CNA Chapter 8

what can severe bleeding cause

can cause death quickly

code blue means

cardiac arrest

first aid

care given to an injured person by the first people to respond to an emergency

pain of a heart attack is described as

crushing, pressing, squeezing, stabbing, piercing pain

expressive aphasia

difficulty communicating through speech or writing

receptive aphasia

difficulty understanding spoken or written words

If the resident can speak, cough, or breathe the NA should...

encourage them to cough as forcefully as possible to get the object out

code red means

fire

code team

group of people chosen for a particular shift to respond to resident emergencies

conscious

having awareness of surroundings, sensations, and thoughts

hyperglycemia

high blood glucose (blood sugar)

NA should get help immediately (choking)

if a resident can no longer speak, cough, or breather, or turns blue choking victim should not be left alone

hypoglycemia

low blood glucose (blood sugar) also known as insulin reaction or insulin shock

CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)

medical procedures used when a person's heart and lungs have stopped working

hemiplegia

paralysis of one side of the body

who are more at risk for choking

residents who have difficulty chewing or swallowing, have dentures that do not fit well, are confused, or have poor vision may be at risk of choking

respiratory arrest

stopping//cessation of breathing

cardiac arrest

sudden stopping/cessation of the heartbeat

syncope

temporary loss of consciousness; also called fainting

After the emergency the NA will need to do what

the NA will need to document the emergency and complete an incident report

emesis

the act of vomiting, or ejecting stomach contents through the mouth and/or nose

Why must CPR be started immediately

to help prevent or minimize brain damage

hemiparesis

weakness on one side of the body

myocardial infarction (MI)

a condition in which blood flow to the heart is blocked and muscle cells die; also called heart attack

obstructed airway

a condition in which the tube through which air enters the lung is blocked

shock

a condition that occurs when there is decreased blood flow to organs and tissues

insulin reaction

a life-threatening complication of diabetes that can result from either too much insulin or too little food; also known as hypoglycemia or insulin shock

diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

a life-threatening complication of diabetes that can result from undiagnosed diabetes, infection, not enough insulin, hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), eating too much, not getting enough exercise, and stress

abdominal thrust

a method of attempting to remove an object from the airway of someone who is choking

epistaxis

a nosebleed

Poisoning may be suspected when

a resident vomits, has heavy, difficult breathing, is very drowsy, is confused, or has burns or red areas around the mouth

while completing the reports they should report what

* as many details as possible and only the facts * all the signs and symptoms that were observed and actions took * remember times and how long

Examples of medical emergencies

* choking * diabetic emergencies * falls * poisoning * heart attacks * strokes * stab wounds * gunshot wounds

signs and symptoms of fainting

* dizziness * nausea * perspiration * pale skin * weak pulse * shallow respiration * blackness in visual field

first signs of insulin reaction are

* feeling weak or different * nervousness * dizziness * perspiration

Signs and symptoms of DKA

* headache * blurred vision * dry skin, dry mouth * flushed cheeks * nausea and vomiting * loss of appetite * rapid, weak pulse * low blood pressure * shortness of breath * weakness * drowsiness * confusion * unconsciousness

Signs and symptoms of insulin reaction

* headache * blurred vision * numbness of the lips and tongue * cold, clammy skin * trembling * hunger * rapid pulse * low blood pressure * confusion * unconsciousness

signs of onset diabetic ketoscidosis

* increased hunger * thirst * urination * abdominal pain

serious medical conditions are

* person is unconscious or unresponsive * person is not breathing * person has no pulse * person is bleeding severely

signs of obstructed airway

* poor air exchange * increase in trouble breathing * silent coughing * blue-tinged skin * inability to speak, cough or breathe

Guidelines for disaster situations

* remain calm *know the locations of all exits and stairways *know where the fire alarms and extinguishers are located * know the appropriate action to take in any situation

signs and symptoms of heart attacks

* sudden, severe pain, pressure, squeezing, or fullness in chest *pain or discomfort in other areas of the body * indigestion or heartburn * nausea and vomiting * dizziness * lightheadedness * pale skin * perspiration * cold and clammy skin * weak and irregular pulse rate * low blood pressure * anxiety and a sense of doom * denial of a heart problem

when an emergency occurs a responder should

* take two pairs of gloves and a barrier fave mask * look around to make sure the area is safe before providing care

examples of disasters are

*fire *flood *earthquake *tornado *severe weather *terrorism

Signs of shock

*pale skin * staring * increased pulse and respiration * low blood pressure * extreme thirst

what could happen during a seizure

*person may shake severely and thrust arms and legs uncontrollably * clench jaw * drool * unable to swallow

what should you do in an emergency

*remain calm * act quickly * communicate clearly

Responding to Shock

1. Notify nurse 2. if you need to control bleeding, put gloves on 3. have person lie on their back 4. check pulse and respiration if possible 5. keep person calm and comfortable as possible 6. maintain normal body temperature 7. do not give the person anything to eat or drink

What are the steps to respond to emergencies

1. asses the situation 2. asses the victim

what are the three types of burns

1. first-degree (superficial) 2. second-degree (partial thickness) 3. third-degree (full thickness)

Responding to seizures

1. note time. put on gloves and remove glasses if worn 2. lower person to floor. cradle and protect their head 3. have someone call the nurse or use the call light 4. move furniture away to prevent injury 5. do not try to stop the seizure or restrain the person 6. do not force anything between the person's teeth 7. do not give person food or fluids 8. when seizure is over note the time. gently turn the person to their left side if you do not suspect head, neck, spinal, or abdominal injuries, or fractures, or if the person has difficulty breathing 9. remove and discard gloves. wash hands 10. report the length of the seizure and your observations to the nurse

Responding to a nosebleed

1. notify nurse 2. elevate head of the bed, or tell the resident to remain in a sitting position, leaning forward slightly 3. Put on gloves 4. apply pressure until bleeding stops 5. use a cool cloth or ice wrapped in a cloth over the bridge of the nose to help slow the flow of blood 6. keep person still till help arrives 7. remove and discard gloves and wash hands

Responding to fainting

1. notify nurse 2. have the person lie down or sit down before fainting occurs 3. if the person is in a sitting position, have them bend forward 4. loosen any tight clothing 5. have person stay in that position for at least 5 minutes after symptoms disappear 6. help person get up slowly. continue to observe 7. if a person does faint lower him to the floor or other flat surface

Responding to heart attacks

1. notify nurse 2. place resident in a comfortable position 3. loosen clothing around the resident's neck 4. do not give resident food or fluids 5. monitor the person's breathing and pulse 6. stay with resident until help has arrived

Controlling bleeding

1. notify nurse 2. put on gloves 3. hold a thick sterile pad, clean cloth, handkerchief, or towel against wound 4. press down hard directly on the bleeding wound until help arrives 5. if you can, raise the wound above the level of the heart to slow the bleeding 6. when bleeding is under control, secure the dressing to keep it in place 7. remove and discard gloves and wash hands

Responding to vomiting

1. notify nurse 2. put on gloves 3. if the resident is sitting up, place an emesis basin under the chin. If the resident is lying on his back, turn his head to the side to help prevent choking 4. remove soiled linens or clothes and set aside. Replace with fresh ones 5. note amount, color, and consistency of vomitus 6.flush vomitus down the toilet and wash and store basin 7. remove and discard gloves 8. wash hands 9. put on fresh gloves 10. provide comfort to resident 11. put soiled linen in proper containers 12. remove discard gloves 13. wash hands 14. document time, amount, color, odor, and consistency of vomitus

Treating Burns

1. notify nurse 2. use cool clean water to decrease the skin temperature and prevent further injury 3. once pain has eased, you may cover the area with a dry, clean dressing or non-adhesive sterile bandage 4. remove and discard gloves and wash hands 5.never use ointments

Treating more serious burns

1. remove person from the source of the burn 2. notify nurse 3. check for breathing, pulse, and severe bleeding 4. do not use any type of ointment 5. do not try to pull away any clothing from burned areas 6. take steps to prevent shock 7. do not give the resident food or fluids 8. monitor vital signs and wait for emergency medical help 9. remove and discard gloves and wash hands

Performing abdominal thrusts for the conscious person

1. stand behind person and bring your arms under her arms (around waist) 2. Make a fist. Place the flat, thumb side of the fist against the person's abdomen, above navel but below breastbone 3. grasp fist with other hand . pull both hands toward you quickly and forcefully 4. repeat till object is pushed out or person is unconscious

brain damage can occur within how many minutes after breathing stops and the heart stops beating

4 to 6 minutes