapy outcome include

the neurobiological effects of psychotherapy and medical cost offset.

According to the APA ethical code, which of these scenarios is unlikely to be considered a multiple relationship?

A psychologist realizes that his secretary's second cousin works at the bakery he often frequents.

_____, a new disorder in DSM-5, is described by some as frequent temper tantrums in children from 6 to 18 years of age.

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

_____ is the way a person responds to living in a new cultural environment, particularly regarding the balance between adopting elements of the new culture and retaining elements of the original culture.

Acculturation

Psychology of Religion, the Society for the Psychological Study of Men and Masculinity, and the Society for the Psychology of Women are examples of

APA divisions dedicated to cultural issues.

In the early 1900s, _____ created a test of intelligence to help the French school system determine if students should qualify for special services.

Alfred Binet

All editions of the DSM have been published by the _____.

American Psychiatric Association

The DSM is published by the

American Psychiatric Association.

Which of the following best defines a defense mechanism?

An attempt to manage conflict between the id and superego

Maria recently immigrated from her hometown of Bowling Green, New York, to Mexico City, Mexico. Once in Mexico, Maria adopts much of her new nation's culture and abandons much of her original U.S. culture. Which acculturation strategy is Maria using?

Assimilation

Which of the following Ethical Principles best captures the idea that clinical psychologists strive to benefit the patients with whom they work, while at the same time ensuring they do not harm their patients?

Beneficence and Nonmaleficence

In the United States, what is the most up-to-date, prevailing diagnostic guide for mental health professionals?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition

_____ is a short-term humanistic therapy that emphasizes the expression, acknowledgement, and healing power of emotions in the present moment.

Emotionally focused therapy

Compared to PhD programs, PsyD programs

Focus more on application and less on research

The current edition of the APA ethical code includes two distinct sections: _____ and _____.

General Principles, Ethical Standards

What are the three levels of the tripartite model of personality identity?

Individual, group, and universal

_____ tests measure a client's intellectual abilities, whereas _____ tests measure what a client has accomplished with those intellectual abilities.

Intelligence, achievement

In which of the following states do clinical psychologists currently have prescription privileges?

Louisiana, New Mexico, and Illinois

_____ refers to being able to pay attention in the present moment to whatever arises internally or externally, without becoming entangled or wishing things were otherwise.

Mindfulness

_____ can be defined as full engagement with one's own internal mental processes in a nonconfrontational way, which often involves a reduction in _____.

Mindfulness, experiential avoidance

Which of the following is an example of an objective personality test?

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

According to the most recent edition of the APA ethical code, which of the following statements is TRUE regarding multiple relationships?

Multiple relationships are unethical only when they can be reasonably expected to cause impairment in the psychologist or risk exploitation or harm of the client.

_____ tests assume that people reveal their personalities by their responses to ambiguous stimuli, while _____ tests offer straightforward scoring and interpretation guidelines and are often in multiple-choice or true-false format.

Projective personality, objective personality

The difference between a Psychiatrist and a Psychologist is

Psychiatrists have a medical degree

Which of the following statements most accurately summarizes the results of the thousands of psychotherapy efficacy studies that have been conducted?

Psychotherapy works.

_____ refers to a positive, comfortable relationship between interviewer and client, or an interpersonal "connection" as perceived by the client.

Rapport

Consider the developmental stages of therapy groups discussed in the textbook. In a substance abuse group, the members have become comfortable enough to compete with one another and jockey for status within the group. In which developmental stage is this therapy group?

Second stage

As a part of an assessment, Dr. Bush asks Mary to finish sentence stems printed on a paper, such as "my favorite and I feel afraid" This assessment technique is known as a

Sentence completion test, a projective measure of personality

Psychodynamic psychotherapy refers broadly to the approach created by _____ and including all subsequent adaptations or expansions of it.

Sigmund Freud

The primary goal of cognitive psychotherapy is

logical thinking.

According to Ellis' ABCDE model, "D" represents

a dispute of the client's irrational thoughts.

Based on current reviews and meta-analyses, we can say that cybertherapy generally appears to work

about as well as in-person forms of psychotherapy.

Naturalistic observation is most likely to be practiced by a clinical psychologists who endorses

behavioral measures

Dialectical behavior therapy, developed by Marsha Linehan, has been found effective in the treatment of _____.

borderline personality disorder

For the profession of clinical psychology, confidentiality

can ethically be broken in specific situations.

Many state licensing boards have _____ regulations, which are consistent with the APA code of ethic's mandate that psychologists develop and maintain their competence.

continuing education

Advocates for prescription privileges for clinical psychologists cite _____ as support for their argument.

convenience for clients

In recent years, researchers have offered alternatives to the categorical approach to the diagnosis of mental disorders. Specifically, the _____ approach has received significant attention, especially regarding the _____ disorders.

dimensional, personality

Interviewers who use a _____ style of interviewing get exactly the information they need by asking clients specifically for it.

directive

For contemporary psychotherapists, the most relevant implication of the finding in the Tarasoff case is the

duty to warn.

John is an undergraduate psychology major. He wishes to become a clinical psychologist. In order to reach this goal, John must

ear a doctoral degree in clinical psychology

Clinical Psychology graduate programs that subscribe to the practitioner-scholar model of training

emphasize practice over research

The etic perspective

emphasizes similarities between all people.

Evidence-based practice has also been referred to as _____.

empirically supported treatments

According to surveys of psychologists in private practice (e.g., Murphy et al., 1998), managed care companies have

exerted too much control over clinical decisions.

Emil Kraepelin's two-category system of mental illness included _____, disorders caused by external factors, and _____, disorders caused by internal factors.

exogenous disorders, endogenous disorders

An example of a manualized psychotherapy with empirical evidence for its efficacy is

exposure plus response prevention for obsessive compulsive disorder.

The removal of an expected reinforcement that results in a decrease in the frequency of a behavior is known as _____.

extinction

Although psychological symptoms may appear maladaptive, they are often in fact adaptive within the family environment of the individual. Family therapists refer to this idea as _____.

functionalism

"Although a cultural group may have a collective tendency, its individual members may vary greatly from that tendency." This statement best illustrates the _____ inherent in every culture.

heterogeneity

Which of the following best describes the three-step process typically used by cognitive psychotherapists to revise a client's cognitions?

identify illogical thoughts; challenge illogical thoughts; replace illogical thoughts with more logical thoughts

According to the cognitive approach to psychotherapy, psychological problems arise from

illogical thoughts or interpretations of events in our lives.

Most group therapies strongly emphasize _____, taking advantage of the fact that the group therapy experience is based on interacting with other people.

interpersonal interaction

According to Yalom, _____, or learning from in-group interpersonal experiences, is at the heart of group therapy.

interpersonal learning

The MMPI

is an objective test of personality.

Authors such as Pedersen (1990, 1999, and 2008) have labeled _____ as the "fourth force" in the history of psychology.

multiculturalism

The practice of using a collection of different assessments to examine an individual's personality is known as

multimethod assessment

Dr. Young, a clinical psychologist, is conducting an assessment of a client who experienced a head injury in a car accident. She uses the Halstead-Reitan battery to determine impairment of the functioning of specific components or structures of the brain. Dr. Young is conducting _____ testing.

neuropsychologica

____ include unambiguous test items, offer clients a limited range of responses, and have clear scoring

objective personality tests

The main goal of behavior therapy is

observable behavior change.

A behavior therapist is most likely to judge the success of treatment via changes in the patient's

observable behaviors.

Boundary crossings

often seem minor and harmless, but set a precedent for more serious boundary violations.

Natalie, a psychotherapy client, is depressed about a recent breakup with her boyfriend. She believes that the breakup is entirely her fault, and that if she had done things differently, she would not be alone now. This belief best exemplifies the cognitive thought distortion known as _____.

personalization

An individual's _____ is how the person actually is at present; the _____ is what a person could be if he or she fulfilled his or her potential.

real self, ideal self

The most frequently cited shortcoming of projective personality tests centers on the fact that projective personality tests

rely more heavily on the psychologist's unique way of scoring and interpreting results than objective tests, which limits their reliability and validity

Disadvantages of the emergence of manualized therapies with empirical support include

restriction of clinicians to use only empirically supported treatments.

According to the harmful dysfunction theory of mental disorders, when we try to determine what is abnormal, we should consider

scientific or evolutionary data, as well as social values that provide context for the behavior.

The Boulder model of training is also known as ______ model of training

scientist-practitioner

Humanistic psychotherapists believe that individuals are born with a tendency toward healthy growth. The term that best describes this tendency is _____.

self-actualization

According to Irvin Yalom, group therapy is most successful when group therapists

take advantage of the fact that clients will display their problematic tendencies toward other group members.

Some clinical psychologists criticize the DSM, stating some disorders' symptoms are difficult to distinguish from normal behavior. This criticism best illustrates the debate surrounding

the overexpansion of mental disorders.

In group therapy, the term social microcosm refers to the idea that

the relationship tendencies that characterize clients' problematic relationships in their personal lives will also characterize the relationships they form with fellow group members.

The term third-wave therapies is most often applied to _____.

therapies based on mindfulness and acceptance

The primary goal of psychodynamic psychotherapy is

to make the unconscious conscious.

Taking a(n) _____ approach to psychotherapy efficacy studies means attempting to identify and treat the underlying pathology that causes symptoms across related disorders.

transdiagnostic

Two parents in conflict with one another each make efforts to recruit their child to support their position in the conflict. According to family therapists, this exemplifies _____.

triangulation

In group therapy, a client's experience that "we're all in the same boat" best describes the therapeutic factor labeled by Irvin Yalom as _____.

universality

Dr. Brox creates a new assessment technique, the Superior Clinical Interval for Therapists (SCIT). We can say the SCIT has _____ if it measures what it claims to measure. We can say the SCIT has _____ if it yields consistent, repeatable results.

validity, reliability

The term common factors refers to the idea that

various forms of psychotherapy work about equally well because of fundamental, shared components.

Tatiana Tarasoff

was a college student whose murder resulted in the creation of the duty to warn.