Clinical Psych - Review Questions
How many drinks are metabolized by the liver in an hour on average?
1
What percent of the population will die by suicide?
1%
Substance use disorder is defined as a problematic pattern of behavior leading to distress or impairment, manifested by the development of______ or more of the 11 criteria over a ____ period of time?
2 criteria over 12 months
What is the mortality rate for delirium at 6 months?
22%
Patients with anorexia are about ____ more likely to die by suicide than the general population:
30-60%
At what age are most children in the US bowel and bladder trained (aka potty trained)?
4 yr
How long does an average untreated manic episode last for bipolar I?
6 months
How long would someone need to have anxiety symptoms such as feeling "worried most days" to meet criteria for Generalized Anxiety Disorder?
6 months
Lawrence Kohlberg (1927-1987) is an american psychologist who is attributed for the creation of which theory
6 stages of moral development
Which of the following are NOT possible causes of poor food intake in patients with Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder?
A concern about weight gain
What movement disorder (sometimes a side effect of antipsychotic medication) causes a patient to appear restless and to pace or move constantly?
Akathisia
What is the most common cause of dementia?
Alzheimer's
Which of the following statements are true regarding progressive muscle relaxation
Among other potential uses, Progressive Muscle Relaxation can be used to help an individual suffering from anxiety and chronic pain
Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to mental illness?
An individual's willpower
Which class of medication mentioned in the lectures should be avoided in patients with PTSD
Benzodiazepines
The nurses are upset at doctors over patients' complaints at terrible treatment; the doctors cannot fathom how nurses are siding with the patient as the patient has been angry, resistant, and manipulative with treatment team. What diagnosis are you worried about?
Borderline personality disorder
Which of the following statements regarding mental illness and violence is true?
Both A and C Those with mental illness are more likely to be victims of violent crime compared to the general population The general population is just as likely to commit violent acts as those with mental illness
Acronym to screen for alcohol use disorder?
CAGE
What type of therapy links thoughts, behavior, and feelings?
CBT
Which of the following is characteristic of delirium, and NOT dementia?
Can acutely happen in the ICU
Which of the following is FALSE about Gate Control Theory of Pain?
Certain behaviors facilitate gate opening such as meditation and exercise
What mnemonic helps us diagnose mania?
DIGFAST
Which of the following is an appropriate way to react to an agitated elderly patient?
Deescalate the situation and remain calm
What is the monoamine hypothesis for depression?
Disorganized firing of neurons causes depression
What are two symptoms of psychosis?
Disorganized speech and hallucinations
What movement disorder (sometimes a side effect of antipsychotic medication) causes painful cramping often in the jaw?
Dystonia
Which of the following should be incorporated into chronic pain treatment?
Early dialogue that analgesic medications are unlikely to fully treat their pain
What contributes to personality disorders?
Early life events, genetics, cultural factors
What is the gold standard for treatment resistant depression?
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
All the following are important in caring the patients with PTSD, except
Explore each patient's past trauma in extraordinary depth
What are the 5 main principles when interviewing someone using the skill of motivational interviewing
Express empathy, avoid arguing with the patient, roll with resistance, develop discrepancy, support the patient's self-efficacy
If a patient is exaggerating their symptoms and inducing harm to themselves to be admitted to a hospital, but there is no motive for a secondary gain, the patient likely has/is:
Factitious disorder
T or F: The diagnosis of PTSD requires the individual to have been physically injured?
False
What are delusions?
False thoughts that conflict with reality.
CNS depressants such as benzodiazepines, primarily effect which neurotransmitter pathway?
GABA
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for first episode depression occurring later in life?
Higher socio-economic status
Which of the following statements regarding mental health in children is FALSE?
It is best to avoid officially diagnosing mental health conditions until the individual reaches age 18
Which of the following is FALSE about major depressive disorder (MDD) in the pediatric population
Kids are too young to experience depression, anxiety or other mental illnesses
What is psychosis?
Loss of contact with reality
What personality disorder is characterized by exploiting others, lack of empathy, and excessive need for admiration?
Narcissistic personality disorder
the 30-year old project supervisor's editing team works until 2am every night because they are not up to her standards, and she constant gives feedback daily about things that need to be addressed. When met with suggestions, she is rigid and has to do things her way, believes that as supervisor, she needs to "control everything and make sure it's all perfect." What personality disorder diagnosis would be most aligned with this description?
OCPD
Which of the following diagnoses' hallmark feature is 'Recurrent patterns of negativistic, hostile, or defiant behavior directed at authority figures'?
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
Aspects of the cognitive assessment include:
Orientation Memory Level of consciousness Attention and concentration
Which of the following is a proper description of "pacing" as outlined in the lecture
Pacing involves selecting an activity, evaluating how long you can comfortably engage in the activity daily, setting a baseline starting point, and slowly increasing your goal on a regular basis
Select the correct definition of 'proactive aggression' as discussed in the lecture
Premeditated Aggression: manipulative, intentional, goal directed, cold-blooded; requires no provocation; directed toward possessing objects or dominating
Which of the following is the best indicator that a patient is at increased risk of suicide?
Prior suicide attempt
How do you tell your patient / client that they may need to see a mental health professional/psychiatrist / therapist?
Reassurance, normalize, empathize
What mnemonic helps us diagnose depression?
SIGECAPS
What most commonly is the first line of treatment in terms of medications?
Seretonin Selective Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs )
Which of the following is something that happens with normal aging?
Slower at learning new information
Which of the following statements are true regarding exercise and depression?
Some studies have shown similar antidepressant treatment efficacy with exercise comparable to medication and psychotherapy
Which of the following statements regarding Somatic Symptom Disorder is FALSE:
Symptoms are consciously produced or feigned by the patient for attention
Which movement disorder causes uncontrollable movements of the tongue or mouth
Tardive dyskinesia
In a patient with sudden onset left lower extremity paralysis following news that her husband was tragically killed, which of the factors is indicative of Conversion Disorder:
The paralysis is NOT intentionally produced or feigned
How impaired is someone in a manic phase with Bipolar I?
They end up in jail or in the hospital
Which of the following statements regarding exercise and anxiety are true?
Those with anxiety may initially interpret the natural bodily response of exercise as a sign that a catastrophe is about to ensue
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding breathing exercises?
Timed breathing activates the sympathetic nervous system and thus is good for use in melancholic depression
Which group has the HIGHEST rate of suicide?
White men over 85
45% of Chronic Pain Patients have
a modd disorder
A 43-year-old woman is brought to the clinic by her mother because she has refused to leave the house over the past 6 months. She has started working online to avoid going to her place of employment, and no longer goes to the shopping mall or theater with friends where it might be crowded; otherwise, she describes a sense of feeling trapped. She has stopped using public transportation for the same reason. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
agoraphobia
What phobia results in fear regarding public spaces and avoidance of places, situations in which the patient may feel trapped, helpless or embarrassed?
agoraphobia
Select which of the following ways exercise may improve mood
all improved energy and decreased fatigue better sleep less stress, anxiety, and depression
Which class of medications are considered first line treatment for PTSD?
antidepressants
What personality disorder is characterized by lack of remorse and indifference towards others?
antisocial personality disorder
How long must a patient's symptoms last for in order to meet the criteria for PTSD?
at least 4 weeks
What type of hallucination do patients that suffer from schizophrenia usually experience?
auditory
What is the most common form of eating disorder?
binge eating
Which of the following is NOT a primary domain of developmental milestones recommended to be followed by the CDC?
biological
Which neurotransmitter is most directly responsible for the reinforcing/pleasure signals in the brain?
dopamine
What type of therapy focuses on familiarizing the source of distress to the patient?
exposure
T or F: Delerium Tremens typically occur in the first 24 hours of detoxification from alcohol.
false
T or F: Drugs that are the most addictive have Low potency and cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) quickly?
false
T or F: Individuals that have a combination of traits from various personality types likely have a personality disorder.
false
T or F: Nocioceptive disorders are those that occur due to damage of PNS or CNS nerves.
false
T or F: Patients with bulimia are usually underweight
false
T or F: Schizophrenia is the only cause of psychosis.
false
T or F: To diagnose anorexia, a patient must either have amenorrhea or be <85% of normal body weight
false
True or False: Asking depressed patients whether or not they have had thoughts of wanting to kill themselves plants the seed of suicide, increasing risk.
false
True or False: Dementia is normal when someone ages.
false
The actions of rolling, sitting up, crawling, walking are examples of milestones from which catagory?
gross motor development
A medical student makes frequent appointments with his PCP as he is concerned he has the various illnesses he learns about in lectures. He is reassured by normal test results only to learn of a new disease which he is very concerned he may have. The medical student most likely has which of the following conditions:
illness anxiety disorder
Which of the following is the most important overall goal when addressing chronic pain?
improving functional capacity
What is the most important symptom to screen for in order to not miss a diagnosis of depression?
irritability
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for suicide?
married
What makes us depressed?
nature and nuture
Dysphoric mood, muscles aches, lacrimation, pupillary dilation, diarrhea and yawning are constellation of symptoms from which type of withdrawal?
opiates
What disorder results in anxiety attacks and at least a month of worrying about an anticipated attack?
panic disorder
What term best fits the following descritpion of a child's play behavior; 'Child plays beside other children without interacting with them. He usually watches and tries to copy their play but is not ready to interact with them directly.'
parallel play
Which movement disorder (sometimes a side effect of antipsychotic medication) causes a tremor, cogwheel rigidity?
parkinsonism
What disorder results in a persistent, excessive, unreasonable fear of a particular object or situation?
phobia
Autism spectrum disorder can be conceptualized as deficits in what primary domain[s]?
social communication and interactions restricted or repetitive behaviors/interests/activities
A 30-year-old woman presents to the clinic with fear of getting trapped in the elevator. She works at an insurance company which is located on the 10th floor, and she climbs stairs every day to reach her office. She has never had any accidents in an elevator but says that she has had this fear since childhood. She denies this type of anxiety in any other situation. What is the most likely diagnosis?
specific phobia
What is the biggest risk factor for premature labor?
tabacco
T or F: Depression is a more common cause of a patient presenting with somatic symptoms than somatic symptom disorder
true
T or F: Sensitization is where nociceptors have increasing sensitivity with repeated exposure.
true
T or F: When I enter the room of an aggressive patient I should try to stand closer to the door than my patient.
true
In 2022 the CDC recommended what change in standardived developmental surveillance of childhood milestones?
using the 75th percentile for developmental surveillance