CNA Exam Review: Physical Care Skills

A client is experiencing pain, and the nurse asks the nurse aide to try and get the client to watch some TV. What process is the nurse asking the nurse aide to assist with in relation to pain control?

*A.Distraction* B.Guided imagery C.Relaxation D.Heat therapy Distraction is when the client's attention is directed toward something other than the pain he is experiencing. An example is asking the nurse aide to turn on the TV while the client is experiencing pain in an attempt to distract the client from the pain.

To prevent choking during meals, the nurse aide will position the client with dysphagia in a:

*A.Fowler's position* B.supine position C.prone position D.side-lying position Clients with dysphagia have difficulty swallowing. To help prevent choking, the client should be placed in an upright, or Fowler's, position prior to eating.

Which food contains the MOST sodium and should be avoided by a client on a low sodium diet?

*A.A bag of corn chips* B.Bananas C.Grapes D.Granny Smith apples All packaged chips are high in sodium unless they are labeled otherwise. Fruits are not high in sodium.

What of the following should the nurse aide report to the nurse if observed during foot care?

*A.A red calloused area on the top of the left little toe* B.Lint between the toes when socks are removed C.Skin on the heel that appears slightly dry D.Mild foot odor prior to starting foot care

A client who has many known allergies begins to complain of difficulty breathing soon after dinner. The nurse aide notes that the client's face is red and swollen and that the client is coughing and sounds hoarse. What is most likely occurring in this client?

*A.Anaphylactic shock* B.Stroke C.Infection D.Heart attack Anaphylactic shock is a serious allergic reaction that can lead to death. The client is exhibiting all of the symptoms of an allergic reaction (redness and swelling).

A client tells the nurse aide that because of his religious beliefs, he does not want anything containing caffeine. Which food or drink would NOT be appropriate to give to this client?

*A.Coffee* B.Orange juice C.Scrambled eggs D.Red wine Unless specified noncaffeinated

Which of the following foods, if eaten prior to bed, would be most helpful in promoting sleep?

*A.Crackers and milk* B.Chocolate chip cookies C.Brownies and iced tea D.Vanilla wafers and hot cocoa Foods that promote sleep are those that have L-tryptophan, which include milk, cheese, and beef. Foods that can cause sleep problems include foods with caffeine such as chocolate, coffee, and tea.

A client has had an elevated temperature for the last three days. The nurse tells the nurse aide to encourage this client to drink more liquids. What condition would occur if the client did NOT take in extra fluids?

*A.Dehydration* B.Edema C.Dysphagia D.Anorexia Dehydration occurs when there is a decrease in the amount of water in body tissues. This may occur when the client's temperature is elevated or when the client is excessively sweating or is vomiting or having diarrhea.

While washing a client's hands, the nurse aide notes dirt under the client's fingernails. What is the BEST way for the nurse aide to handle this?

A. Apply lotion to the hands and then soak the hands in warm water *B. Soak the hands in warm water and then use an orangewood stick to clean under the nails* C. Rub the fingers with a washcloth until the dirt is removed D. File the fingernails down until the nail is below the level of the dirt and then wash the dirt away The proper procedure for removing dirt under the fingernails is to soak the fingers in warm water for the appropriate amount of time and then use the flat end of an orangewood stick to clean under the nails.

The nurse aide is preparing to change the gown of a client who has an IV. How should the nurse aide proceed?

A. Starting at the bottom of the gown, roll the gown to the client's shoulders, then untie the gown, and remove the gown from the arm without the IV and then thread the IV tubing and bag through the sleeve and then remove from the IV arm, then reverse B. Disconnect the IV and carefully remove the gown starting with the arm that has the IV, then place the clean gown first on the arm without the IV, then the place it on the arm with the IV, and then reconnect the IV C. Determine what arm the IV is in, remove the gown from the arm with the IV being very careful not to touch the IV, slip the gown over the IV tubing and bag, remove gown from the arm without the IV, and then reverse the process *D. Determine what arm the IV is in, remove the gown from the arm without the IV, carefully slip the gown off the arm with the IV, thread the IV tubing and bag through the sleeve of the gown, then reverse the process with the clean gown* The proper way to remove the gown is to start with the arm that does not have an IV. Then proceed to the arm with the IV and carefully roll up the sleeve, carefully remove the sleeve over the IV, then thread the IV tubing and bag through the sleeve of the gown. To dress the client in a clean gown, the process is reversed.

When is the MOST common time for a client to have a regular bowel movement?

A.After dinner B.Before bedtime *C.After breakfast* D.After lunch Most individuals will experience the need to have a bowel movement first thing in the morning or right after eating breakfast.while you were snoozin', your small intestine and colon were busy processing the food you ate the day before. That food tends to pass through your body once you start your morning, and most of us are running to the bathroom within 30 minutes,

What instrument should the nurse aide use to trim the toenails of a client?

A.An orange stick B.Fingernail scissors *C.Toenail clippers* D.Large nail file Toenails should be trimmed with a toenail clipper. This allows the toenails to be trimmed straight across and prevents the skin from being cut and also helps prevent the formation of hangnails.

What should be the approximate water temperature when giving a bath to a client?

A.Approximately 120 degrees Fahrenheit *B.Approximately 105 degrees Fahrenheit* C.Approximately 150 degrees Fahrenheit D.Approximately 97 degrees Fahrenheit Water temperature for a bath should be between 105 and 109 degrees Fahrenheit for both client comfort and safety.

What is the BEST way for the nurse aide to remove a client's dentures for cleaning?

A.Ask the client to spit the dentures into the nurse aide's gloved hand B.Request the client spit the dentures into the denture cup held by the nurse aide *C.Use a piece of gauze to grasp the dentures and remove them from the client's mouth* D.Place four fingers inside the client's mouth and allow dentures to drop into the aide's gloved hand The nurse aide should use a piece of gauze to prevent the dentures from slipping and to allow for control of the removal.

The nurse aide is caring for a client who never seems to eat very much at meal time. What is the term that describes a loss of appetite?

A.Aspiration B.Dehydration C.Hunger *D.Anorexia* The term anorexia means "loss of appetite."

The nurse aide is preparing to brush a client's medium-length tangle-free hair. Where should the nurse aide begin to brush the hair?

A.At the ends *B.At the scalp* C.In the back D.On the sides The nurse aide should begin to brush the client's hair at the scalp and proceed toward the hair ends provided the hair is not matted.

The nurse aide is preparing to perform urinary catheter care when the client says that he feels like his bladder is full and he needs to use the bathroom. What is the nurse aide's next BEST action?

A.Attempt to see if urine is leaking from around the catheter B.Attempt to readjust the position of the catheter *C.Immediately report the client's complaint to the nurse in charge* D.Immediately escort the client to the bathroom so he can void The client's complaint of a feeling of a full bladder is an indication that the catheter is obstructed. The nurse in charge must immediately assess the situation.

What is the FIRST step the nurse aide should take when performing oral care?

A.Brush the client's teeth B.Floss the client's teeth *C.Provide for privacy* D.Adjust the client's overbed table

A client has a wound that needs to heal. What nutrient would be MOST helpful to this client for wound healing?

A.Carbohydrates B. Fats *C.Protein* D.Minerals Protein is needed for tissue healing and growth.

While giving a bed bath, the nurse aide observes a reddened area on the client's coccyx. What should be the nurse aide's next step?

A.Check the area the next time the client is bathed B.Massage the area for five minutes C.Place a dressing over the reddened area *D.Notify the nurse who is in charge of the client* A reddened area on the client's coccyx is the first indication of skin breakdown. This observation must be reported immediately to the nurse in charge of this client so that measures can be instituted to prevent a breakdown.

The physician has ordered a clear liquid diet for a client. Which of the following meal trays would be considered a clear liquid tray?

A.Chicken noodle soup, popsicle, ice tea, and vegetable juice B.Orange juice, vanilla pudding, cherry gelatin, and chocolate milk C.Oatmeal, black coffee, cranberry juice, and milk *D.Beef broth, apple juice, black coffee, and a popsicle* Clear liquids are those that you can see through; therefore, a tray would be considered clear liquid if it had the beef broth, apple juice, black coffee, and a popsicle.

The nurse aide is caring for a client who has just had a leg amputated. The client tells the nurse aide that he still feels pain where his leg used to be. What type of pain is this client experiencing?

A.Chronic pain *B.Phantom pain* C.Radiating pain D.Acute pain Phantom pain occurs when a client has experienced an amputation, and the client continues to feel pain or discomfort in the limb that has been removed.

The nurse aide is preparing to wash the face of a client. How should the nurse aide bathe the client's eyes?

A.Cleanse the eyes by wiping downward from the eyebrow toward the chin B.Place soap on the washcloth and wash the entire face including the eyes in a circular fashion C.The eyes should not be cleansed during the bath unless there is discharge present *D.Using a corner of the washcloth, wipe from the inner to the outer aspect of the eye* The correct way to cleanse the eyes is to use a warm washcloth, without soap, and wipe from the inner aspect of the eye to the outer aspect of the eye.

Which of the following would NOT be included when the nurse is measuring intake and output for a client?

A.Coffee B.Jell-O C.Popsicle *D.Sandwich* Coffee, popsicles, and Jell-O are all forms of a liquid and would be measured in ounces or milliliters. A grilled cheese sandwich cannot be measured in ounces or milliliters.

During A.M. care, the nurse aide notes that the client's right foot is cool to the touch and the toes of the foot are dusky in color. What is the nurse aide's next BEST action?

A.Complete A.M. care B.Cover the foot with a sock *C.Immediately inform the nurse in charge* D.Apply a hot pack to the foot Coolness to the touch and a dusky color is a possible indication of a loss of circulation and needs to be reported to the nurse in charge immediately.

A client complains to the nurse aide that his ankles are swollen every night before he goes to bed. The nurse aide notes that the amount this client drinks each day appears more than the amount he urinates. What is this swelling in the client's ankles called?

A.Dehydration B.Aspiration *C.Edema* D.Dysphagia Edema is a swelling of body tissues that occurs when fluid intake exceeds fluid output.

The nurse aide notes that a client has not had a bowel movement for four days. The client is now having small amounts of liquid feces that seep out of the client's rectum, and the client cannot seem to control this. What is the MOST likely cause of this client's problem?

A.Diarrhea B.The flu *C.Fecal impaction* D.Flatus The client most likely has a fecal impaction. This occurs when feces build up in the rectum over a period of time. The feces become very hard, and the client cannot pass the feces. Liquid feces pass around the hard mass and seep out of the client's rectum.

The nurse aide notes that a client has a lot of flatulence. What would the nurse aide suggest to the client to help with this problem?

A.Drink carbonated beverages *B.Avoid the use of straws* C.Eat radishes and cucumbers D.Chew gum every day A client who is bothered by flatulence should avoid the use of a straw if possible because a straw increases the amount of air that a client swallows while drinking.

A nurse aide is talking to a client about weight loss. The client wants to exercise more often to aid in weight loss. How can exercise affect the client's sleep?

A.Exercising within 2 hours of bedtime will increase the client's weight loss *B.Exercising too close to bedtime can stimulate the body and interfere with sleep* C.Exercising right before bedtime will cause the client to sleep more soundly D.Exercising within 1 hour of bedtime will not affect sleep in any way Exercise stimulates the body; therefore, it should be avoided at least 2 hours before bedtime to prevent difficulties in falling and staying asleep.

The nurse aide wants to make sure that the client is drinking enough liquid each day. How much liquid should the nurse aide provide for this client each day?

A.Five to six 8-oz glasses *B.Eight to ten 8-oz glasses* C.Four to five 8-oz glasses D.Two to three 8-oz glasses Clients need 2,000-2,500 mL of liquid each day for normal fluid balance. One ounce equals 30 mL. Eight 8-oz glasses of fluid would equal approximately 2,000 mL.

The nurse informs the nurse aide that a client should eat a diet rich in calcium. The nurse aide will encourage the client to eat which foods?

A.Green leafy vegetables, watermelon, and apples B.Fish, oatmeal, and yellow vegetables *C.Milk, egg yolks, and green leafy vegetables* D.Liver, potatoes, and soybeans Calcium is found in milk and milk products, green leafy vegetables, whole grains, and egg yolks.

Which symptom, if reported by the client, would alert the nurse aide to the possibility of head lice?

A.Hair tangles B.Coldness of the scalp *C.Scalp itching* D.Dirty hair

The nurse has just given a client a suppository to stimulate a bowel movement. When should the nurse aide expect to assist this client to the bathroom?

A.In 2-3 hours B.In 1-2 minutes *C.In 15 to 30 minutes* D.In 5 minutes Most clients will have a bowel movement about 15 to 30 minutes after receiving a suppository.

The nurse aide has just administered an oil retention enema to a client. When should the nurse aide be prepared to take this client to the bathroom to expel the enema?

A.In 5-10 minutes B.In 10-15 minutes C.In 1-2 minutes *D.In 1/2 to 1 hour* Oil retention enemas are given to soften feces located in the rectum, so the solution must stay in the client's lower colon for 30 to 60 minutes to accomplish this task.

The nurse aide notes that a bottle of cleaning liquid has spilled in the hallway. The nurse aide wants to make sure that the spill is cleaned up correctly. Where will the nurse aide get the best information for dealing with this problem?

A.In the utility room B.In the maintenance department *C.On the MSDS kept on the nursing unit* D.On the back of the cleaning liquid bottle All healthcare facilities must have Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for every chemical kept on the unit and in the facility. These sheets give specific information about the chemical and how to clean it up.

If asked to do range-of-motion exercises on a client, the nurse aide SHOULD:

*A.make sure to flex and extend the joint or extremity* B.elevate the client's leg or arm for at least 15 minutes C.ambulate the client at least 500 feet D.massage the client's extremity with lotion Range-of-motion exercises put the client's extremity through positions of flexion and extension. Some joints may also require hyperextension, abduction, or adduction, as well as inward and outward rotation. These movements may not be performed by someone who has not been specifically trained, but all nurse aides should be prepared to perform flexion and extension.

When applying a doctor-ordered restraint device to a client in bed, the nurse aide should attach the ends to the:

*A.moveable part of the bedframe or spring* B.siderails C.moveable part of the headboard D.footboard A restraint device should always be attached to a moveable part of the bedframe and in a place where the client could not become tangled in the lines of the restraint device.

Prior to ambulating a client, the nurse aide must be sure that the client is wearing:

*A.nonslip footwear* B.a bathrobe C.underwear D.socks It is important that the client is wearing nonslip footwear prior to ambulation to help prevent falls.

Right before dinner, the nurse tells the nurse aide that the client is NPO. This means that the nurse aide who is preparing to deliver a meal tray to this client SHOULD:

*A.not deliver the tray to the client because the client cannot have anything to eat or drink* B.bring the client chicken broth and a popsicle because the client is on a clear liquid diet C.remove the chicken and vegetables because the client is restricted to a liquid diet D.remove the milk and coffee from the tray because the client cannot drink liquids NPO stands for non per os, which is Latin for "nothing by mouth." Therefore, the client cannot have anything to eat or drink.

The location that a nurse aide should cleanse a client's dentures is:

*A.over a sink with a towel and water in it* B.at the client's bedside table C.over a towel on the client's bed D.while still in the client's mouth

The nurse aide is caring for a client who had his lower left leg amputated. The artificial replacement for this client's lower leg is known as a:

*A.prosthesis* B.self-help device C.brace D.mobility aide

During an outbreak of influenza, most of the staff has called in sick. The nurse aide must manage the care of more clients than usual. In order to BEST handle the hygiene needs of all of these clients, the nurse aide SHOULD:

*A.provide oral and perineal care to all clients* B.apply fresh deodorant to all of the clients C.only bathe the clients that appear dirty D.skip baths for this one day

Prior to placing a bedpan under a client, the nurse aide MUST:

*A.put on gloves* B.clean the client's genital area C.raise the bed rail D.wash the bedpan The nurse aide must always put on gloves prior to touching and placing a bedpan under a client because the urine and feces of a client may contain blood and microbes that can infect the nurse aide.

The nurse aide delivered meals to each client. After 30 minutes, the nurse aide discovers that one client fell asleep and did not eat his food. He is now awake and wanting to eat. What should the nurse aide do in this situation?

A.Insist the client eat the tray that was delivered to him B.Feel the food and warm up the items that have cooled C.Bring the client some crackers and peanut butter *D.Take away the first tray and deliver a fresh tray* Food that has been setting out longer than 15 minutes needs to be replaced with warmed or cooled food depending upon the food being served.

The nurse aide is caring for a client with an indwelling retention catheter. When assisting the client back to bed, what should the nurse aide do with the client's catheter collection bag?

A.Lay it on the floor next to the bed B.Attach it to the head board of the bed C.Attach it to the side rail of the bed *D.Attach it to a nonmovable part of the bed frame* The catheter collection bag should be attached to a nonmovable part of the bed frame to prevent injury of the client when the bed is raised or lowered.

The nurse aide is preparing to dress a client who had a stroke and is very weak on the left side. What is the BEST way for the nurse aide to put a shirt on this client?

A.Lay the shirt on the bed under the client and roll the client from side to side until the shirt is on B.Put the client's strong arm in the sleeve, and then assist the client to put the weak arm in the other sleeve *C.Put the client's weak arm in the sleeve, and then assist the client to put the strong arm in the other sleeve* D.Place both of the client's arms on top of the client's head and slip both sleeves on at the same time

A nurse aide is preparing to assist a client with his lunch tray. The client needs assistance because of tremors in his hands. In an effort to give the client some independence in eating, the nurse aide allows the client to hold his own glass. Which drink would not be appropriate for this client to drink on his own?

A.Lemon-lime soda *B.Hot coffee* C.Chocolate milk D.Orange juice The client who has tremors in his hands should not be allowed to drink hot liquids without assistance because the client may spill the hot liquid and burn himself.

A client has been placed on aspiration precautions. What position should the nurse aide place the client at the conclusion of a meal?

A.Lying on the left side for 15 minutes after the meal B.Lying on the right side for 30 minutes after the meal *C.Sitting up in a chair for one hour after the meal* D.Prone for 45 minutes after the meal After eating, a client on aspiration precautions should be placed in a seated or semi-Fowler's position for at least one hour after eating. This helps prevent the client from breathing food or fluid into the lungs.

The nurse aide notes that the client has a bluish tint to the lips. What word would the nurse aide use to describe this client's condition?

A.Pale *B.Cyanotic* C.Ashen D.Ruddy

When assisting with the care of a client with an infection, the nurse aide knows that PPE stands for:

A.Patients Protecting Each other *B.Personal Protective Equipment* C.Positive Personal Elements D.Powerful Personal Education

The nurse in charge has asked the nurse aide to remove a client's old dressing in preparation for a dressing change. What should the nurse aide do with the old dressing?

A.Place the old dressing on the over bed table until the nurse aide has time to dispose of it B.Lay the old dressing on the client's bed until the dressing change is complete *C.Show it to the nurse in charge before discarding it in the proper receptacle* D.Immediately place the dressing in the waste can next to the client's bed The old dressing should be shown to the nurse in charge before it is disposed so that the nurse can complete an assessment of the drainage from the wound. After the nurse has assessed the dressing, it can be disposed of in the proper receptacle.

What is the BEST position for the nurse aide to place the client for the most effective deep breathing and coughing?

A.Prone B.Side-lying *C.Fowler's* D.Supine A client can take the most effective deep breaths when in a sitting position. This position allows the lungs to expand the best.

What would be an appropriate approach to help keep a client with dementia from attempting to get out of bed?

A.Put all four side rails up *B.Use a bed alarm* C.Have someone sit with the client at all times D.Put restraints on the client The client should have a bed alarm, which would alert the nurse staff to the client's attempt to get out of bed.

Which of the following would NOT be included in a plan of care that promotes bowel elimination?

A.Request the client drink hot coffee with breakfast B.Provide for privacy *C.Decrease the amount of fluid the client drinks every day* D.Eat a high fiber diet The plan of care for bowel elimination would not include decreasing the amount of fluid in a client's diet. Increasing the amount of fluid a client drinks helps to provide water to the feces and also helps to stimulate the desire to have a bowel movement.

During a fire in a healthcare facility, the nurse aide knows to use the word RACE, which stands for:

A.Rescue, Absorb, Compute, Enter B.Reach, Appear, Cancel, Exit *C.Rescue, Alarm, Confine, Extinguish* D.Run, Alarm, Configure, Exit The word RACE stands for: Rescue - Rescue all individuals who are in immediate danger Alarm - Sound the closest fire alarm Confine - Close all doors and windows, which helps to trap the fire Extinguish - If possible, use a fire extinguisher

The nurse aide is transporting a client from his room to the physical therapy department when the client begins to complain of chest pain. What is the nurse aide's next BEST action?

A.Return to the client's room and put on the call light for the nurse B.Proceed to the physical therapy department and request assistance C.Take the client to the nurse's station so the nurse can attend to the client's needs *D.Ask the nearest coworker to get the charge nurse while staying with the client* The nurse aide should immediately stop and request assistance so that the nurse aide can immediately render CPR if that is needed.

Which of the following situations may cause sleep deprivation in a client who is hospitalized?

A.Riding in a wheelchair B.Eating dinner in bed *C.Being in an intensive care unit* D.taking a walk in the hall Many clients who are in intensive care units suffer from sleep deprivation because the equipment makes noises and because the client must be interrupted often for necessary care. All of these contribute to preventing the client from obtaining restful sleep.

What is the proper way for the nurse aide to bathe the feet of a client during a bed bath?

A.Rub moisturizer on each foot, and then remove the excess moisturizer with a washcloth B.Place a towel under the feet and drape warm washcloths over the feet while the legs are bathed *C.Place each foot into a wash basin that has been placed on the bed, and then wash the feet* D.Vigorously rub both the bottom and top of the feet with soap, and then rinse with a warm washcloth Soaking the feet, even when giving a bed bath, is the best way to provide cleansing of the feet.

The nurse aide is caring for a client who is receiving oxygen. What gift given by a visitor of this client would cause some concern?

A.Silk flowers B.Fresh flowers *C.A candle* D.Food basket The nurse aide should be concerned by the gift of a candle. A lit flame from a candle may cause a fire when in contact with the oxygen.

The nurse aide is caring for a client with dementia. Which behavior by this client would be a possible indication of pain?

A.Talking about his or her childhood B.Asking for a banana instead of an apple C.Singing a song to the nurse aide *D.Becoming quiet and withdrawn* Clients with dementia may signal pain by a change in behavior; therefore, the client becoming quiet and withdrawn may signal that the client is in pain.

The nurse aide has been ordered to start collecting a 24-hour urine specimen for a client. To start the 24-hour urine the nurse aide will:

A.Tell the client he must void every hour for the next 24 hours B.Ask the nurse to insert a retention catheter C.Tell the client he may not flush the toilet for 24 hours *D.Ask the client to void and discard this specimen* When the nurse aide begins the 24-hour urine collection, the client is asked to void, and that voided sample is discarded. All urine for the next 24 hours is collected.

While shaving a male client with a safety razor, the nurse aide nicked the face slightly. What is the FIRST thing the nurse aide should do if this occurs?

A.Tell the client's family *B.Apply direct pressure to the nick* C.Make an ice pack and hold it over the nick D.Tell the nurse immediately The first thing that the nurse aide should do when a client is nicked with a safety razor is to apply direct pressure. This will stop the bleeding. If the bleeding does not stop, the nurse aide should contact the nurse.

The nurse aide is preparing to shave a group of male clients. Which client MUST be shaved using an electric razor rather than a safety razor?

A.The client who has a three-day beard growth *B.The client who is taking a blood thinner* C.The client who just woke up D.The client who just washed his face An anticoagulant is a drug that prevents or slows down blood clotting, so a client taking that type of drug must be shaved using an electric razor to prevent the face from receiving nicks, which could bleed too much.

The nurse aide should NOT trim the toenails of which client?

A.The client who has mild foot odor *B.The client who has diabetes* C.The client who does not wear socks D.The client who does not wear shoes The nurse aide should never trim the toenails of the client with diabetes because these clients have poor circulation and may have trouble healing if the skin is injured while the nails are being trimmed.

The nurse aide is caring for client who has just had surgery. The client is very worried about his wife who has dementia. How will this client's worry about his wife affect the client's feelings of pain?

A.The client's anxiety may ease the pain *B.The client's anxiety may increase the pain* C.The client's anxiety may decrease the pain D.The client's anxiety won't change the pain

When recording temperature, what else must the nurse aide record besides the actual temperature?

A.The client's mood B.The clothes worn by the client *C.The type of thermometer used* D.The temperature in the client's room Besides the actual temperature, the nurse aide must record the type of thermometer used to take the client's temperature. This is important because there are different types of thermometers in use and temperatures may differ slightly depending upon the type used. Therefore, the changes in temperature are best explained if the type of thermometer used to take the temperature is also included in the documentation. Also, most electronic formats of documentation require this information.

A client has paraplegia. This means that the client is most at risk for injury to what area of the body?

A.The face *B.The lower extremities* C.The neck D.The arms and hands Paraplegia means that the client is paralyzed from the waist down and usually has decreased sensations to pain. Therefore, this client is most at risk for injuries to the lower extremities.

The nurse aide is providing hygienic care to a client with Alzheimer's disease. The client is upset and does not want to get into the bathtub. Who should determine how this client should be bathed today?

A.The nurse aide caring for the client B.The client's physician *C.The nurse in charge of the client* D.The physical therapist exercising the client The client's nurse is responsible for the full assessment of the client, including behaviors and routines, and the nurse will determine what type of bath is appropriate for this client at this time

A client who is receiving pain medication needs to have morning care completed. When would be the BEST time to complete this client's care?

A.The nurse aide should complete the morning care before the nurse administers pain medication B.The nurse aide should skip completion of morning care for this client *C.The nurse aide should wait 30 minutes after the nurse administers pain medication to begin the morning care for the client* D.The nurse aide should begin morning care immediately after the nurse administers the pain medication The nurse aide should wait approximately 30 minutes after pain medication is administered to begin any activity. This allows the client to become more comfortable before the nurse aide begins an activity.

Which of the following changes in a client's vital signs may indicate that the client is experiencing pain?

A.The temperature decreases from 98.8 to 98.2 B.The pulse decreases from 80 to 70 *C.The blood pressure increases from 110/70 to 140/90* D.The oxygen saturation increases from 92% to 94% When a client is experiencing pain, blood pressure, pulse, and respirations will increase.

When assisting a client with a partial bath, what part of the body should the nurse aide expect to provide the MOST assistance?

A.The underarms B.The chest C.The face *D.The back* A partial bath involves bathing the face, hands, underarms, back, buttocks, and perineal area. When the nurse aide assists with a partial bath, the nurse aide will usually wash the back because the client cannot reach that area himself.

What is the purpose of bathing a client?

A.To toughen skin and prevent skin tears B.To prevent illness in a client *C.To clean the body and stimulate circulation* D.To increase the amount of oil in a client's skin

The nurse aide is shampooing a client's hair in the bed. How should the nurse aide provide for the client's comfort while rinsing the hair?

A.Turn the client to the right side, and then rinse the hair thoroughly *B.Place a washcloth over the client's eyes to protect the client from water getting into the eyes* C.Warm the water to 150 degrees before rinsing to prevent chilling the client D.Ask the client to hold the water pitcher while the nurse aide directs the rinsing procedure The nurse aide should place a washcloth over the client's eyes to protect him or her from the water spray while the hair is being rinsed.

The nurse aide is caring for a client who has lost weight recently. How will this weight change affect the client's need for sleep?

A.Weight loss and sleep needs are not connected B.The client's sleep needs will not change *C.The client will need less sleep* D.The client will need more sleep Changes in a client's weight affect the amount of sleep that a client needs. Clients who gain weight commonly need more sleep, while clients who lose weight commonly need less sleep.

The nurse aide is assisting a client who has just had a bowel movement. The nurse aide would report to the nurse if the client complained of:

A.a formed stool *B.blood in the stool* C.passage of gas with the bowel movement D.an unpleasant odor The nurse aide would immediately report the presence of blood in the client's stool. It is common for the stool to be formed, have an odor, and be accompanied by gas.

When obtaining a stool sample, the nurse aide transfers the stool to the lab container using:

A.a metal spoon *B.a clean tongue blade* C.an emesis basin D.a gloved finger The nurse aide should use a clean tongue blade to transfer the stool to the lab container. The nurse aide will wear gloves and use the tongue blade to transfer the required amount of stool. The tongue blade is then disposed of properly.

The assessment finding that the nurse aide should report to the nurse immediately is:

A.a pulse of 80 *B.a respiratory rate of 32* C.a blood pressure of 112/72 D.a temperature of 98.3 degrees F A normal respiratory rate is between 16 and 22; therefore, a rate of 32 should be immediately reported to the nurse.

The client's comprehensive care plan is:

A.a written list of treatments given to all clients in a healthcare facility B.an oral report given at the beginning and end of each shift about client census C.an oral recording that orients the client to the healthcare facility *D.a written document that serves as a guide to the care given to a client* A care plan serves as a document that lists the specifics of each individual client's care; for example, the type of bath a client takes, the specific diet the client is on, and other client preferences. Each client in a healthcare facility will have an individualized care plan.

The most common time to weigh a client is:

A.after breakfast and before morning care *B.first thing in the morning, before breakfast* C.prior to going to bed in the evening D.after morning care and before lunch The most common time to weigh a client is prior to breakfast. This is believed to be the client's truest weight, before any food is eaten and before the client has moved around very much.

The nurse aide is preparing to cleanse the genital area of a female client who has just urinated. The procedure that the nurse aide should follow is to:

A.allow the client's urethral area to drip dry *B.cleanse from the urethral area to the rectal area using toilet tissue* C.cleanse only the urethral area with toilet tissue D.cleanse from the rectal area to the urethral area with toilet tissue The nurse aide will cleanse from front (urethra) to back (rectum) to avoid contaminating the urethra with bacteria from the rectal area.

The LAST step the nurse aide should perform when providing perineal care to an uncircumcised male is to:

A.apply lubricant to the client's foreskin *B.return the client's foreskin to its normal position* C.wash the client's penis using a circular motion D.place a dressing over the client's penis

The nurse aide is assisting a client with a meal when the client indicates he is choking. The nurse aide should immediately:

A.ask the client to cough repeatedly until he can breathe better B.raise the client's arms over his head until his airway clears C.place the client in a prone position and apply multiple back blows *D.stand or kneel behind the client and perform abdominal thrusts* The nurse aide should immediately perform abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) to attempt to dislodge the food.

Prior to beginning any therapeutic interaction with a client, the nurse aide MUST:

A.ask the nurse B.verify the procedure C.check the care plan *D.properly identify the client* Before any therapeutic interaction with the client, the nurse aide must first identify the client to make sure that he or she is working with the right client.

The last action of a nurse aide in a therapeutic or technical procedure is to:

A.ask the nurse if anything else needs to be done B.tidy the client's room C.get the client fresh water and towels *D.wash hands and report and record observations*

The nurse aide will immediately notify the nurse about a client who has:

A.asked for soup for dinner B.drunk juice and coffee but no water all day *C.an intake of 1200 mL and an output of 200 mL* D.requested to take a nap after lunch The nurse aide should immediately notify the nurse about a client who has a great discrepancy in intake and output. In this case, the client's intake was a lot greater than the output. The nurse aide would also notify the nurse if the client's output was a lot greater than the client's intake.

The nurse is observing a nurse aide complete hair grooming on a client. The action by the nurse aide that would require additional instruction in hair grooming is:

A.asking the client's preference for hair style before grooming B.combing the hair at the client's hairline *C.using a comb with broken teeth to complete hair grooming* D.applying conditioner before combing the client's hair Sharp or broken teeth on a comb can injure the client, so the nurse aide should be instructed to inspect the client's comb or brush prior to beginning hair grooming.

The physiologic benefit of brushing a client's hair is that it:

A.assists in stiffening the hair B.decreases the oil on the scalp C.keeps the hair dull *D.increases blood flow to the scalp*

The nurse aide is recording observations about a client. An observation that would not be appropriate to chart would be that the client:

A.ate 50% of breakfast B.ambulated 100 ft in the hall *C.looks unhappy* D.voided 100 mL clear, yellow urine The nurse aide should only record objective data. For example, instead of recording that the client looks unhappy, the nurse aide would record that the client is crying or would record a statement the client made that demonstrates the client's mood.

The nurse aide is preparing to attach an external catheter to a client. When attaching this device, the nurse aide MUST remember to:

A.attach the device to a slightly damp penis B.attach the device with adhesive tape *C.attach the device using flexible tape* D.tape the device tightly to the client's abdomen An external catheter is a flexible condom type device that is placed over the client's penis. The external catheter must be attached using flexible or elastic tape to allow for the changing size of the penis so that blood flow is not impeded into or out of the penis.

A client will be wearing a brace on his leg. The nurse aide should help the client put the brace on:

A.attached to the foot B.under the sock C.over the shoe *D.over the sock* The client must never put the brace directly next to the skin in order to prevent skin breakdown; therefore, the client will put the brace on over the sock or some type of skin covering.

The nurse aide is assisting in the admission of a client who is on complete bedrest. To obtain the client's height, the nurse aide SHOULD:

A.avoid getting the client's height at this time because he is unable to stand up B.ask the client what his height is, then record this as the height *C.use a tape measure from the top of the client's head to the bottom of the feet while the client is lying flat in bed* D.quickly assist the client to his feet, mark his height while he is standing against the wall in the room, then measure that distance The nurse aide must obtain the client's height even if he is not able to stand up straight. To obtain the client's height, the nurse aide should position the client on his back, flat in the bed, and then use a tape measure to obtain the client's length (which is equal to the client's height). Asking the client to give his height is not accurate enough.

A nursing home client has asked the nurse aide to assist her in shaving her legs. The BEST time to complete this procedure is:

A.before bed B.before dinner *C.after bathing* D.after breakfast Legs are shaved after bathing when the skin and hair is soft and more easily removed.

The nurse has instructed the nurse aide to empty the collection bag of a client. To accomplish this task, the nurse aide SHOULD:

A.disconnect the collection bag and empty the urine in the toilet B.empty the urine into the toilet while the client is in the bathroom *C.empty the urine into a graduate and pour the urine into the toilet* D.place client on the bedpan and empty the bag into the bedpan The nurse aide must empty the collection bag by obtaining a graduate and placing the urine in the graduate before emptying the urine in the toilet. This allows the nurse aide to measure the urine correctly.

The nurse aide should NOT take a rectal temperature on the client with:

A.ear infection B.jaw fracture *C.diarrhea* D.dementia The client with diarrhea should not have a rectal temperature. Stimulating the rectal area with the thermometer may cause the client to have more stools.

An older male client who retired from the military always denies that he is experiencing any pain even though he has a condition that appears to be causing a great deal of discomfort. This client would be described as:

A.easy going B.tranquil C.peaceful *D.stoic* The client would be described as stoic, a person who can endure pain or hardship without showing their feelings or complaining.. This is often seen in older male clients who have been taught that it is a sign of weakness to admit to feeling pain.

When preparing to apply anti-embolism hose(similar to compression stocking) to a client, the nurse aide will begin by:

A.elevating the client's leg above the heart *B.turning the hose inside out down to the heel* C.assisting the client into the prone position D.placing the client's heel in the opening at the bottom of the hose To aid in ease of application, the nurse aide should begin by turning the hose inside out down to the heel. When the hose is pulled up the leg, it will turn right side out.

The nurse aide is preparing to determine how much urine is in the client's urinal. The nurse aide would measure the urine by:

A.emptying the urine into a wax-lined cup B.estimating the amount of urine in the urinal *C.pouring the urine from the urinal into a graduate container* D.emptying the urine into a styrofoam cup The nurse aide must use a graduate to measure the urine. A graduate is a measuring container for fluid. It is used to measure body fluids.

A client is often constipated. The nurse aide can help the client deal with this condition by:

A.encouraging the client to drink milk and eat cheese *B.offering the client something to drink every two hours* C.suggesting that the client sit quietly during the day D.limiting the client's fluids after 4 P.M. The client with constipation needs to drink more liquids to help bring moisture to the stool.

The nurse aide is required to wear a mask while caring for a client. The nurse aide should put on a new mask:

A.every 10 minutes while the nurse aide is in the client's room *B.whenever the mask becomes damp or soiled by client contaminants* C.when the nurse aide leaves the client's room D.every day the nurse aide cares for the client The nurse aide should put on a new mask whenever the mask becomes damp, wet, or soiled. This timing will depend upon the condition of both the nurse aide and the client. At a minimum, the nurse aide must put on a new mask every time upon entering the client's room.

The nurse aide is assisting in the care of a client who is in respiratory isolation, and the nurse aide is required to wear a mask when providing care for this client. The nurse aide is required to put on a clean mask:

A.every 24 hours *B.each time the client's room is entered* C.when the client is admitted to the unit D.at the beginning of each shift The nurse aide must put on a clean mask each time the client's room is entered. The nurse aide must also change the mask while in the client's room if the mask becomes damp or moist.

To assist in preventing pressure ulcers, a client's position must be changed:

A.every 30 minutes *B.every 1 to 2 hours* C.every 3 to 4 hours D.every 8 hours One of the most important ways to prevent skin breakdown and pressure ulcers is to make sure that the client's position is changed on a regular basis. Many clients are able to move themselves and this is not an issue, but for the client who is unable to reposition himself, the nurse aide should change that client's position every 1 to 2 hours to prevent loss of blood circulation to an area.

How often should a client's urinary ostomy bag be emptied?

A.every 6 hours B.when the bag is full of urine *C.before the bag is 1/3 full of urine* D.every shift The bag should be emptied when it is 1/3 full of urine. If it gets too full, it will pull the ostomy device away from the skin. Just emptying it on a regular basis is not adequate because a client's urinary output varies during the day.

The nurse aide has just assisted a client who needed to urinate to the bathroom. Another appropriate term for the nurse aide to use to describe urination would be:

A.expectorating B.defecating C.straining *D.voiding*

Signs and/or symptoms of an infection include:

A.food cravings and increased energy *B.fever, loss of appetite, and fatigue* C.pain in the incision after surgery D.blood in the stool Fever, chills, an increase in vital signs, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, muscle aches, and discharge or drainage from an infected area are all signs of infection.

When performing hand hygiene, the nurse aide should wash the hands:

A.for 5-10 minutes *B.for approximately 40 seconds to 1 minute* C.for at least 10 seconds D.for 3-5 minutes The nurse aide should wash hands for approximately 40 seconds to 1 minute, or the time it would take to sing "Happy Birthday" twice.

It is important to encourage a client to get exercise because if muscles are not used they will:

A.gain strength *B.become contracted* C.enlarge D.lengthen Muscles that are not used will contract, which will make it very difficult for the extremity to be straightened. The muscles also lose strength when not used regularly.

A client asks the nurse aide if there is any way to prevent getting the flu. The nurse aide should advise the client to:

A.get regular exercise *B.get an annual flu shot* C.get plenty of sleep D.get extra vitamin C The best way to prevent the flu (influenza) is to get an annual flu shot. The client should discuss this with the nurse. Getting rest, exercise, and vitamin C will not prevent the flu.

The nurse aide is putting fresh water and ice into the clients' water pitchers. When completing this task, it is important that the nurse aide to remember to:

A.give each client a new water pitcher each day B.add water and ice to the water and ice already in the water pitcher C.place fresh water and ice into the water pitchers at least every 24 hours *D.never let the ice scoop touch the rim or the inside of the water pitcher* It is important for the nurse aide to remember that the ice scoop should never touch the rim or the inside of the water pitcher. Touching the rim or the inside of the pitcher can spread germs.

The nurse aide is preparing to change the bed linens of a client who has a draining wound. The type of personal protective equipment (PPE) that the nurse aide should use while performing this task is:

A.gloves and hair cover B.mask and gown C.mask, gloves, and shoe covers *D.gown and gloves* The nurse aide should wear gloves and a gown when changing the bed linens of a client who has a draining wound. This protects the nurse aide's uniform from contamination from the linen that might have wound drainage on it.

A client is going home with a long leg cast. The client will be prohibited from:

A.going to church *B.swimming* C.working D.car riding The client will not be allowed to go swimming because the cast will not hold its shape if allowed to get wet.

The nurse aide is preparing to comb a client's hair. If the client had head lice, the nurse aide would observe:

A.hair loss in the middle of the scalp B.dry, white flakes that drop off the scalp *C.white, oval substances that are adhered to the hair shaft* D.thinning hair with loss of pigmentation Head lice are seen as oval, white or yellow eggs (nits) that are attached to the hair shaft.

The nurse aide is caring for a client who has had to be taken to the bathroom five times in the last three hours. Each time, the client has had a liquid bowel movement. The nurse aide MUST report to the nurse immediately if the client:

A.has skin that is warm and moist B.is able to walk without difficulty *C.does not know what time it is* D.is drinking extra fluids The nurse aide would immediately report to the nurse that the client no longer is aware of time because this is confusion and is a sign of dehydration.

The nurse aide is assisting a client to ambulate in the hall when the client states that he feels faint. The nurse aide SHOULD:

A.have the client lie down on the floor prone and raise his arms B.return the client to his room and assist him into bed C.tell the client to take deep breaths and continue walking *D.immediately assist the client to lie down and bend the knees up* The nurse aide should immediately assist the client to lie down and bend the knees to improve blood flow to the brain.

A client is continent of urine during the day but wakes up every night with a wet bed. The term that describes this condition is:

A.hematuria: bloody urine *B.enuresis*:night urination C.dysuria:painful urination D.relaxation

When taking dirty linens from the bed to the laundry hamper, the nurse aide must be careful to:

A.hold the dirty linens close to the body *B.hold the dirty linens away from the body* C.gather the dirty linens in a clean towel D.push the dirty linens on the floor The nurse aide should be careful to hold dirty linens away from the body when taking them to the laundry hamper. If the linens are soiled with a significant amount of body fluids, the nurse aide should wear a gown while changing the bed linens and taking them to the laundry hamper, and then properly dispose of the gown.

At the completion of the performance of hand hygiene, the nurse aide should rinse the soap from the hands and lower arms by:

A.holding the palms of the hands under the warm water and letting the water run down toward the elbows *B.keeping the hands and forearms lower than the elbows while rinsing the soap away* C.keeping the hands and forearms higher than the elbows while rinsing the soap away D.having a wet washcloth available to remove the soap from the client's hand The hands and forearms should be lower than the elbows when rinsing the soap away to prevent the upper arms from being contaminated by the dirty soap water.

The nurse aide is planning to wear gloves to complete a procedure. The nurse aide should plan to perform hand hygiene (handwashing):

A.immediately after removing on the gloves B.after removing the gloves if the hands appear soiled *C.before putting on the gloves and after removing them* D.before removing the gloves

The nurse aide is watching a client with right-sided weakness walk with a cane. The nurse aide knows the client is using the cane correctly when the client puts the cane:

A.in front of the left foot B.in his right hand C.in front of the right foot *D.in his left hand* The client with right-sided weakness is using the cane correctly when he holds it in his left hand. Canes are used to support the weak side and are held in the hand of the strong side.

The nurse aide is aware that the client most at risk for skin tears is the client who:

A.walks a mile a day B.needs to lose 5-10 pounds C.uses a cane to assist with ambulation *D.is confined to a bed or wheelchair* Clients who are most at risk for both skin tears and pressure ulcers are those who are confined to beds or chairs, need assistance with both transfers and movements, are incontinent, have poor nutrition or hydration, are obese or very thin, or who have lowered mental awareness.

The nurse aide will be wearing a gown and gloves to provide care to a client. The proper way to put on this equipment is to:

*A.put on the gown, then put the gloves on, pulling them over the wrist of the gown* B.put on gloves, then put on the gown and keep the wrists of the gown over the gloves C.put the gown on one arm, put the glove on the same hand, then repeat on the other side D.put a glove on the dominant hand, put on the gown, then put on the other glove The nurse aide should put the gown on first, then put on gloves and make sure that the gloves extend over the wrists of the gown. This prevents microbes or contaminants from getting under the gown and on the skin.

The process of restoring an individual to the optimal physical, psychological, social, and economic function is known as:

*A.rehabilitation* B.nursing C.physical therapy D.medical care

The nurse aide is preparing a group of clients for bed. The action by the nurse aide that would require further instruction is if he or she:

*A.requires all clients to go to bed at the same time* B.provides a back massage to those clients that request it C.reduces the amount of noise in the area D.assists the clients to the bathroom before helping them to bed The nurse aide should not require all clients to go to bed at the same time. It is the client's choice regarding when to go to bed.

The nurse aide knows that some of the first signs of low oxygen level in the body are:

*A.restlessness and confusion* B.increased rate respirations and pulse C.cyanosis of the lips and nailbeds D.severe difficulty breathing Because the brain is very sensitive to lack of oxygen, some of the first signs of low oxygen are restlessness, confusion, and disorientation.

The nurse aide is caring for a client when the client unexpectedly vomits. The nurse aide believes that some of the client's vomitus went in the nurse aide's eye. The first thing the nurse aide should do is to:

*A.rinse the eye and report the incident to the charge nurse at once* B.patch the eye until the client is stable and then report the incident C.rinse the eye and put goggles on D.rinse the eye and then clean up the client The nurse aide should immediately rinse his or her eye and then report the incident to his or her superior so an exposure plan can be put into place.

Devices such as a long-handled hair brush or a spoon with a curved handle are known as:

*A.self-help devices* B.special helpers C.unique tools D.disability implements Special tools developed for individuals with specific disabilities are known as self-help devices. These devices allow individuals to be more independent in things such as eating, dressing, and hygiene.

What temperature range should water be during bathing?

105-115

To use a temporal thermometer on a client who is wearing a hat, the nurse aide SHOULD:

A.wash the client's head with alcohol *B.remove the hat and wait 10 minutes* C.skip obtaining the client's temperature D.scan the client's neck instead of his forehead The temporal thermometer takes a client's temperature by sliding the thermometer across the client's forehead and cannot be used if the client's forehead is covered by something such as a hat. The nurse aide should remove the hat and wait 10 minutes before taking the temperature.

When changing bed linens, the nurse aide must be careful to always:

A.wear a gown B.put on a face shield *C.wash hands* D.double-bag the linen The nurse aide should always wash hands before and after changing bed linen to prevent coming in contact with body fluids present in bed linens.

A client who has had a hip replacement would NOT be permitted to:

A.wear athletic shoes B.eat foods high in protein C.drink citrus juices *D.sit with legs crossed* The client who has had a hip replacement is not allowed to cross the legs in order to prevent dislocating the hip that was replaced.

The nurse aide knows that the most important way to prevent transmission of infection is to:

A.wear gloves B.use sterile technique *C.wash hands* D.take antibiotics

The nurse aide is aware that a client with stress incontinence is MOST likely to be incontinent:

A.when sleeping *B.when sneezing* C.when talking D.when eating

When is the nurse aide expected to assess the skin to assist in the prevention of pressure ulcers?

A.while providing P.M. care *B.every time the nurse aide provides any type of care to the client* C.every time the nurse aide toilets the client and can fully assess the client's skin D.while providing A.M. care

When giving perineal care to a male, the penis is cleansed:

A.with rubbing alcohol B.for a least 1 minute C.by scrubbing vigorously *D.starting at the urethra*

The nurse aide is assisting in caring for a client's body after death. The nurse aide notes that the client's mouth is in an open position. What is the BEST way for the nurse aide to hold the client's mouth closed in preparation for viewing by the family?

*A.Place a rolled towel under the client's chin* B.Place tape from the client's right ear to the left ear, running under the chin C.Place the client in a side-lying position with the chin resting on the chest D.Use gauze to tie the chin in place A soft rolled towel should be placed under the client's chin, which will cause the mouth to close. It will then appear more natural to the client's family for the immediate viewing of the body.

In what position should a client be placed for a back massage?

*A.Prone* B.Supine C.High Fowler's D.Semi-Fowler's Prone position means the client is positioned on the stomach, which makes back massage possible. All of the other choices have the client positioned on the back and would not allow for a back massage.

The nurse aide is working on a unit when a client calls out that there is smoke coming from Room 211. The word that the nurse aide should remember when dealing with emergency fire procedures is:

*A.RACE* B.MOVE C.RUN D.EXIT The nurse aide should remember the word RACE, which stands for: R-rescue, A-alarm, C-confine (the fire), and E-extinguish.

What position should the nurse aide place the client for an enema?

*A.Side lying* B.Supine C.Lithotomy D.Prone The best position for an enema is the side lying or Sim's position.

The new nurse aide is preparing to assist a client with dressing. What is important information the nurse aide needs to know BEFORE going to the client's room?

*A.The amount of assistance the client normally needs with dressing* B.The number of shirts in the client's closet C.The client's intended activity for the day D.The favorite color of the client It is important for the nurse aide to know the amount of assistance the client will need before proceeding to the client's room. The rest of the information can be obtained from the client.

The nurse aide should perform oral hygiene:

*A.according to the client's care plan* B.prior to the bath C.before breakfast D.at the completion of the bath Oral hygiene should be performed according to the client's choice and in accordance with the client's care plan.

A client's dentures should be cleansed:

*A.as often as natural teeth* B.every other day C.when they look dirty D.every week Dentures should be cleansed on the same schedule as natural teeth are cleansed. That should be at least once a day but it may mean more depending upon the individual client.

The nurse aide is transporting a client using a stretcher. In order to move the stretcher in a safe manner, the nurse aide SHOULD:

*A.ask for assistance from another employee* B.put the client in a wheelchair if at all possible C.push the stretcher by standing at the client's feet D.pull the stretcher to avoid running into things The nurse aide should ask for assistance when moving a stretcher to ensure client safety. If the nurse aide must push the stretcher alone, it should be done by pushing from the client's head so that the client moves feet first.

A nurse aide is assisting a new nurse aide with a bed bath. The action by the new nurse aide that would require correction by the experienced nurse aide is if the new nurse aide:

*A.begins the bath by washing the client's genital area* B.only exposes the part of the client's body that is being washed C.makes a washcloth into a mitt D.uses an orange stick to clean under the client's fingernails

At the beginning of a urinary tract infection, the client will often complain of:

*A.burning upon urination* B.urinating 3-4 times a day C.stomach pain after eating D.urinating large volumes of urine The most common symptom of a urinary tract infection is complaints of burning upon urination. Other complaints include urinary frequency, urinating only small amounts of urine at a time, and the urine having a very strong odor.

The nurse aide reads that the client has dysuria. The nurse aide would expect to find that the client:

*A.complains of pain or burning when urinating* B.will need incontinence pads changed every four hours C.urinates large amounts of urine every one to two hours D.complains of not knowing when he has to urinate Dysuria is painful or difficult urination.

While shopping, the nurse aide comes upon an individual who has tripped and fallen and has received a deep laceration to the right arm. The nurse aide knows that the first thing to do is to:

*A.elevate the individual's right arm and put direct pressure on the wound* B.lower the individual's right arm and cover the wound with a clean cloth C.take the individual to a hospital emergency department D.ask witnesses to write statements about the accident The first thing to do is to elevate the arm and to put direct pressure on the wound. This will help control the bleeding, which is the most important thing to do first.

A nurse aide is expected to check on the status of assigned clients:

*A.every hour* B.every 4 hours C.every 10 minutes D.once a shift The nurse aide should make hourly rounds on assigned clients to make sure that their status remains unchanged and to meet ongoing needs, such as checking for incontinence or toileting.

The nurse aide reads in the care plan that the client's morning routine includes ROM. Based on this information, the nurse aide should include in this client's morning care:

*A.exercising the client's extremities* B.monitoring the client for random movements C.tidying up the client's room D.reading the client's menu ROM stands for "range of motion," which means the nurse aide will put the client's extremities through the expected movements.

While providing care for a client with an infection, the nurse aide has entered the room wearing a protective gown, gloves, mask, and face shield. The nurse aide knows that the first thing to be removed upon leaving the room is the:

*A.gloves* B.face shield C.mask D.gown The nurse aide removes the gloves first so that he or she will not contaminate himself or herself with the organisms from the client. The nurse aide decontaminates the hands, and then removes the face shield, mask, and the gown in that order.

Signs and symptoms of a severe allergic reaction include:

*A.hives, edema, and difficulty breathing* B.itching on top of the feet C.watery eyes D.runny nose and sneezing Itching, runny nose, sneezing, and watery eyes are all signs of an allergic reaction, but signs of a severe allergic reaction include hives, swelling (edema of the face), and difficulty breathing. All of these signs must be reported to the nurse immediately because the client may die from a severe allergic reaction.

The nurse aide notes a client choking during meal time. The client is unable to speak and is clutching the throat. The nurse aide plans to perform an abdominal thrust (Heimlich maneuver) for this client. In order to perform this procedure, the nurse aide should place his hands:

*A.slightly above the client's navel(bellybutton) and below the sternum(ribcage)* B.in the middle of the client's chest C.in the middle of the client's back D.slightly below the client's navel and above the pubic bone Hand placement for abdominal thrusts for a choking victim is slightly above the navel and below the sternum. This allows for the maximum amount of air to be pushed upward against the obstruction in order to force the obstruction out of the client's trachea.

The nurse aide is discussing the daily activities with a client who is very hard of hearing. The nurse aide SHOULD:

*A.stand directly in front of the client when speaking* B.act as if the client can hear and complete the activities C.stand to the client's side and speak loudly into the ear D.write all instructions down and ask the client to read them The nurse aide should stand directly in front of the client when speaking because many hard-of-hearing clients lip read. They also watch facial expressions, gestures, and body language to understand what someone is saying. Providing the client with written instructions does not ensure that the client understands the instructions.

The nurse aide is caring for a client with HIV. The action by the nurse aide that would require further instruction by the nurse is:

*A.the nurse aide wears a gown, gloves, hair cover, shoe covers, goggles, and mask at all times when in this client's room* B.the nurse aide does not use any personal protective equipment (PPE) when delivering the client's food tray C.the nurse aide uses appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling the client's body fluids D.the nurse aide wears gloves and a gown when washing the client's hair Wearing total PPE is not needed every time the nurse aide enters the client's room. The use of PPE should be tailored to the needs of the client.

The nurse aide is observing a client who has an ice bag in place to assist in treatment of a knee injury. The nurse aide would immediately report to the nurse if:

*A.the skin under the ice bag appeared pale or bluish* B.the client asked for something to drink C.the room temperature felt warm D.the client complained that the ice bag felt cold The nurse aide would immediately notify the nurse if the skin under the ice bag had lost color or looked cyanotic. This would indicate that the area was not getting enough blood flow, and the ice would need to be removed or the client could suffer further injury.

A student nurse aide is performing hand hygiene. The action by this student that will require correction is:

*A.the student dried the hands and arms beginning at the elbow* B.the student turned off the faucet using paper towels C.the student lathered the hands with soap for at least 15 seconds D.the student cleaned the fingernails by rubbing them against the palms The student should dry the hands beginning at the fingertips and working up the forearm. This allows for drying the cleanest areas first.

When ambulating a client, the nurse aide should walk:

*A.to the side and slightly behind the client* B.to the side and in front of the client C.backwards and guide the client D.directly behind the client The nurse aide should walk on the client's side and slightly behind the client. This gives the nurse aide the ability to support the client and to assist the client in the event of a fall.

A good way for a nurse aide to remember how long to wash hands is:

*A.to wash hands for as long as it takes to sing "Happy Birthday" twice* B.to wash hands for as long as it takes to count to 10 C.to wash hands for as long as it takes to say the aide's first, last, and middle name D.to wash hands for as long as it takes to say the alphabet five times

Prior to completing A.M. care, the nurse aide applies lipstick to a female client's lips. When using cosmetics, it is MOST important for the nurse aide to remember to:

*A.use only the patient's personal supply of lipstick* B.apply petroleum jelly prior to applying the lipstick C.choose a color that compliments the client's clothing D.wash the client's lips with soap and water prior to application Cosmetics such as lipstick and foundation should only be used by one person to prevent the spread of any infection.

The BEST way to prevent infection in a healthcare facility is to:

*A.wash hands regularly* B.change bed linens regularly C.wear gloves D.wear a clean uniform daily

The nurse aide is working in a healthcare facility that uses military time. The nurse aide should record a procedure that took place at 4:00 in the afternoon as:

A.0400 B.0004 C.1400 *D.1600* In military time, 4:00 P.M. is 1600. Military time looks at a day as 24 hours, and the new day begins at 1 minute after midnight.

The client drank 8 ounces of coffee and 4 ounces of juice at breakfast. The nurse aide should record the milliliter (mL) amount of liquid the client drank for breakfast as:

A.12 mL B.120 mL C.80 mL D.360 mL An ounce equals 30 mL. The client drank a total of 12 ounces of liquid at breakfast, so the nurse aide should record that the client drank 360 mL of liquid at breakfast.

The nurse aide is assisting with CPR on a client. The nurse aide has been told to do chest compressions. How many times per minute should the nurse aide compress the chest of an adult client?

A.150 times/minute B.75 times/minute *C.100 times/minute* D.60 times/minute Compressions should be done at a rate of 100 per minute. This helps to ensure that adequate amounts of blood are being circulated to the brain.

The nurse aide knows that in order to accurately assess a client's respirations, the respirations must be counted for at least:

A.2 minutes B.10 seconds *C.30 seconds* D.15 seconds The minimum of amount of time needed for an accurate assessment of the respiratory rate is 30 seconds. The nurse aide counts the respirations, and then multiplies the number by 2. If the respirations are irregular, the nurse aide should count the respirations for 1 full minute.

The nurse aide is preparing to provide foot care for a resident. How long should the feet be soaked before removing the feet from the warm water?

A.2-3 minutes B.15-20 minutes C.30-40 minutes *D.5-10 minutes*

When measuring blood pressure, the nurse aide inflates the blood pressure cuff to:

A.30 mmHg below the point where the pulse was detected B.30 mmHg above the point where the client complains of pain *C.30 mmHg above the point where the pulse was detected* D.30 mmHg below the highest recorded blood pressure The nurse aide should inflate the cuff to 30 mmHg above the point where the nurse aide last felt the client's brachial pulse. This gives the nurse aide a good place to start listening for the systolic blood pressure and does not cause the client any unnecessary discomfort.

The nurse aide is preparing to record a client's intake prior to the end of the shift. The client drank 2 oz of juice and 8 oz of coffee at breakfast and 6 oz of broth and 8 oz of tea at lunch. The nurse aide should record the client's total intake for the shift as:

A.360 mL B.24 mL C.220 mL *D.720 mL* The nurse aide would record a total oral intake of 720 mL for this client. The conversion is 1 oz equals 30 mL. 24 oz * 30 = 720 mL.

A 75-year-old client complains to the nurse aide about feeling tired all of the time. The client usually goes to bed about 11:00 P.M. and gets up at 5:30 A.M. The nurse aide knows that a client of this age usually requires how much sleep each night?

A.4-6 hours B.8-9 hours C.10-12 hours *D.5-7 hours* Most clients who are 65 years of age or older require about 5-7 hours of sleep per night.

The client has just eaten 4 oz of strawberry gelatin for lunch. The nurse aide would record this as:

A.400 grams of gelatin *B.120 mL of gelatin* C.40 mg of gelatin D.4 cc of gelatin Gelatin is recorded as a liquid because it melts when heated. One ounce equals 30 mL, and since the client ate 4 oz of gelatin, this would convert to 120 mL of liquid.

What is the maximum length of time for a tub bath?

A.45 minutes B.30 minutes C.5 minutes *D.20 minutes* Clients should not be allowed to remain in a tub bath longer than 20 minutes to prevent the client from becoming chilled.

The nurse aide is using a pulse oximeter to check client oxygen concentration. The nurse aide should immediately report a pulse oximeter reading of:

A.95% B.93% *C.88%* D.98% The nurse aide must report any pulse oximeter reading of less than 92%. The normal range of readings with a pulse oximeter is 92-100%.

What type of hair care grooming aid would work BEST for a client with curly, coarse hair?

A.A brush B.A curling iron C.A fine tooth comb *D.A wide-tooth comb*

A client has been diagnosed with a wound that is infected by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). What does this mean?

A.A client with MRSA will need to wear a mask when out of his or her room B.Clients who have MRSA must not come in contact with other clients *C.There are only a few antibiotics that will treat this infection* D.Wounds infected with MRSA are always fatal MRSA occurs when the staphylococcus ("staph") organism becomes resistant to many antibiotics; therefore, there are only a limited number of antibiotic medications that treat this infection.

The nurse aide enters a client's room and finds the client lying in the bed. The client's color is cyanotic, and he does not appear to be breathing. The nurse aide's FIRST response in this situation is to:

A.begin cardiac compressions B.try to give the client two breaths C.pick up the phone and call 911 *D.try to establish responsiveness in the client* The first step in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is to establish responsiveness because this will dictate the next actions to take. Assess responsiveness by tapping or gently shaking the client and shouting, "Are you okay?" If the client is unresponsive, activate the emergency response system by calling loudly for help, dialing 911, or sending another person to get help. The next step is to assess the carotid pulse. If the unresponsive client has no pulse and is not breathing, the nurse aide would then begin giving breaths and cardiac compressions.

The healthcare facility is having a bingo game but the client does not want to go. The nurse aide SHOULD:

A.bring the game to the client B.ask the client why he won't attend C.stay with the client and play cards with him *D.respect the client's wishes*

The nurse aide has been wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) that consists of a gown, gloves, and goggles while caring for a client. The nurse aide should remove the PPE:

A.by removing the goggles and gloves inside the room and the gown on the outside of the room *B.by removing all of the PPE at the doorway of the client's room* C.by removing all of the PPE immediately after exiting the room D.by removing the gown and gloves at the doorway and the goggles outside the room The nurse aide should remove the gown, glove, and goggles at the doorway of the client's room and place them in the proper receptacle. If the client has a contagious disease and the nurse aide is wearing a mask, the mask should be removed after leaving the client's room.

The nurse aide enters a client's room just as he accidentally spills hot coffee over his hand and arm. The nurse aide's first action should be to:

A.call for assistance from the nurse B.assist the client out of the bed while the coffee is cleaned up *C.place a cold, wet washcloth on the client's hand and arm* D.clean up the coffee and change the client's gown and bed The nurse aide should immediately put something cool on the area that has possibly been burned. The cool, wet washcloth will stop any burning that is continuing on the skin. The nurse aide should then call for assistance from the nurse and clean up the tray and the client.

The nurse aide is participating in bladder training for a client. In order to accomplish this, the nurse aide SHOULD:

A.check the client's incontinence brief every hour for wetness *B.take the client to the bathroom at scheduled intervals* C.ask the client every 30 minutes if he needs to use the bathroom D.ask the nurse to insert an indwelling retention catheter Bladder training helps a client gain control of urination. To accomplish this, the nurse aide must take the client to the bathroom and help him onto the toilet at regular intervals.

A client complains to the nurse aide that he has difficulty sleeping. To promote self-care, the nurse aide should instruct the client that after dinner, avoid all foods and drinks that contain:

A.cheese *B.caffeine* C.yogurt D.milk Caffeine is a stimulant and may keep a person awake, so it should be avoided after dinner. Foods that contain dairy products tend to promote sleep.

The nurse aide is serving a food tray for a client who has had all his teeth removed and does not wear dentures. The tray has roast beef, mashed potatoes, squash casserole, and chocolate pudding. The food that could possibly cause a safety issue for this client is the:

A.chocolate pudding B.squash casserole *C.roast beef* D.mashed potatoes The roast beef must be chewed thoroughly prior to swallowing. The client may choke because he does not have any teeth and cannot adequately chew the meat.

A new nurse aide is preparing to place a client on the bedpan. The new nurse aide MUST be corrected if he or she:

A.cleans the bedpan B.wears gloves *C.does not ask visitors to leave the room* D.gives the client the call button

A client was admitted to a healthcare facility for surgery and after surgery became ill with a urinary tract infection. The nurse aide knows that this type of infection is:

A.contagious and requires isolation *B.a healthcare-associated infection (HAI)* C.normal after surgery D.caused by poor kidney function A client who becomes ill with an infection while in a healthcare facility has a healthcare-associated infection (HAI). It is also known as a nosocomial infection and is to be prevented at all costs

The nurse aide has been instructed to give a bed bath to a client. When washing the chest of the client, the nurse aide SHOULD:

A.cover the chest with individual washcloths B.wet a towel and quickly wash from the neck to the abdomen *C.place a towel over the client's chest and the wash the chest while slightly lifting the towel* D.bare the client's chest and wash the skin

The nurse aide is using an alcohol-based product to decontaminate the hands after providing care to a client. The step that is NOT necessary when performing this procedure is:

A.covering the entire surface of the hands with the alcohol-based product *B.washing the hands prior to using the alcohol-based product* C.rubbing the hands together until the hands are dry D.rubbing the alcohol-based product into the hands thoroughly

The nurse aide is grooming the hair of a client who has been ill and on bed rest for many days. The nurse aide finds the client's hair is very tangled and matted. The nurse aide SHOULD:

A.cut out the tangled pieces of hair B.place a shower cap on the hair to prevent further tangles C.vigorously brush the hair until the tangles are gone *D.comb in small sections until the hair is detangled* Hair that is very matted and tangled should never be cut. The nurse aide should work at the hair in small sections trying to untangle the hair.

The nurse aide knows that a gait belt should be placed:

A.directly on the client's skin *B.over the client's clothing* C.across the chest, directly under the armpits D.with the buckle directly over the spine The gait belt is to be applied over the client's clothing to prevent the belt from irritating the client's skin and to allow the nurse aide to have the most control in assisting the client during ambulation.

The nurse aide notes that a client has put on his call light but the nurse aide has not been assigned to that client. The nurse aide's BEST action in this situation is to:

A.inform the client that the appropriate nurse aide will be there as soon as possible B.ask the charge nurse who should answer the call light *C.go to the client's room and determine the client's need* D.notify the nurse aide assigned to this client that this client has put on his call light Clients push the call light because of a need and these needs may constitute an emergency. It is important that all call lights are answered promptly, and it is common for one nurse aide to answer the call light for other nurse aides to determine the client's needs.

The nurse aide is aware that smoking is prohibited in clients who use:

A.insulin *B.oxygen* C.computers D.pain medication Clients who use oxygen are completely prohibited from smoking because oxygen is flammable. Most healthcare facilities do not allow clients to smoke inside the facility, but clients who use oxygen cannot go outside to smoke if they must take the oxygen with them.

When a client is immune to a certain disease, the client

A.is capable of giving this disease to others B.is at high risk for contracting the disease *C.is protected against that disease and should not get it* D.is able to protect others from this disease Immunity means that the client is protected from a certain disease. This may have occurred by having received a vaccination against the disease or by having the disease itself.

The BEST way to help a client with Alzheimer's disease get dressed is to:

A.lay all of the client's clothes on the bed and let the client put them on B.sit the client in a chair and put each article of clothing on the client C.stand in the doorway and tell the client to get dressed *D.stack the client's clothes in the order that they are to be put on* The best way to help a client with Alzheimer's disease complete the dressing process is by stacking the clothes in the order that they should be put on. This way, the client sees only one piece of clothing at a time and does not become confused.

The nurse aide is working with a client on dressing skills. The BEST way to know that the client is able to be independent in dressing is to:

A.leave the client alone and check on his progress in 5 minutes B.ask the client to recite the steps necessary for dressing *C.observe the client attempt to dress himself* D.give the client written instructions to follow The best way to know if a client can complete a skill is to watch the client do that skill. Therefore, observation is the best way to know that the client is competent in independent dressing.

A client requires an apical pulse. The nurse aide should obtain the apical pulse by:

A.listening for a pulse with the stethoscope placed on the client's neck *B.placing a stethoscope on the client's chest over the heart and counting the pulse* C.feeling for and counting the pulse located on the top of the client's foot D.counting the pulse at the client's wrist while the client is exercising The apical pulse is taken by placing a stethoscope on the client's chest and counting the pulse.

A sign of infection in elderly clients that is not often seen in younger clients is:

A.loss of energy *B.confusion or delirium* C.fever D.loss of appetite Elderly clients may not demonstrate the traditional signs of infection such as significant fever or complaints of pain. The only sign of infection in some elderly clients will be confusion and sometimes delirium.

The nurse aide is preparing to change the bed linens of a client. Prior to removing the soiled linens, the nurse aide should begin by:

A.lowering the bed to its lowest level B.pulling the soiled linens toward the nurse aide's body C.placing the soiled linens on the floor of the room *D.performing hand hygiene and applying clean gloves* The nurse aide should begin by performing hand hygiene and applying clean gloves. The bed should be raised to a workable level, and the soiled linens should be rolled away from the nurse aide. Soiled bed linens should never be placed on the floor, only in the laundry bag.

The proper way for the nurse aide to apply lotion to a client after giving a bath is to:

A.never apply lotion because this is the responsibility of the nurse B.pour the lotion directly onto the client's chest and spread it liberally over the body C.squirt lotion directly onto the client's face immediately after the bath *D.place lotion in the nurse aide's hand, and then apply to the client* A small amount of lotion should be poured into the nurse aide's hand, and the lotion is then applied to the client. This allows the nurse aide to warm the lotion in the hand prior to application to the client's body.

A client has had surgery on his right eye. The nurse aide should place the client's food tray:

A.on the client's right side B.across the room C.in the middle of the overbed table *D.on the client's left side*

The nurse aide is preparing to take vital signs and knows that the client's radial pulse is located:

A.on the right or left side of the neck B.on the top side of the client's foot C.on the inside of the client's wrist on the little finger side *D.on the inside of the client's wrist on the thumb side*

The nurse aide is preparing to feed mashed potatoes to a client. When placing the food in the client's mouth, the spoon should be:

A.one-eighth to one-quarter full B.completely full C.three-quarters full *D.one-third to one-half full* Keeping the spoon at approximately one-third to one-half full prevents the client from choking on too large a bite and allows the client to easily chew and swallow the food.

The nurse aide is caring for a client who must remain flat. To promote self-care, the nurse aide should ask the client to bathe his own:

A.perineum B.abdomen C.feet *D.face* The nurse aide will ask the client to bathe his own face. Because the client must remain flat, his face may be the only part of the body that he can get to, but it will make the client feel more independent if he is allowed to complete part of the bath.

A nurse aide comes upon a visitor who has fallen and is bleeding heavily from an arm wound. The nurse aide SHOULD:

A.place a pillow under the visitor's head and elevate the feet B.assist the visitor to a sitting position and keep the arm lowered C.go to the nurse's station and request assistance *D.elevate the arm and put pressure on the wound* The nurse aide should immediately elevate the visitor's arm and put pressure on the wound. Then, the nurse aide should seek assistance. The arm should be kept elevated to assist in slowing the bleeding.

The nurse aide enters a client's room and observes the client having a seizure. The nurse aide SHOULD:

A.place the client in the supine position and elevate the legs B.try to get something between the client's teeth to open the airway, then call for the nurse *C.put on the client's call light, ask for the nurse, then protect the client from injury* D.go find the nurse to report the client's condition and get a blanket for client warmth The nurse aide must stay with the client during a seizure. The nurse is notified by putting on the client's call light and requesting the nurse's immediate presence. The nurse aide helps to protect the client from injuring himself or herself during the seizure.

The nurse aide is providing oral care for an unconscious client. The procedure that would be inappropriate for the nurse aide to perform in this situation is:

A.placing a towel under the client's chin *B.placing the client in the supine position* C.applying lubricant to the lips D.placing a kidney (emesis) basin under the chin The client must be turned on his side to prevent aspiration of fluids used during mouth care.

A client asks for a drink of water. The nurse aide cannot locate the client's water pitcher. In order to get the client a drink of water, the nurse aide SHOULD:

A.pour the client a glass of water from the roommate's water pitcher B.take a cup sitting on the client's bedside table and obtain water in the bathroom C.give the client the leftover iced tea that is left on the client's lunch tray *D.obtain a new water pitcher, fill it with ice and water, and provide the client a drink* Each client must have his or her own personal care equipment such as water pitchers, drinking utensils, wash basins, and bedpans. The client must be provided with fresh cups and beverages to prevent transmission of possible contaminants.

When shaving a resident's face with an electric razor, the nurse aide SHOULD:

A.proceed in the direction of the hair growth B.proceed from the ear to the nose C.proceed in a downward stroke *D.proceed in a circular motion* When using an electric razor, facial hair should be removed by moving the electric razor in a circular motion. When using a safety razor, facial hair should be removed by shaving with the direction of hair growth.

The nurse aide should use goggles or a face shield when:

A.providing a bed bath B.serving food trays C.walking clients in the hall *D.providing oral care* The nurse aide should wear goggles or a face shield while performing oral care because of the possibility of spray of oral secretions.

The principle that guides the nurse aide's actions after a client has received medication for pain is:

A.providing nutrition *B.promotion of safety* C.encouraging hydration D.taking care of hygiene The most important principle that guides the nurse aide's actions after a client has received pain medication is promotion of safety. This is because many pain medications make a client dizzy and drowsy, so the nurse aide must plan care to prevent client injury.

The nurse aide is escorting a blind client to the dining room. The nurse aide SHOULD:

A.put the client next to the wall and direct him to the dining room *B.walk slightly ahead and to the side of the client* C.walk directly behind the client and voice directions D.hold the client by the hand and lead him The nurse aide escorts a blind client by stepping slightly ahead and to the side of the client. The client slightly touches the nurse aide's arm, and the nurse aide guides the client to the destination.

The location that the nurse aide should check for a pulse in an adult client who does not appear to be breathing is:

A.radial *B.carotid* C.brachial D.apical During CPR, the carotid pulse (in the neck) is the one that is checked to see if the client has a heartbeat.

The nurse aide is using a tympanic thermometer to take a temperature. In order to obtain the client's temperature, the nurse aide should place this thermometer in the client's:

A.rectum *B.ear* C.armpit D.mouth

Prior to arriving at work, the nurse aide begins to feel ill and has a temperature of 102 degrees F. The nurse aide SHOULD:

A.report to work and ask to be sent home B.take some fever-reducing medication and report to work *C.not go to work, call the facility, and report the illness* D.report to work and attempt to work the shift The nurse aide should not go to the healthcare facility with an elevated temperature. The nurse aide should call work and report the illness. This will prevent the spread of infection to others.

When ambulating a client who has had a stroke, the nurse aide knows to stand on the client's:

A.right side *B.weak side* C.left side D.strong side The nurse aide should ambulate the client who has had a stroke by standing on the client's weak side. This allows the nurse aide to best support the client

To prevent orthostatic hypotension, the nurse aide should tell the client to:

A.rise slowly from sitting to standing B.roll over carefully in bed C.sit quietly in a wheelchair D.maintain strict bedrest Orthostatic hypotension is when the blood pressure drops suddenly when a client sits up or stands up quickly. Clients are instructed to rise slowly to prevent dizziness from occurring.

Activities that an individual does as a normal part of everyday life are called:

A.routine life activities (RLAs) *B.activities of daily living (ADLs)* C.usual plan activities (UPAs) D.personal care activities (PCAs) The activities that an individual does every day—such as bathing, dressing, and eating—are known as activities of daily living (ADLs). They are a very important part of restoring independence to an individual who has been sick or injured.

A student nurse aide is being taught how to properly perform hand hygiene. It is important for the student to learn to rub the palms together and work up a good lather because:

A.rubbing the palms gets rid of dead skin *B.rubbing the palms produces friction* C.rubbing the palms spreads the soap between the fingers D.rubbing the palms makes lather for the rest of the hand hygiene Rubbing the palms together while performing hand hygiene produces friction, which helps in removing germs from the hands.

The nurse aide responds to a client's call light and finds the client sitting up in bed and looking confused. The nurse aide notes that the right side of the client's face is drooping, and the nurse aide cannot understand the client when she tries to speak. The client is also unable to lift her right hand. The possible cause of this client's symptoms is a:

A.seizure *B.stroke* C.hemorrhage D.heart attack The client is exhibiting the classic signs of a stroke, which is also called a brain attack. The nurse aide should notify the nurse immediately so that the client can receive immediate attention.

A client who is blind is preparing to eat dinner. The nurse aide can BEST help this client to be independent with this meal by:

A.sitting to the side of the client and directing each bite of food the client wishes to eat *B.describing the food and its location on the plate by comparing the plate to the numbers on a clock* C.guiding the client's hand to the food, and then guiding the client's hand back to the mouth D.mixing all of the food together and placing it in the middle of the plate so the client can easily eat The nurse aide should explain what each food is on the tray and where it is located by comparing it to the face of the clock. For example, the potatoes are at 6 o'clock, the green beans are at 8 o'clock, and so forth.

The item that would NOT need to be labeled as biohazard is:

A.spinal fluid B.urine *C.partially eaten food* D.blood Blood, body fluid, secretions, and excretions are all considered biohazardous. Food that has been partially eaten would not be considered biohazardous.

The stage of sleep in which dreaming occurs is:

A.stage 3 NREM sleep B.stage 4 NREM sleep C.stage 2 NREM sleep *D.REM sleep* Dreaming occurs during REM sleep. This stage of sleep is necessary for a client to have restorative sleep. Stage one of sleep, also known as the transitional phase, occurs when one finds themselves floating in and out of consciousness. Stage two is also a non-REM phase and is one of the lighter stages of sleep.Stages three and four are characterized as the deep stages of sleep, and are often the hardest to wake up from. Stage five is the only stage of rapid eye movement (REM), and is unlike any other sleep phase because the brain is bursting with activity.

The nurse aide is aware that signs and symptoms of a stroke include:

A.swelling in the legs and feet B.loss of thirst and appetite *C.sudden loss of feeling and function on one side* D.pain and swelling in the feet and hands A stroke is also known as a brain attack and is caused either by a clot in the brain or bleeding in the brain. A sign would be a sudden loss of feeling or function on just one side of the body. Other signs might include drooping of the mouth and complaints of a severe, sudden headache.

The most appropriate way to record the amount of food eaten by a client for breakfast is:

A.the client ate most of breakfast *B.the client ate 50% of breakfast* C.the client ate a little bit of breakfast D.the client ate some of breakfast The nurse aide should always document in the most objective way possible; therefore, using a percentage gives the other staff the best idea of the amount of breakfast eaten by the client.

The client that would prefer to use a fracture pan when asking to use the bedpan is:

A.the client who has an infection B.the client who has dementia C.the client who had foot surgery *D.the client who is in traction* A fracture pan has a very thin rim and it easily slips under the buttocks of a client who must lay flat in bed such as a client who is in traction. traction refers to the set of mechanisms for straightening broken bones or relieving pressure on the spine and skeletal system

The nurse obtains a client's temperature and records it as 98.8 degrees F. The nurse aide should interpret this data as:

A.the client's temperature is dangerously high, and the nurse must be notified *B.the client's temperature is normal, and nothing else is needed at the moment* C.the client's temperature is elevated, and the client needs an ice pack D.the client's temperature is too low, and the client needs to put on a sweater The normal body temperature is 97-100 degrees Fahrenheit when taken orally.

Of the following situations regarding urination, the nurse aide should report to the nurse the situation where:

A.the client's urine is pale yellow in color B.the male client prefers to sit when he urinates C.the client needs to urinate four times a day *D.blood is present on the toilet tissue after the client urinates* The nurse aide must report the presence of blood after urination. This may be a sign of a bladder or kidney infection.

The nurse aide is aware that, in order to safely use a mechanical lift for client transfer:

A.the lift wheels must always remain unlocked *B.two trained individuals must be present* C.the sling must be smaller than the client D.the client must weigh at least 300 pounds At least two trained individuals are needed when using a mechanical lift to transfer a client. Two people are present to ensure client safety. Certain healthcare facilities require that a mechanical lift be used for ALL client transfers, no matter what the client weighs.

A client who is on bedrest can move up and turn independently with the help of a(n):

A.trapeze bar B.trochanter roll C.foot cradle D.arm splint A trapeze bar hangs from an overbed frame on a client's bed. The client can reach up and use the bar to pull up and rearrange his position in bed independently.

The nurse tells the nurse aide that the client has dysphagia. This means that this client has difficulty:

A.urinating *B.swallowing* C.walking D.breathing Dysphagia means difficulty swallowing.

The nurse aide is preparing to cleanse the genital area of a client with an indwelling catheter. When cleaning the client's catheter, the nurse aide SHOULD:

A.use a washcloth and begin approximately 4-6 inches down the tube and wash upward to the urinary meatus B.use an alcohol wipe and clean the catheter tubing by cleaning the urinary meatus and moving downward about 12 inches C.use a washcloth and wash the catheter tubing up and down three times or until the tubing is clean *D.use a washcloth and clean the tube starting at the urinary meatus and cleaning downward for about 4-6 inches* The nurse aide should use a warm, wet washcloth and starting at the urinary meatus, cleanse down the catheter tubing with one smooth stroke. The nurse aide would never wipe toward the meatus to prevent bacteria from moving up the tube.

The food or fluid that the nurse aide should NOT give to a client who is on a thickened liquid diet is:

A.vanilla milk shake *B.lemonade* C.pudding D.mashed potatoes Clients are placed on a thickened liquid diet because they choke and aspirate unless there is some substance to what they are swallowing. Lemonade is not thickened and could cause choking in this client.

The nurse aide is working with a client who is paralyzed from the waist down. The client is learning to move independently from the wheelchair to the bed. To complete this task, the client MUST learn to use a:

A.walker *B.transfer board* C.motorized wheelchair D.mechanical lift Clients who are paralyzed from the waist down are unable to independently bear weight on their legs. Therefore, the client needs something to help him or her move from the wheelchair to the bed without bearing weight. The client can learn to use a transfer board, which allows the client to slide from the wheelchair to the bed.