CLP 3305 - Unit 1
which of these phrases regarding harm to others might lead a psychologist to believe that a client's risk for harm to others is imminent
"today at 3:00 p.m..., I will....."
what are the occasions in which a psychologist may have to breach confidentiality?
- a 3rd party payer demands access to a client's treatment records for review - the psychologist is subpoenaed by the court - the client may soon attempt to harm themselves
what are assertions of the scientist-practioner model?
- clinical psych shall pursue their training in university departments - clinical psych shall receive training as researchers - clinical psych shall complete a clinical internship
what are the common requirements for licensure as a psychologist?
- doctoral degree from an APA-accredited program - supervised clinical experience - pass the examination for professional practice in psych, parts 1 and 2
what is required of mental health workers?
- document that they have obtained appropriate professional training - maintain current knowledge of the field through ongoing education - pass a licensing exam to demonstrate knowledge of ethical regulations
charlene is studying for the examination for professional practice in psych, part 2. what are the domains she should study?
- ethical practice - collaboration, consultation, and supervision - assessment and intervention
the ethics code has changed over time to address relevant societal and cultural changes which of these are goals of the revisions
- express the best ethical practices in the field as judged by a sample of APA members - to influence the ethical conduct of psychologists by meriting widespread identification and acceptance among members of the discipline
psychologists trained in scientist-practioner programs will be able to______
- practice with skill and sensitivity - contribute to clinical knowledge by translating experience into testable hypotheses - know how to test hypotheses
which of these might a clinical psychologist do?
- provide comprehensive mental health care for families - provide clinical supervision - conduct research to inform practice
a psychology prof is preparing an application for accreditation by PCSAS on behalf of a clinical psych program, and in the application, the prof will likely attend to all of these areas for review....
- quality of the application training - conceptual foundation that aligns with the mission and goals that define PCSAS - ethical standards and concern for diversity being reflected in training for scholarship
a friend states that anyone should be able to practice clinical psych, and there should not be educational requirements or monitoring by state boards. what are the reasons why regulation is helpful?
- regulation of licenses ensure public safety - educational requirements ensure that a certain quality of training is required before practice - regulation ensures providers put into practice strong ethical principles
name some of the APA's profession-wide competencies for accreditation of clinical psych doctoral programs
- research - individual and cultural diversity - intervention
Lingyun is reviewing the APA's discipline-specific knowledge for accreditation of clinical psych doctoral program's requirements to ensure that they have the requisite knowledge to complete a PhD. What are important aspects to review?
- research methods - social aspects of behavior - developmental aspects of behavior
a psychologist desires to develop competence in a new area. in order to do this responsibly, they might _____
- seek additional formal training - avoid taking new referrals until they have completed training - seek supervision from an expert in this area
why was the psychology interjurisdictional compact enacted?
- to facilitate the practice of telepsychology across state boundaries - because the pandemic restricted travel - clients had difficulty finding qualified professionals in their home state
the limits of confidentiality include
- when someone is at imminent risk of harm - when a client may soon attempt to fatally harm themselves - when a client is a minor
though laws vary among states, generally persons under the age of ______ years are not offered confidentiality.
16
in what decade did universities begin investing resources into undergraduate and graduate training in psych
1960s
in the united states, at least _____% of the population have a mental health disorder
25
in contrast to the rorschach and thematic apprception test, the ______was an objective self-report test whose major function, initially, was attaching psychiatric labels to clients
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
where might a doctoral trainee complete their predoctoral internship
VA centers, medical schools, community mental health centers
a florida law granted the authority to judges, law enforcement officials, physicians, and mental health professionals to involuntarily admit individuals who are suicidal for an emergency psychiatric evaluation. the is now known as the ____
baker act
what is the study of the biology of behavior, including how the brain regulates behavior?
behavioral neuroscience
psychologists and physicians are trained to "do no harm." This is consistent with the APA's general principle of...
beneficence and nonmaleficence
the ethical principle _____ suggests that psychologists should "do not harm"
beneficence and nonmaleficence
______ can be earned through verification of one's credentials, as well as the submission of recorded samples of interactions with clients, a written statement regarding the professional expertise and handling of clinical cases, and successful completion of an oral examination conducted by 3 expert peers
board certification
which types of training programs are for students who want a professional license to practice independently?
clinical pysch, counseling psych, school psych
what is the study of mental processes, for example, memory, language, perception, and decision making?
cognitive psych
Dr. Silantri is a licensed psychologist in a rural town in Arkansas, and their primary training is in providing psychotherapy to adult clients. Dr. Silantri is asked to provide therapy for a young child who is suffering from severe anxiety related to attending school. which ethical concept should dr. silantri consider as he makes his decision?
competence
the stronger the evidence for reliability and validity, the more....
confident psychologists can be in their conclusions
there are limits to _____ that require clinical psychologists to act, even against the client's wishes if need be.
confidentiality
psychologists often will provide ____ documents to a client at the start of services and read through them together, answering questions along the way and addressing any fears or misconceptions that clients may have.
consent
convergent and discriminant are both subcategories of....
construct validity
if an IQ test has good convergent validity, it....
correlates with other tests that assess IQ
________ may work to measure academic abilities, personality, interests, and vocational aptitude
counseling psychologists
what changes have influenced changes to the Ethics Code over time?
cultural, political, and legal changes
______ is the legal requirement that researchers explain to participants the purpose, important, and results of the research following their participation
debriefing
____ occur(s) when the purpose of the research or the meaning of a participant's responses is withheld so as to not influence the participant's response
deception
which of these is the first step in the psychological assessment process
determine the reason for referral and presenting problem
__________ examine how psychological processes change as one matures, seeking an understanding of how one's cognitive, social, moral, emotional, or intellectual abilities, for instance, may evolve as one progresses through life stages and interacts with one's environment in more sophisticated ways.
developmental psychologists
________ is defined as the extent to which interview scores do not correlate with measures other than those related to the construct being measured
discriminant validity
if an IQ test has _____, then it _____ correlate with tests of characteristic other than IQ
discriminant validity; does not
the doctor of philosophy degree is an advanced degree in psych that involves an original research contribution to the field in the form of a doctoral _____
dissertation
____ occur(s) when a psychologist has any type of affiliation with the client outside the therapeutic context.
dual relationships
a client shares with you that they have started dating someone, and after hearing the description, you suspect that the person they are seeing is a close friend of yours. this is a possible example of_____
dual relationships
counseling psych programs are typically based in departments of ____
education
clinical psychologists trained in scientist-practioner programs select treatments based on _____
empirical evidence
compared to cross-sectional research designs, longitudinal research designs
enable investigators to better speculate about time-order relationships
_____ can be assessed statistically by examining how much scores on a particular test add explanatory value to an existing regression model predicting the characteristic of interest
incremental validity
which speciality within the practice of psych focuses on deriving principles of individual, group, and professional behavior, and applying this knowledge to the solution of problems at work?
industrial and organizational psychology
a psychologist is working with a spanish-speaking client, and the psychologist is using an interpreter during sessions. it is important that the psychologist discuss the role of the interpreter during the discussion of...
informed consent
measures with good _______ are desirable because they have items that all contribute in a meaningful way to assessing the characteristic of interest
internal consistency
researchers establish the _______ of tests by administering the test to large groups of individuals and deriving a statistic called alpha
internal consistency
if different interviewers assessing the same person cannot come up with the same results, the concept of _____ holds that the instrument cannot possibly be measuring what it is intended to measure
interrater reliability
when different interviewers assessing the same person cannot come up with the same results, the instrument cannot possibly be measuring what it is intended to measure. this is an example of a measure with poor _____
interrater reliability
compared to actuarial prediction, clinical judgment _____
is a subjective form of decision making
_____ is one of 5 general ethical principles stating that all persons are entitled to access to and benefit from the profession of psychology
justice
the vail model_____
led to the creation of the doctor of psych (psyd) degree
most _______ have a master's degree, and there are a wide range of both accredited and unaccredited programs that train councelors
licensed professional counselors (LPCs)
which of these would NOT be included as part of an informed consent document for a research study
limitations of competence
if speaking on television, a psychologist should....
make statements that are consistent with the Ethics Code
a young man with schizophrenia is struggling in his relationship with his parents. he is having trouble seeking support from family members around his psychiatric symptoms. what type of provider would be BEST suited for the man?
marriage and family therapist
_________ primarily work with families in which one member has problems that impact the rest of the family, such as chronic depression, anxiety, dementia, or schizophrenia
marriage and family therapists
compared to longitudinal research methods, cross-sectional research methods_______
might involve determining correlations between variables in a single group of participants
a client invites their therapist to their birthday party, described as a gathering of 10 of their closest friends. can the therapist attend?
no, this would constitute a dual relationship and introduce a likely breach of confidentiality and privacy.
one important development in clinical psych has been the emphasis on evidence-based practice, which integrates the BEST available research with clinical expertise in the context of....
patient characteristics, culture, and preferences
__________ is defined as the extent to which a test can be used to forecast future behavior
predictive validity
researchers establish ______ using longitudinal studies in which they administer a particular test at some point in time and then examine how well scores on that test are correlated with some characteristic in the future.
predictive validity
which of these would Not be a responsibility of a school psychologist?
prescribing medications to students for behavioral difficulties
consistent with the medical tradition, _____ generally regard mental health problems and disorders as biologically based illnesses with specific causes that are BEST treated using medical approaches, such as medication and electrical or magnetic stimulation of particular brain regions
psychiatrists
what is the largest difference in training to become a physician vs training to become a clinical psychologist
psychologists prepare a dissertation, whereas physicians do not
the ________ is an interstate agreement developed during COVID to facilitate the practie of telepsychology and the temporary in person, face to face practice of psych across state lines
psychology interjurisdictional compact
_____ is defined as a process in which the developer subjects assessment instruments to rigorous statistical analyses to determine whether they meet certain standards
psychometric evaluation
what is the study of statistical procedures used in psych procedures?
quantitative psych
in order to prepare fo applications to clinical psych phd programs, a student takes courses in ____ and _____ to demonstrate their readiness for graduate school
research methods; psychology theories
one of the primary goals of the academy of psychological clinical science is to foster the development of and access to _____ and ____ for training, research, funding, and careers in clinical science
resources; opportunities
the ______ model is the predominant training model for clinical psychologists
scientist-practitioner
study of how individuals interact within groups
social psych
_____ are more likely ot visit the home, workplace, or other environments where their patients spend the bulk of their lives. their role tends to be active, and they are less concerned with the abstract, theoretical generalizations that can be drawn from a particular case than they are with the particular matters of living
social workers
__________ tend to have intense involvement with the everyday lives and stresses of their patients and may visit the home, workplace, or other environments where their patients spend the bulk of their lives
social workers
the difference between the five general principles and the specific ethical standards in the APA ethics code is ______
specific ethical standards are enforceable rules of conduct
______ ensures that anyone taking a test has the same experience and scoring criteria, which allows psychologists to compare scores (such as IQ scores) across different people
standardization
describe subfield of developmental psycologists
study of how the psychological processes change over the life span
describe the subfield of quantitative psychologists
study of statistical procedures used in psychological procedures
describe the subfield of behavioral neuroscientists
study of the biology of behavior, including how the brain regulates behavior
clinical psychologists spend time helping students develop expertise in psychological assessment and treatment in individual or small groups. what is the term for this professional activity?
supervision
if a psychologist violates the ethics code, the APA may refer the matter to a state or provincial licensing board. this could result in_____
suspension of a psychologist's license to practice
describe convergent validity
the extent to which a test of one characteristic correlates with other tests of the same characteristic
describe incremental validity
the extent to which a test provides information not available through other means
clinical psychologists may not see clients without supervision until...
they are licensed within a particular state, province, or territory
an advantage of phd programs, as compared to psyd programs, is _____
tuition waivers are often offered
speaking about psychological research or practice on television may help viewers to....
understand psychological services and even seek services
a credential that is important for evidence-based psychological assessments is _________---the extent to which a test measures what it intends to measure
validity
compared to the clinical scientist model, the vail model_______
was largely rejected by academic clinical psychologists
psychologists might serve on university committees or in leadership roles. what is the term for this professional activity?
administration
because of their training in understanding human behavior and skills in human relations, many clinical psychologists make good....
administrators who keep their organization running smoothly and efficiently
in considering the best treatment for a client, a psychologist should be sensitive to the client's...
age, gender identity, and ethnic and racial background
compared to psychiatrists, clinical psychologists...
are trained to appreciate cognitive, behavioral, and sociocultural aspects of clients' problems
scientific approaches to assessment can be traced back to the first intelligence tests developed in France by ________ in the early 20th century.
Alfred Binet
Dr. Polatzka is a professor in a scientist-practitioner model training program and is critical of the practitioner-scholar models. Assuming she agrees with academic clinical psychologists, what is their largest critique of practitioner-scholar models?
a PhD should not be granted without a substantial amount of research training
