CO1
What can transform a probability into a fact?
An actual observation
Along with leadership, a CO must learn what 2 additional traits
Supervision and management.
What type of decisions must be made as an incident progresses and its situation changes?
Supplemental decisions
These must appear on all controlled products received at a workplace in Canada and contain the Product ID, Supplier ID, Statement that a safety data sheet (SDS), Hazard symbol, Risk phrases, and first aid measures?
Supplier labels
Division of labor
consists of dividing large jobs into smaller tasks to be assigned to specific individuals. - It assigns responsibility, - Prevents duplication of effort - Makes clear cut assignments EX. Search team, EMS team, Vent team
Regardless of the type of system or means of activation, all fire detection/signaling systems must:
meet NFPA® 72, National Fire Alarm Code
What is an assignment that comes with the authority to make decisions and assignments within the boundaries of the overall plan and safety conditions?
A tactical level assignment
Ethics refresher courses should be performed how often in an organization
Annually
Leadership traits: Decisiveness
Making decisions quickly and effectively
Which of the following is included in the development process for pre incident plans?
Managing data from multiple plans
Scalar structure
MOST COMMON in the fire service and EMS. Defined as having an uninterrupted series of steps or a chain of command.
Fire alarm boxes with individual radio transmitters are classified as either Type A _________or Type B _______ transmission.
Manual retransmission, automatic retransmission
WHMIS labels can be a ____, sign, stamp, sticker, seal, ticket, tag, or wrapper
Mark
What must happen to evidence before the organization releases a scene?
Marked, tagged, and photographed
US and Canadian color codes, Green?
Marks safety equipment, such as first-aid station, safety showers and exit routes
US and Canadian color codes, Blue?
Marks safety information, such as labels, or required PPE
What is the highest level of skill performance when the skill has been internalized due to repitition and experience in performing the skill in actual incidents?
Mastery
What is the fuel that is first set on fire by the heat of ignition, Both type of of material and the form of the material should be identified?
Material first ignited
Which of the following factors are defined by the International Building Code® classifications?
Materials and fire performance of the building elements of the structure
Construction classifications are based on?
Materials used in construction and upon hourly fire resistance rating of the structural members.
Structure Fire Survivability, Normal fire conditions
Maximum survival time is 10 minutes
Exposure investigations
May occur immediately following the incident or at some point in the future when symptoms of the exposure appear in the individual.
US and Canadian color codes, Yellow?
Means caution, Indicates a physical hazard such as tripping hazards, Also used on corrosive or unstable materials
US and Canadian color codes, RED?
Means danger or stop, used on containers of flammable liquids, emergency stop bars, stop buttons, and fire-protection equipment.
US and Canadian color codes, Orange?
Means of Warning, is used on hazardous machinery with parts that can crush, cut, or injure a worker.
Which of the following is the most important life safety item to be inspected during a fire and life safety inspection?
Means of egress
The two major organizations that develop model building codes including structural, electrical, plumbing, and safety requirements are the:
National Fire Protection Association® and International Code Council.
Federal: Fire and emergency services organization (Public)
National level -exists to protect federal lands and property, which include forestry units, and orgs. stationed on military installations. -US gov't maintains a nationally organized USAR team -US fire Admin (USAF) provides training for all paid, volunteer and combination orgs. through the National fire academy (NFA) asn well as the Emergency management institute (EMI)
Leadership traits: Innovation and creativity
Seeking continuously new and imaginative methods for accomplishing the mission of the organization.
What fire protection system, when activated, may potentially restrict movement throughout a structure?
Smoke, heat, or alarm activated doors
What type of typical fire pattern is left as a result of the way the fire was extinguished during fire suppression efforts.
Suppression - generated fire pattern
Fire damage to NONcombustible surfaces may cause?
Surface discoloration, spalling, melting, or distortion.
Specific statements of measurable outcomes are called?
Tactical objectives, ex. Search and rescue, exposures
What are the 3 most common type of personnel accountability systems used at emergency incident?
Tag systems SCBA tag systems Bar code readers
Avoiding method of resolving conflict
Taking a nonassertive or passive approach, ppl may deny the problem exists.
What refers to those activities assigned to specific resources that result in the accomplishment of tactical level requirements?
Task level
What BEST describes why carbon dioxide fire extinguishing systems are hazardous to anyone in a flooded compartment?
The system extinguishes fire by excluding oxygen
What is often one of the most dangerous phases of the incident?
The transfer of command.
The level 1 FO must administer the org's policies and procedures and orders at what level?
The unit level.
A fire and life safety inspection begins:
as the unit approaches the building or facility.
Standpipe and hose systems are required on each floor of structures greater than:
four stories
Monitors with glass sides used in ventilation systems rely on _____ to provide ventilation in case of fire.
glass breaking
Identifying control measures for significant risks in an organizational risk management plan is also known as:
risk control techniques.
Identifying exposure to hazards and selecting, implementing, and monitoring techniques to handle the exposure is a process known as:
risk management
When company officers have questions regarding potential code infractions, they should refer to _____ when inspecting buildings and facilities.
their fire prevention division
When inspecting standpipe and hose systems, water accumulation between the connection and the first fold can indicate that a:
valve is partially open or leaking.
What is defined as 2 or more persons with common goals that may or may not be explicitly stated?
A group
Accepted format for a Letter
-Heading -Opening -Body -Closing
The CO must coordinate training with? (2ppl)
1. The training division 2. The property owner
What are the two types of decision making models?
Centralized and decentralized
How often should CO's address safety issues?
Each shift
Equipment on flat roofs create what kind of load?
Dead Load
What involves the overall command of the incident?
The strategic level.
Ethics
(AKA Moral Philosophy) Are the agreed upon philosophical principles that define what is correct and proper behavior for members of a society. What is right and proper conduct for the individual in all relationships and activities.
Passive conflict management style
(nonaggressive) Occurs when ppl hide their emotions so that others do not know how they feel. The goal is to appease the other person and avoid conflict.
Employee Assistance Program
(EAP) Program to help employees and their families with work or personal problems.
Federal Fair Labor standards act
(FLSA)Requires employers to maintain accurate records of hours worked. Which is why duty exchanges are included in Labor/Management agreements.
Mutual Aid
(Upon Request) Reciprocal assistance from one fire and emergency service to another during an emergency, based upon a prearranged agreement.
The CO or training division may have a list of available remote training sights which should include what info?
- Location - Name of owner/representative - Availability - Water supply source - Types of training evolution's the sight could support.
Ex. Of Unsafe Acts at Facilities
- Not using warning signs for wet surfaces - Using power and hand tools improperly - Climbing stairs improperly - Improper lifting of heavy objects - Horseplay
Ex. Of unsafe Facility Conditions
- Poor lighting - Wet or oily floors - Slippery or Icy sidewalks - Poor maintenance
3 Common techniques for extending a budget.
-Funding the minimum number of and types of resources needed. -Relying on mutual aid, automatic aid, or outside aid agreements -Alternative staffing, Ex. OT, Call back, Stations/units closure
Letters
-Generally used with persons, groups, and agencies outside the organization. -Are longer, more formal, and often represent the ENTIRE organization. -Considered official documents that should be professional and flawless and require the attention that a report or executive summary gets.
Essential information (radio)
-One possible problem using clear text is the sender rambling (Jason Owens) -Messages should be short and too the point. -Only essential info should be transmitted.
What 4 diseases can we receive vaccinations for?
1. Anthrax 2. Hepatitis B 3. Annual Flu 4. Tuberculosis
FF life safety initiatives (16 on pg 174)
-A blue print to reducing FF deaths and injuries. -Created at the FF life safety summit in March of 2004 in Tampa FL.
Management skills
-Administrative skills- Report writing, knowledge of laws, codes, ordinances, etc. -Human and communication skills- ability to work with others -Conceptual and decision making skills- problem solving skills
Decentralized decision making model
-Decisions are made at the lower levels with the effects of the decisions reported through the structure -Authority is limited to only those tasks over which a person has been given authority. -allows for expeditious handling of most matters -Duplication of effort may occur.
Centralized decision making model
-Decisions are made by ONE person at the top of the structure. -Works well in small organizations -Span of control may be exceeded in larger orgs. -Accountability for decisions is almost always centralized. -The Chief delegates authority but is still ultimately responsible.
Delegation of authority, when assigning a task a CO must
-Describe the task and its relationship to the overall goal or objective. -Identify available resources -Identify time and safety constraints
Ex. Of Unsafe Acts at Emergency Scenes
-Freelancing - Not maintaining crew integrity -Not having proper communication with the IC or dispatch - Not having proper PPE -Lack of situational awareness - Lack of appropriate rehab
ORGANIZATIONAL risk management process (5 steps)
-Requires a systematic approach and includes 1. Risk identification 2. Risk evaluation-the probability/potential for negative consequences 3. Establishment of priorities for action- ranking risks based on severity and frequency. 4. Risk control techniques 5. Risk management monitoring- Determine if the risk management plan is working, what is changing, and if personnel are able to complete assignments.
Leadership skills
-Seeing opportunities -Identifying challenges -Communicating -planning for success -building trust -modeling desired behavior -understanding the system -Enabling others to act -Encouraging subordinates -Establishing priorites
Attributes of Command presents
-Self-confidence -trustworthiness -consistency -responsibility -acceptance -expertise
SMART for establishing objectives
-Specific -Measurable -Attainable -Relevant/Realistic -Time-Bound/Timely
Developing successful leadership skills
-Study successful leaders -360 feedback evaluation -Take courses, seminars, workshop's, books, mentors
Effective supervision is extreamly difficult when?
-Tasks being performed are very complex -Workers level of training is minimal -Workers are performing dissimilar tasks -Workers are widely separated from the supervisor and each other.
Interoperability
-The ability of a system to work with ans use the parts or equipment of another system. -Vital for implementing NIMS
Work groups may created based on what elements (division of labor)?
-Type of task -Geographical area -Time of year or season -Available resources -Skills specialization
Ex. of Unsafe Conditions at Emergency Scenes
-Zero visibility -Unsafe structural conditions -Rapidly moving or uncontrolled fires\ -Hostile crowds -Unstable vehicles - Environmental
Persuasive speeches are difficult to develop but can be most important speeches officers can give. Persuasive speech outline:
1 Gain the audience's attention with an introduction. 2 Describe the problem and demonstrate a need for a change in current situation. 3 Present the best solution, provide information and evidence to illustrate how it accomplished the goal. 4 Describe the best solution, where it has been used before. 5 Provide the audience with the basic steps needed to accomplish the change, which is the basis of the speech.
Common unethical behavior is lying and what are the 4 main reasons for lying
1. Basic needs- Gain objects that fulfill an individuals basic needs, i.e. food, money, clothing etc. 2. Affiliation- create, prolong or avoid social relationships, such as hazing 3. Self-esteem- Increase the percieved competence of an individual in others eyes, i.e. falsifying records, cheating to get a higher score. 4. Self-gratification- Increase an individuals personal enjoyment, i.e. gambling, substance abuse
Other duties of a CO
1)Being assigned to the training division 2) Performing preconstruction plans reviews 3) Issuing permits or licenses 4) Acting as a liaison to other agencies 5) Report to the local governing body to provide info and advise.
According to the international building code classifications (IBC) Type 1B has?
1. 2 hour fire resistive rating for the structural frame and load bearing walls 2. 2 hour fire resistive rating on floors 3. 1 hour fire resistive rating on roofs
According to the international building code classifications (IBC) Type 1A has?
1. 3 hour fire resistive rating of the structural frame and load bearing walls 2. 2 hour fire resistive rating on floors 3. 1.5 hour fire resistive rating on roofs
Lesson plan (1 and 2)
1. A road map that guides the instructor, teacher, or CO through the topic. 2. Teaching outline or plan for teaching that is a step-by-step guide for presenting a lesson or presentation. It contains information and instructions on what will be taught and the teaching procedures to be followed. It covers lessons that may vary in length from a few minutes to several hours.
The means of egress consists of what 3 parts?
1. Access to the exit 2. The exit itself 3. The exit discharge
What are the 4 generally accepted classifications of fire cause?
1. Accidental 2. Natural- ex. Lightning, storms, floods 3. Incendiary- a fire deliberately set under circumstances in which responsible party knows that the fire should not be ignited. 4. Undetermined- Used when the specific cause has not been determined.
The material first ignited must have what 3 characteristics that parallel the characteristics of the ignition source?
1. Capable of being ignited by heat energy of the identified ignition source 2. Close enough to the ignition source to receive energy transfer 3. Capable of absorbing and retaining sufficient heat energy transferred to begin the combustion process
The six steps to conflict resolution
1. Classify/identify the problem 2. Define/diagnose the problem 3. Determine the right response/appropriate conflict management style. 4. Determine alternative options 5. Convert the decision into action 6. Test the action against the desired outcome.
What are the 3 distinct sections of Risk management?
1. Community risk assessment 2. Organizational risk assessment 3. Operational risk assessment
Five C's of Radio Communication:
1. Conciseness- Message should be specific, task oriented and directed at companies not individuals. 2. Clarity- Describe only one task at a time. 3. Confidence- Use a calm neutral tone. 4. Control- Require the receiver to repeat the message back to reduce chance of misunderstanding. 5. Capability- Exercise emotional control, remain calm under stress.
What are the 5 "C's" of radio communication?
1. Conciseness- To avoid congesting assigned frequencies. Messages should be specific, task-oriented, and directed at COMPANIES, not individuals 2. Clarity- describe only ONE task at a time 3. Confidence 4. Control- Requiring the receiver to repeat the message back to the sender reduces the chance of a misunderdstanding. 5. Capability- Well trained receivers and senders
Excitement fire setters may begin to have pattern development which include what 5 categories?
1. Dates and days of the week 2. Time of day 3. Type of structure 4. How the fire is set 5. Where the fire is set
The 4 step method of counseling
1. Describe the current performance 2. Describe the desired performance 3. Gain a commitment for change 4. Follow up on the commitment.
The 8 step process to create command presence. (Does Kevin Develop Listening Models In Every Thought)
1. Determine what the situation is 2. Know what resources are available and apply to the situation 3. Develop the S&T's required to resolve the situation 4. Listen to all points of view 5. Make the decision 6. Implement the decision 7. Evaluate the decision and modify as necessary 8. Take responsibility for the decision.
During a Pre-incident survey, the Company officer and crew should examine what four systems?
1. Electrical to identify shut offs 2. Plumbing systems to identify shut offs 3. HVAC systems to determine if the system can assist in removing smoke 4. Fire protection system to identify the systems controls and FDCs
First line supervisors should categorize activities into 3 levels of priority
1. Emergency response 2. Preparation for emergency response 3. Organizational duties
Communication procedures must accomplish two objectives.
1. Establish the use of specific common terms 2. Establish a system of periodic progress reports to keep all units current on the progress of an incident.
What are the 4 basic steps in determining the area of origin?
1. Examine the EXTERIOR of the structure or vehicle and the surrounding area 2. Examine the INTERIOR of the structure or vehicle 3. Interview witnesses and other first responders 4. Analyze the information gathered using the scientific method
What are the five stages of group development?
1. Forming- trust and respect is developed 2. Storming- conflicts result as members jockey for leadership and influence 3. Norming- The group establishes its own set of norms 4. Performing- The supervisor maintains team spirit as the group accomplishes its objectives 5. Adjourning- Final stage is the termination of the group task
What are the six basic emotions our face can show?
1. Happiness 2. Sadness 3. Surprise 4. Fear 5. Anger 6. Disgust
What are the two benefits to including NIMS in all training evolution's and exercises?
1. Helps ensure safety and accountability 2. Acquaints participants with the system's operation.
What are the 5 steps to the Planning process
1. Identify the problem 2. Select the appropriate response 3. Design and determine the steps required to meet the selected goals or outcome 4. Implement the selected activity 5. Evaluate the effectiveness of the activities in meeting the goals -Evaluation may require the need for some changes in the activities, and when identified a NEW analysis is used to start a new cycle.
Underfloor air distribution systems (UFAD) pose a life safety risk for what 2 reasons?
1. If smoke develops under a floor, it will be distributed into the space at floor level 2. Water may enter the underfloor area and result in a short circuit that could cause a fire in the UFAD's electrical system.
What are the 4 most common forms of communication in the fire service?
1. Informal interpersonal 2. Oral 3. Written 4. Incident scene communication
Ethics Three Step Check
1. Is it legal 2. Is it fair to all concerned? 3. How will it make me feel about myself
Employers are required to ensure that all hazardous material containers are?
1. Labeled 2. Tagged or marked with the substance's ID along with the appropriate hazard warnings
What are the 5 general purposes for interpersonal communication?
1. Learning- acquire knowledge 2. Relating- for new relationships or maintain existing ones 3. Influencing- control, direct, pr manipulate 4. Playing- diversion and gain pleasure 5. Helping- attending to another persons needs
Prioritize occupancies to be surveyed based on what 3 factors?
1. Life safety risks 2. Property value at risk 3. Potential frequency and severity of fires or other emergencies occurring
What three sections can career or professional development be divided into?
1. Mastering and maintaining current knowledge, skills and abilities and acquiring new skills required for the current position 2. Preparing for promotion to the next rank or level of authority 3. Developing a long range plan for career advancement
What are the 2 exceptions to the common law implied permission rule?
1. Military emergency responders on a military base 2. Members of industrial fire brigades on company property.
What 4 places can you find FF injury and fatality data (USA)?
1. National institute for occupational safety and health (NIOSH) 2. Bureau of labor statistics (BLS) 3. US Fire administration (USFA) 4. National fire protection association (NFPA)
When dealing with photovoltaic Panels, AKA solar panels, Firefighters should never?
1. Never walk on them 2. Always wear full PPE and SCBA because they give off toxic vapors 3. Never wear jewelry that will conduct electricity 4. Consider them charged or Hot during daylight hours 5. Use insulated tools 6. May remain after regular power service has been shut off
What are the 3 types of speeches and presentations?
1. Persuasive 2. Informative 3. Instructional
Management functions (4)
1. Planning- Emcompasses the broadest view of the organization (creation of the mission statement and setting goals and objectives) and the narrowest (development of tactical plans for accomplishing specific goals) 2. Organizing- Coordinating tasks and resources to accomplish the units goals and objectives. 3. Directing- Guiding, influencing, insipring, and motivating employees to achieve the goals and objectives within a group. 4. Controlling- Establishing and implementing the mechanisms to ensure the objectives are attained. -Setting performance standards -Comparing actual performance with performance standards -Measuring and reporting actual performance.
The 4 step method of instruction
1. Preparation 2. Presentation 3. Application 4. Evaluation
The 4 Methods of training
1. Presentation 2. discussion 3. demonstration 4. Practical training evolutions
What 3 behavior issues can counseling be used to resolve?
1. Providing advice 2. Recommending career path choices 3. Providing professional development opportunities.
Practical training Evolutions (1 and 2)
1. Reinforce the skills learned during formal training sessions and help company personnel to learn to work together. 2. Operation of fire service training or suppression covering one or several aspects of fire fighting.
Three methods an employee should use to establish goals and objectives
1. Require the employee to accomplish a specific task 2. Delegate tasks 3. Use democratic leadership principles
What are the 4 reasons ppl break the rules
1. Resentment 2. boredom 3. Ignorance 4. Stress
What are the 9 steps to the speech presentation process
1. Select the topic 2. Determine the purpose 3. Generate ideas 4. Develop the central idea 5. Gather supporting evidence 6. Organize the speech 7. Rehearse the speech 8. Deliver the speech 9. Evaluate the speech.
Interpersonal communications consists of what 5 steps?
1. Sender- The Person initiates the message 2. Message- The content the sender is trying to communicate. 3. Receiver-Individual to whom the sender is attempting to communicate 4. Feedback to the sender- Reaction of the receiver to the message and its tone 5. Interference- Anything that may prevent the receiver from completely understanding the message.
What are 4 examples of a Complex Training Evolution?
1. Structure fire 2. Urban search and rescue incidents 3. Hazardous materials incidents 4. MCI's
What three conditions can the number of subordiantes be higher than 7 in reference to span of control.
1. Subordinates are within sight of the supervisor and able to communicate 2. Subordinates are performing the same or similar functions 3. Subordinates are skilled in performing the assigned task
What 3 qualities must a competent ignition source have?
1. Sufficient temperature to ignite the first material 2. Sufficient heat energy transfer to result in the ignition of the first material 3. Sufficient time to transfer the required heat to the first material.
What three places can be controlled by Fire and EMS personnel for safety?
1. The Organizations facilities 2. The stations 3. The apparatus
The work place for Fire and EMS personnel is generally divided into what three places?
1. The emergency scene 2. En route to and from the emergency scene 3. Facilities
Risk management (1 and 2)
1. The process of identifying and analyzing the exposure to hazards, selecting appropriate techniques to handle exposures, implementing chosen techniques, and monitoring the results of those techniques. 2. Analyzing exposure to hazards, implementing appropriate risk management techniques, and monitoring their results.
During an investigation, company officers should gather information from what 3 types of witnesses?
1. Those who discovered, reported or observed the fire conditions, prior to the fire 2. Emergency responders 3. Anyone else identified as having relevant information.
What are the four common elements of flashover?
1. Transition in fire development from growth to fully developed 2. Rapidity- flashover happens fast 3. Compartment- There must be an enclosed space 4. Ignition of all exposed surfaces
What are the first five steps of The operational planning "P" that focuses on the NIMS-ICS planning process?
1. Understanding the situation (size-up) 2. Establish incident objectives and strategies 3. Develop the incident action plan (IAP) 4. Prepare and disseminate the plan (Make assignments) 5. Evaluate and revise the plan
Which 2 places can you find FF injury and fatality data for Canada?
1. Workplace health and safety compensation commission (WHSCC) 2. Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS)
The majority of injuries occur during what type of activities? (2)
1.Fire attack 2. Search and rescue
4 stage development model for building an effective team. (****in' Stormin' Norman's Penis)
1.Forming- Employees are initially uncertain of their rolls in the group. Uncertain if they can trust/work with on another. As relationships grow, trust and respect develop and they see themselves as part of a group. 2. Storming- Conflict may result in this stage as members jockey for leadership and and attempt to exert their own influences over the group. the most critical aspect of successful team development is to reduce the amount of time the group spends in this phase. 3. Norming- establishes and adheres to its own set of norms and values. leader transitions to team member in this phase. 4. Performing- The supervisor works to maintain spirit as the group accomplishes its objective. 5. (Sometimes) Adjuringnbgcv- The planned termination of the group task.
All portable fire extinguishers must be installed and maintained according to NFPA______.
10
During normal fire conditions, the maximum survival time for civilians is
10 minutes
National Volunteer Fire Council's (NVFC) Rules of engagement for FF health
10 rules to encourage FF's to pursue healthier lifestyles.
How many "typical fire patterns" are there?
10 typical fire patterns
According to NFPA _______ all means of egress must be usable by a person with a severe mobility impairment
101
A fire suppression system that consists of closed sprinklers attached to a piping system that contains air under pressure and often installed in areas subject to freezing is?
A dry pipe system
IAFC Rules of engagement for FF survival
11 rules that provide guidance to FF's regarding risk and safety issues on the fire ground.
The majority of firefighter line-of-duty deaths occurs within how many minutes after arriving on scene?
12 minutes
Structure Fire Survivability, A majority of LODD occur within how long after arriving on scene?
12 minutes of arrival
What is a rough drawing of a building that is prepared during the facility survey?
A field sketch
The combination of carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide are commonly found at structural fires is toxic at
135PPM
In these types of groups, a leader is usually assigned or elected.
A formal group
IAFC IC's rules of engagement for FF safety
14 rules that provide guidance to the IC regarding risk and safety issues on the fire ground.
These usually define common goals in a written document?
A formal group
This is the last phase of juvenile fire setters and is the crisis phase, between __________ years, and usually involves the arrest and detention of the fire setter.
15 and 18 years
Structure Fire Survivability, How long and how many FF's does it take to rescue a single lost or downed FF?
16 FF's approximately 35 minutes
Counseling
A formal process which assists participants in identifying and resolving personal, behavioral, or career problems that are adversely affecting performance. -Should occur in private and a record kept of the session.
Canadian defense department oversees military and civilian fire and EMS orgs. operating in ______?______ installations in North america
35
The IBC designates five construction types with _____ subcategories for each type
2
According to the international building code classifications (IBC) type 3 requires exterior bearing walls to have a ______ resistive rating?
2 hour
It takes 16 firefighters approximately how long to rescue a lost or downed FF?
35 minutes
According to the NFPA, what is the upper human survivability temperature limit?
212 F (100 C)
Modern trusses are generally spaced how far apart?
24 inches and this space can contribute to early roof failure
The environment within a structural fire can exceed 500 degrees within how many minutes?
3 to 4 minutes
Extinguishers with a gross weight of greater than 40 lbs should be installed so that the top of the extinguisher is not more than
3 ½' above the floor
The clearance between the bottom of the extinguisher and the floor should never be less than?
4"
How many types of "Common fire paterns" are there?
5, V- shaped, U, shaped, Hourglass, Circular- shaped,and inverted cone
Stationary fire pumps are almost always electrically driven centrifugal pumps with a discharge capacity of ?
500-4500 gpm's
NFPA ______ and NFPA 1 further classify each individual occupancy according to the relative fire hazard of its contents.
5000
Probationary periods for officers usually last how long?
6-18 months
Most children under the age of _______years experiment with fire out of curiosity, usually resulting in accidental fires
7 years
Volunteer FF staff approxamately ___?_____ of fire and EMS orgs.
70%
AN average paragraph is how long?
75-125 words, equating a topic sentence and 4 or 5 supporting sentences.
Children between the ages of _________years, set the majority of fires as a result of psychosocial conflicts, such as revenge, anger, or need for attention.
8 and 13 years
Nonverbal communication percentages
93% is nonverbal 55% is body language 38% is vocal tone and inflection 7% is transmitted verbally
Groupthink
A pattern of thinking that includes self deception, peer pressure, and conformity to group ethics and values. Diversity in team members is the best tool to combat this problem.
According to the international building code classifications (IBC) Type VA construction requires?
A 1 hour fire-resistive rating for all structural elements
Supervisor
A person who is responsible for directing and the performance of other ppl or employees.
Leader
A person who leads or directs a unit
A Fire suppression system that consists of piping and open sprinklers is?
A Deluge system
This type of remote station system covers only one building
A Non-coded system
A ________ usually ends if it is determined that an accident or nature caused the incident, or if there was no loss of life or high content loss.
A fire investigation
Who is an individual who has demonstrated the skills and knowledge necessary to conduct, coordinate, and complete an investigation?
A fire investigator
This type of remote station is necessary in occupancies consisting of buildings at different locations, One of these can cover up to five buildings?
A coded system
What is an initial energy source that can produce enough heat and energy, over a long enough period of time to raise the temperature of the fuel to its ignition temperature?
A competent ignition source.
Grievance
A complaint against management by one or more personnel concerning an actual, alleged, or perceived injustice.
That is a specified number of personnel assembled for an assignment?
A crew
Procedure
A detailed plan of action that is similar to and closely related to a policy. These detail in writing the steps to follow in conducting organizational policy for some specific, recurring problem or situation.
What is designed as a collection of people who share certain traits, interact with one another, accept rights and obligations as members of the group and share a common identity?
A group
Policy
A guide to organizational decision making. Originate with top management and are disseminated to lower levels for implementation.
A tracking accountability system should be implemented to manage tasks, this system should include what 3 elements?
A procedure for checking in at the scene A Way of identifying the location of each unit and all personnel on scene A procedure for releasing units no longer needed.
Coaching
A process of giving motivational direction, positive reinforcement and constructive feedback to employees in order to maintain and improve their performance.
Memo
A quick and simple way of transmitting a message within an organization, describes what, where, when, why, who and how. -Generally sent digitally
Mobile data terminal (MDT)
A radio-operated data terminal that allows a tellecommunications center to transmit dispatch information, incident/patient status, confidential messages not appropriate for transmission over the air. (one way communication, dispatch to the terminal)
National FF Near-Miss Reporting system
A voluntary, confidential, non-punitive and secure reporting system with the goal of improving FF safety. Co-op between the IAFC and IAFF
County: Fire and emergency services organization (Public)
AKA: Parish - Political subdivision of a state, province, or territory for administrative purposes and public safety. -Becoming more common -Protect large areas of unincorporated land that contains large populations.
Single-use plans
Accomplish a specific objective, such as the development of a program, project, or budget. Intended to reach an objective within a short period of time.
Leadership traits: Initiative
Accomplishing goals and objectives with a minimum of supervision
Which of the following people is MOST likely to schedule the pre incident survey visit with the owner/occupant
Administrative staff or Battalion Chief may pre-schedule or officer may schedule
What are indicators of potential rapid fire development?
Air current changing direction Smoke rushing out Neutral plane lifting
What industry was CRM originated by before it was later adopted by other career fields including fire?
Air transportation
From its point of origin, a wildland fire burns outward in?
All directions
Whose responsibility is it to resolve all concerns, complaints, and inquires including those involving personnel acts or omissions?
All members of the organization
What must take place in order to authorize entry into private property at any reasonable hour to conduct fire and life safety inspections?
An ordinance that grants authority must be adopted by the local governing body.
Mobile Data Computer (MDC)
All the features of an MDT, with the addition of a keyboard that allows 2 way communication between the mobile units and dispatch.
If a student is having a problem with an existing skill?
Allow the student to problem solve and self correct their performance.
Rehabilitation (NFPA 1584)
Allowing FF's or rescuers to rest, rehydrate, and recover during an incident
The common, prevailing, and uncontrolled atmospheric weather conditions either inside or outside of a structure are called:
Ambient conditions
What is the direction, north, south, east, or west, that a slope faces?
An Aspect
360 degree feedback evaluation
An evaluation method that incorporates feedback from multiple sources such as the worker, hi/her peers, superiors, subordinates, and customers.
Manager
An individual who accomplishes organizational objectives effective and efficient handling of materials and human resources.
Leadership traits: Pro-activeness
Anticipating, embracing, and meeting challenges.
Public record
Any writing containing info relating to the conduct of gov't or the performance of any gov't or proprietary function prepared, used, or retained by any state or local agency regardless of form or characteristics
Accommodating method of resolving conflict
Appeasing other persons by passively giving in to their positions.
Which step in the four-step method of instruction generally includes providing opportunities for learning through activities, exercises, discussions, work groups, and skill practices?
Application
Which step in the four-step method of instruction provides opportunities for learning activities such as exercises, discussions, and practical training evolutions?
Application
Four Step Method of Instruction: Step 3
Application Provides opportunities for learning through practice activities, exercises, discussions, work groups, skills practice, and practical training evolutions.
Leadership traits: Integrity
Applying consistently a set of morals or values to the decision making progress.
Leadership traits: Consistency
Applying procedures, policies, rewards, and discipline evenly and fairly over time.
Which type of roof uses bowstring trusses as the main supporting members?
Arched
Leader, Supervisor, Manager and Unit member
Are all roles a CO must learn to play effectively and simultaneously.
Advantages of the SCALAR structure
Certain decision making authority is delegated to lower levels and communication is enhanced. Information is generally CENTRALIZED for decision making. Feedback transmitted from the BOTTOM up. Direct communicatiion to lower org levels allows for quicker actions and reactions
The command post visual aid tracking system may contain what?
Assigned radio frequencies Assigned units Activated ICS functions Site plan (staging areas, logistic location, control zones, rehab)
According to the international building code classifications (IBC) Type 4 structural members must have a minimum fire resistive rating off?
At least 1 hour.
Listening is an active process.
Attending- Focus on the speaker while ignoring distractions Understanding- Decoding the message and assigning meaning. Remembering- Retaining information in short term then long-term memory. Evaluating- Critically analyzing information to determine how accurate it is or to separate fact from fiction. Responding- Indicating to the sender that the message has been understood and requires no more explanation.
Document organization, the first step is to determine the
Audience, scope and purpose. The purpose is why the document is being written.
The Minimum temperature to which a fuel (other than a liquid) in the air must be heated in order to start self-sustained combustion, no external source is needed.
Autoignition temperature
Vents that work automatically and are placed at the highest point of a roof or wall to limit the spread of fire within a building are called
Automatic roof and wall vents
This system consists of a water source, distribution piping and one or more individual sprinklers?
Automatic sprinkler system.
What are the 3 most common type of fire extinguishing systems and equipment?
Automatic sprinkler systems, Special agent fixed fire extinguishing systems Portable fire extinguishers
These systems are used only in communities that have municipal alarm box systems
Auxiliary alarm systems
These types of alarms are used only in communities with municipal alarm box systems?
Auxiliary alarm systems
The post incident analysis (PIA) also motivates change in __________that may be outdated or ineffectual in meeting the current needs of the response area.
Changes in policies and procedures
Which factor can reduce the actual water supply available?
Changes in water demand
Strategic plan
Chart the course of the organization over an indefinite future that is divided into definite time components.
Halogenated agent systems are principally effective on which classes of fires?
Class B and Class C
When checking halogenated agent systems, company officers should check the agent storage tanks for ________ of agent.
Loss
Which hazard level is defined by contents such as fiberglass insulation or minerals that do not contain hydrocarbons?
Low hazard
This class of standpipe system is intended for fire fighting personnel who are trained in handling large hose lines (2 ½" hose) and DO NOT have permanently attached hoses or nozzles.
Class I
NFPA 14, the standard for the installation of standpipes and hose systems, classifies standpipes into how many classes?
Class I, II and III according to their intended use
This class of standpipe system are intended for building occupants who have no specialized fire training. These are usually equipped with a rack or reel of 1 1/2 " fire hose connected to a valve-controlled outlet, NOT intended for emergency responders.
Class II
This class of standpipe systems combine the features of both other classes and are intended for firefighter members, brigade members, and untrained occupants, the system permits the 2 ½" outlet and the 1 ½" hoseline to be used simultaneously.
Class III
What type of typical fire patterns are found on noncombustible surfaces where there has been direct contact with or intense radiant heat on the surface. The direct flame contact burns away any accumulated soot or smoke deposits on the surface, leaving demarcation lines?
Clean burn fire patterns
What document should be transmitted upon arrival at the emergency incident scene?
Condition or arrival report
A level 1 FO MAY?
Conduct the initial fire cause determination or investigation following a structure fire or supervise salvage and overhaul.
An instantaneous explosion or rapid burning of superheated gases that occurs when oxygen is introduced into an oxygen-depleted confined space is called:
Backdraft
When conducting an Accident Investigation, What information must the CO gather?
Basic info regarding the participants, and the event or incident, Environmental info and Apparatus/equipment info.
When does the size-up process actually begin?
Before an incident is reported
Leadership traits: Preparedness
Being ready for potential situations
Leadership traits: Personal security
Being secure in the leadership position
The physical flow or transfer of heat energy from one body to another through direct contact or an intervening medium is called:
Conduction
It is necessary to ________ a fire or hazard before it can be extinguished or eliminated
Confine
_____ is often present in fires involving materials like foam, synthetics, and plastics
Black smoke
Practical training evolution's should be practiced with?
Both minimum and maximum staffing.
A lightweight main supporting member noted by the curve at the top of the chord is called a:
Bowstring truss
A type of arched roof construction that uses light weight truss design noted by the bow shape or curve, of the top chord. The lower chord of the truss may covered with a ceiling to form an enclosed cockloft or roof space.
Bowstring truss
Which of the following would be the BEST source to consult in order to become familiar with the inspection requirements for the particular occupancy class or type?
Building and fire codes adopted by the jurisdiction
What are some factors that influences the availability and location of additional fuels?
Building configuration and construction materials Contents Proximity of the initial fire to exposed fuel sources
Non-profit Fire and EMS (Private)
Consists of both career and volunteer personnel. Funding may come from donations, fundraisers, subscription fees, contracts or grants.
Reports
Constitutes a significant amount of an officers writing. They must be Legible, Accurate, Complete and Objective.
What type of classifications are based upon materials used in construction and hourly fire-resistance ratings of structural components?
Construction
What court case defined "exigent circumstances?"
California supreme court case people V. Ramsey 1976
Which of the following BEST describes the U.S. and Canadian Safety Color Codes?
Can provide clues to the nature of hazardous materials in buildings and facilities
Direct orders (radio)
Can provide extra info, such as who is to carry out the task and why, how, when and where it must be done.
What is a major source for demographic data in Canada?
Canadian Census Bureau
Structure Fire Survivability, A combination of what 2 gases are commonly found at fire scenes and are toxic at what PPM?
Carbon monoxide (CO) and Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and deadly at 135 ppm
What is the leading cause of FF fatalities?
Cardiac arrest.
This system differs from a proprietary system in two ways, first, the receiving point is NOT on the protected premises and second, the owner does not employ the person receiving the alarm ?
Central station
Fire damage to combustible surfaces may only cause?
CHarring or discoloration
NFPA 1021 divides duties of a CO into 4 catagories
CO1 CO2 Chief officer 3 Chief officer 4
What is the process of directing an individual's skills performance, giving motivational correction, positive reinforcement, and constructive feedback to subordinates in order to maintain or improve performance?
Coaching
When the company officer or designated subordinate guides the individual through any new activities, reinforces correct behaviors, and redirects incorrect behaviors.
Coaching
Preindicent surveys are not intended to locate what violations?
Code violations
What is the primary concern for firefighter safety when fire has weakened its roof?
Collapse
Progress and justification (type of report narrative)
Combines the 2 forms into one. Provides justification for the project and, describes the steps to complete the project and includes justification for any changes in project development.
The act of directing, ordering, and/or controlling resources by virtue of explicit legal, agency, or delegated authority.
Command
These are sometimes a composite of individual perception of reality, responsibility, and integrity?
Common Values
What are the five essential characteristics a group may exhibit?
Common binding interest Group image/ identity Sense of continuity Shared values Roles within the group
The success of any fire and ems org is directly proprtional to?
Community involvement.
What are the basic skills able to be meet minimum requirements?
Competency
What may require a company officer to speak on a citizen's behalf to whomever is empowered to deal with the issue at hand?
Complaint resolutions
The transfer of heat by the movement of heated fluids and gases, usually in an upward direction is called
Convection
What level of discipline is applied when an employee repeats a violation for which preventative action was taken or commits a different violation, and is always done in writing?
Corrective Action
Guidance starts with a counseling session between the company officer and a new member of the unit. The officers expectations are stated positively and behavioral limitations are set.
Counseling
May also be used for discipline to determine the cause of inappropriate behavior, and establishes a means to correct it.
Counseling
Contingency Plan
Create alternative plans that can be implemented in the event of unforeseen events that make the original plan unsuitable.
A system that optimizes the utilization of all available resources, personnel, procedures, and equipment in order to promote safety and improve operational efficiency is known as:
Crew Resource Management (CRM)
The Company officer 2, must be able to locate, contact, deploy, and reassign the units assigned to the emergency scene. These action are accomplished through the ICS procedures that assign personnel or single resources to?
Crews
This motive is used as a tool to destroy evidence of another crime and is most generally associated with burglary, homicide, and embezzlement.
Crime concealment fires.
Evaluating (Listening component)
Critically analyzing info to determine how accurate it is, or separate facts from opinions.
What are the three main stages to the career planning process?
Current situation Intermediate objectives Final goal
During which activities do the majority of injuries among first responders occur?
Fire attack and search and rescue
Who is responsible for ensuring that buildings and facilities are inspected and is also responsible for potentially delegating the job to others?
Fire chief
Vehicles have ________ value. Do not unnecessarily loosen, move, or remove parts, components or switches.
Evidentiary value
EVENT (EMS Voluntary Event Notification Tool)
Designed to improve the safety, quality, and consistency of EMS. -Collects data from EMS providers to develop Policies, procedures and training to improve safety.
What are 4 examples of common binding interests?
Desire to serve the community Sense of professionalism Sense of adventure Affiliation with a high risk profession
Unsafe conditions
EXTERNALLY controlled and should be recognized and addressed appropriately.
What stage does a backdraft occur within?
Decay
Understanding (Listening component)
Decoding the message and assigning meaning to it.
Request for proposal (RFP)
Defines the needs of the organization and allows manufacturers or authorized distributors if they can meet bid specifications.
What is a disadvantage of automatic sprinkler dry-pipe systems?
Delays application of water onto a fire
Leadership traits: Self-assurance
Demonstrating self-confidence when making decisions.
What are the 4 steps in the formal coaching model
Describe the current performance level Describe the desired performance level Gain a commitment for change Follow up on that commitment
Description (type of report narrative)
Describes a process, project, or item that gives the audience a detailed image of the subject.
Fire district: Fire and emergency services organization (Public)
Designated geographical area where fire protection is provided usually through a supporting tax, or an area where fire prevention codes are enforced. - Operate under a board of trustees or Commissioners who represent the residents of the district. - Funding may come from district taxes or subscription fee, or may be taken from city, county, state/provincial taxes, special levies, or mill rates. -Established through a vote of the ppl living in the district, with board members and taxing being approved at the same time.
Once an emergency incident has been terminated, the company officer may still participate in what 2 important activities?
Determine the cause of the incident Prepare a post incident analysis (PIA)
Planning function
Determines in advance what an organization, a group, or an individual will do and how it will get done. -It is the foundation of the management process.
Leadership traits: Sense of priority
Determining an effective order of action to achieve a desired outcome
What are 3 examples of strategic level responsibilities?
Determining the appropriate strategy Setting of priorities Developing the IAP
What is used to maintain order through training and/or the threat or imposition of sanctions; setting and enforcing the limits or boundaries for expected performance?
Discipline
Automatic Aid
Dispatched WITHOUT request, Written agreement between 2 or more agencies to automatically dispatch predetermined resources to any fire or other emergency reported in the geographic area covered by the agreement. Usually located near jurisdictional boundaries or jurisdictional "Islands"
___________are the organizational level having responsibility for operations within a defined geographic area.
Division
The terms __________ are tactical level management components that assemble units and/or resources for a common purpose.
Divisions and groups
What are noncombustible barriers or dividers hung from the ceiling in large open areas that are designed to minimize the mushrooming effect of heat and smoke and impede the flow of heat?
Draft curtains, also known as curtain boards
Which of the following fire extinguishing systems is used MOST often where rapid extinguishment is required but reignition is unlikely?
Dry chemical systems
Dry-pipe, preaction and Deluge systems are all types of what?
Dry sprinkler systems
Personnel may be formally evaluated in what 4 situations?
During their probationary periods Annually as a performance review Promotional purposes Disciplinary purposes
____?__ is usually the most effective method for assisting employees with personal problems
EAP
What type of survey drawing shows side views of structures and depicts the number of floors in a building and the grades of surround ground?
Elevations
vocal interferences
Eliminate filler words such as "um, er, or like" and empty phrases such as "you know, things like that"
2 examples of mutual aid agreements are the ____?___ and ____?___ which provide a framework for responding to major disasters
Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC) Mutual Aid Box Alarm System (MABAS) Northern Illinois and southern Wisconsin
What should firefighters do if they become separated from one another during a fire incident?
Enter a room with a door and close it
What is another term for groups with positive self-images?
Espirit de Corps
Once size-up is completed, the IC determines the Incident priorities, selects an overall strategy and ?
Establishes tactics for meeting that strategy.
Organizational risk assessment
Evaluates risk and hazards that can affect the organization and provide control measures to reduce the frequency, severity, and probability of a negative event from occurring.
Four Step Method of Instruction: Step 4
Evaluation Measures how much students have learned through an oral, written, or practical examination or test.
All model grievance procedures contain the same 5 general elements
Filing period Testimony Witnesses Representation Review steps
This motive is categorized by people who want to have the private satisfaction of being the one who created a situation requiring the response of the fire service and law enforcement.
Excitement (vanity) fire setters
What are conditions that allow emergency responders and law enforcement officers to enter a structure without a warrant?
Exigent circumstances
Industrial Fire Brigades (Private)
Exists at many commercial facilities, such as oil refineries, chemical processing plants, marine ports, airports, etc. NFPA 600 and 1081
The need to limit a fire or other emergency to the property or area of origin where the emergency began is called
Exposures
After contacting the owners/occupants, company members can begin their surveys on the ________of the building.
Exterior
Which survey focuses on obtaining information to create a plot plan or compare observations to an existing plot plan?
Exterior
What term is used to describe the mitigation of a fire?
Extinguishment
This motive is identified by an individual or group of protesters that may target a government, an ethnic or religious group, or a facility that operates in opposition to their cause.
Extremism (terrorism) fires
At an emergency scene what is the preferred method of communication?
Face to face, However, effective scene communications usually require the use of radio or some other form of electronic communications.
What are Lloyd Laymans 5 considerations for analyzing any emergency scene?
Facts - Probabilities Own situation Decision Plan of operation
What action can impair or ruin an investigation?
Failure to secure a scene
A rough drawing of a building that is prepared during the facility survey is called a
Field sketch
What is described as the "visible or measurable physical effects that remain after a fire?
Fire patterns
Which of the following best describes Type I construction in the NFPA® 220 and the International Building Code® classifications?
Fire-resistive
Progressive discipline usually starts with training and/or education and may be used to correct _________ an employee fails to meet performance standards or violates the rules of conduct.
First instance
The stage of a fire at which all surfaces and objects within a space have been heated to their ignition temperature and flame breaks out almost at once over the surface of all objects in the space is called
Flashover
Which type of roof is commonly found on commercial, industrial, and apartment buildings and consists of wooden, concrete, or metal joists covered in sheathing?
Flat
What type of survey drawing shows the layout of individual floors, subfloors, and roofs?
Floor plans
Operational/Administrative plan
Focuses on how objectives will be accomplished. Are in the control of the organization.
Attending (Listening component)
Focuses on the speaker while ignoring any other distractions
Justification (type of report narrative)
Focuses on why a certain course of action was taken or should not be taken.
Performance evaluations may be?
Formal or informal Informal are written or oral, Formal are generally written and held on a specific schedule, annual, semi-annual or before a promotion USUALLY a Level 2 FO responsibility, but can be delegated to a level1
When Oxygen is available, fire development is controlled by the fuel's characteristics and configuration, and the fire is said to be ?
Fuel controlled
This represents the bulk of fuel available to burn and generally refers to a building's contents
Fuel load
What type of typical fire pattern occurs AFTER flashover or AFTER a fire has burned for long periods of time in which almost all vertical and horizontal surfaces in the compartment will show signs of damage.
Full-room involvement fire pattern
Municipal: Fire and emergency services organization (Public)
Functional division of the LOWEST level of LOCAL gov't -Reflects local gov't structure -size depends primarily on the size of the population and geographic area served -Budget is usually obtained through the collection of taxes or a subscription fee for fire and EMS.
What tool can be used to identify precise locations of key items of interest during a survey?
GPS
Leadership traits: Desire for professional success
Gaining additional responsibility and influence with the organization.
What are the 3 major tasks with any pre-incident plan
Gathering the data Entering the data Keeping the data current
Post-Incident analysis
General overview and critique of the incident by members of all responding agencies (including dispatchers) that should take place within TWO weeks of the actual incident.
Incident management personnel who represent the major functional sections
General staff
Outside Aid
Generally involves payment for services provided,
What is the difference between a smoke explosion and backdraft is that with a backdraft, the mixture of smoke and air is extremely rich, greater than _______however, a smoke explosion requires fuel and air within its flammable range.
Greater than 10 percent total hydrocarbons
This procedure needs to be effective, consistent, and provide an equitable resolution
Grievance procedure.
What is one of the greatest influences on the success of the group?
Group image
Establishing __________reduces the IC's span of control and makes it feasible to communicate with those supervisors rather than multiple individual company officers.
Groups and divisions
Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, and Iodine are chemical elements of what type of system?
Halogenated agent systems
What are the 2 most common Halons found in portable fire extinguishers?
Halon 1211 and 1301
what are some examples of halon replacement agent?
Halotron FM-200 Inergen
Leadership traits: Vision
Having a dream or concept of the way things can or should be.
The incident commander being relieved, must provide the on coming incident commander with a situation status report (incident briefing) which is the current status of the incident, what ICS form can help with this transfer?
ICS form 201 that documents the actions taken up to the transfer of command
What ICS form clearly stated the measurable objectives to be achieved in the specific time interval?
ICS form 202
What ICS form is a description of the ICS table organization, including the units and agencies involved?
ICS form 203
WHat IC form lists specific unit tactical assignments divided by branch, division and group?
ICS form 204
What ICS form lists the basic radio channel assignments for use during the incident?
ICS form 205
Damage to the______portion of the windshield, indicates directional fire spread from the engine to the passenger compartment.
Lower portion portion of the windshield
Which hazard level is defined by contents that are likely to burn with extreme rapidity or from which explosions are likely?
High hazard
Preventive discipline
Hold an individual counseling interview to correct the inappropriate behavior as soon as it is discovered and prevent it from becoming a pattern or progress to a more serious offense. -Document talking to the employee
Title 7 of the civil rights act of 1964
Hostile work environment and occurs when discriminatory conduct or behavior in the work place is unwelcome and offensive to an employee or group of employees.
What type of typical fire pattern is created as radiant heat forms in the hot gas layer during a fire BEFORE flashover and these patterns are found when the fire is extinguished BEFORE the fire has reached flashover?
Hot-gas layer fire pattern
Which of the following factors is MOST likely to be an indication of how owners/occupants feel about a safe work environment?
Housekeeping
Fire/EMS safety, Health, and Survival week
IAFC and IAFF sponsored event, more than 20 fire service organizations coordinate this event.
Upon arrival on scene, a CO must develop and initiate an
IAP, ISP, establish ICS and MAY conduct a PIA for incidents invilving a single unit.
Who is responsible for collecting safety-related information for a post incident analysis?
Incident Safety Officer
What ICS form provides information on the location and staffing if the incident medical aid station, types of ambulance resources available, the location of on-site ambulances, and the contact information for hospitals that are available to the IC?
ICS form 206
Each company officer level 2 should be trained in ICS levels, _________ as a minimum?
ICS level 200 and 300
Unsafe acts
INTERNAL factors that the CO or a member of the crew performs
What is the Mechanism or initial energy source employed to initiate combustion, such as a spark that provides a means for the initiation of self-sustained combustion.
Ignition source.
When learning a new skill what should the CO do if they performance weakness or errors?
Immediately stop and correct the errors
Supervision
Includes the process of directing, overseeing, and controlling the activities of other individuals. -Anyone who is responsible for the activites of one or more subordinates. NFPA 1021 stated FO 1-4 are all considered supervisory personnel.
Preparation (4 step method of instruction)
Introduces the topic, gains students attention, stated learning objectives, identifies how the student will be evaluated. Also includes the Self-preparation an instructor or CO takes before beginning the lesson such as -Reviewing the lesson plan -Gathering additional info -Assembling Audio visual training aids and props - Practicing the skills that will be taught.
Parts of a document
Introduction Body Conclusion
Transferring of command should be done?
In person at the command post if possible.
A written or unwritten plan for the disposition of an incident that contains strategic goals, tactical objectives and support requirements for a given operational period is called a
Incident Action Plan (IAP)
Responding (listening component)
Indicating to the sender that the message or info has been understood or requires more explanation.
he Standard: NFPA 1581 governs what type of program within the fire department?
Infection control
In what kind of group does a natural or indigenous leader emerge, regardless of whether any formal selection process is used?
Informal group
firefighterCloseCalls.com
Initially an email group
Which of following is created through documentation for every occupancy that the organization inspects?
Inspection history
Training is?
Instruction that emphasizes Job-specific learning objectives and traditional skills-based teaching.
Education is?
Instruction that emphasizes knowledge-based learning objectives that are not tied to a specific job.
What are the 3 command options an IC can make?
Investigation- may not have visible indicators Fast attack option- should not last more than a few minutes Command-post option- Large complex or rapidly evolving incidents requiring immediate strong, direct, overall command.
Complex training evolutions
Involve multiple units, agencies, or juristictions in scenarios that require high levels of cooperation and coordination.
Sexual harassment
Involves BOTH hostile work environments and attempts by supervisors to use their powers to gain sexual favors from employees.
Simple training evolution
Involves small groups performing a SINGLE task that requires only a few skills. The CO should explain the learning objectives, demonstrate the evolution, relate it to the classroom presentation and make safety a top priority ex. lifting ground ladders, S&R techniques, taking vitals,
What type of typical fire pattern has no common shape because the fire followed the path of available fuels?
Irregular patterns on floors
Listening skills
Is an active process the includes attending, to understanding, remembering, evaluating, and responding to the speaker.
This type of construction, plywood panels (called panelized roofing) are supported by purlins between laminated wooden beams or gusseted wooden trusses that span from outside wall to outside wall is called
Lightweight construction
What is a program in which an individual can learn a particular skill set by following an active practitioner in the field or to help unit personnel experience different positions within an organization?
Job shadowing
What is the first step in preparing for a demonstration?
Knowing clearly what is to be demonstrated and its learning objective
A CO must possess this (KSA)
Knowledge, skills and abilities
A trussless arched roof that is composed of relatively short timbers of uniform length is called a?
Lamella roof
CO may report to either
Line or staff personnel depending on what duties the the CO is performing at the time.
Challenges a new co will encounter consists of learning and apply concepts, such as (5)?
Leadership, to ensure unit safety, effectively and efficently. Ethics, become a role model Supervision, CO level supervision may be the most difficult Responsibility, for own actions and crew Authority, applies it in a fair and equitable manner.
If the area of origin is not readily apparent, the company officer should use a methodology that typically involves working from the_______damaged area to the_____ damaged area.
Least damaged area to the most damaged area.
Repeaters can help over come what kind of communication problem?
Line-of-sight
Incident priorities are always considered in the following order
Life safety, incident stabilization, property conservation
Transmit an alarm signal only on the premises where they are installed, DO NOT transmit a signal to the fire and emergency services.
Local alarm system
The most common type of dry chemical system, They discharge the agent directly onto a small area.
Local application
What is the most common type of dry chemical system?
Local application
What are the two main types of dry chemical systems?
Local application Total flooding
What dictates the form and content of a written report?
Local policy
Each division or group supervisor must maintain communication with assigned units to control both their?
Location and function
Evaluation (4 step method of instruction)
Measures how much a student has learned through a written, oral, or practical exam or test. The purpose is to determine whether or not students achieved the lesson objectives.
What is it called when a subordinate is placed under the guidance of a more experienced professional, who acts as a tutor, guide, and motivator, either formally or informally?
Mentoring
When a supervisor or other superior acts as an advisor or guide to the member
Mentoring.
These describe general fire and life safety requirement that apply to all occupancies and detail exactly what is required for various processes in many different occupancy types?
Model codes
If an organization does not have a rehab procedure in place, which NFPA standard should be used as a guide when developing a departmental policy and procedures?
NFPA 1584
Standards for pre-incident planning
NFPA 1620
What requirements must fire detection and signaling systems meet?
NFPA 72
Which two major organizations develop the most used building codes?
NFPA and ICC
Which of the following NFPA® standards provides guidelines for design and installation of smoke and heat venting equipment?
NFPA® 204
These release heat and smoke to the outside from square or rectangular structures that penetrate a buildings roof. They have at least 2 opposite side hinged at the bottom and held closed at the top with a fusible link that allows gravity to open them in case of a fire.
Monitors
Mobile radios
Mounted in emergency vehicles.
What is an additional alarm, such as second, or third, that is a call for additional assistance or response?
Multiple alarm
Fire and emergency services organizations: PUBLIC
Municipal County Fire district state/Provincial Federal Tribal
WHat is the N.F.P.A. standard on fire department infection control programs?
N.F.P.A. 1581
What is the N.F.P.A. standard on the rehabilitation process for members during emergency operations and training exercises?
N.F.P.A. 1584
What is the N.F.P.A. number for the guide for fire and explosion investigation?
N.F.P.A. 921
The IAFC professional Development model designates 4 levels of FO and vary slightly from what NFPA Model?
NFPA 1021 Level 1- Supervising FO (all COs) Level 2- Managing FO (BC's, district and assistant Chiefs) Level 3- Administrative FO (Administrative chiefs) Level 4- Executive FO (chief of the Dept)
Water supply quantities must be calculated based on what NFPA standard?
NFPA 1142
Which NFPA standards must be adhered to during live-burn training exercises?
NFPA 1500 and 1403
According to the international building code classifications (IBC) Type 2 construction consists of?
Non Combustible materials but with a reduced fire resistive rating when compared to type 1 as a 1 hour building with bearing walls and floors must have a 1 hour fire resistive rating.
Any fatalities or injuries that occur while workers are performing administrative duties, training, code enforcement and inspection, maintenance, and other non-incident-related situations is called:
Non Emergency casualties
According to the international building code classifications (IBC) Type VB may have?
Non-fire rated structural elements
EMS Safety foundation
Non-profit, promotes safety innovation, collaboration, research, knowledge transfer, education and safety information dissemination.
According to the international building code classifications (IBC) Type 1 consists off?
Noncombustible materials
Community risk assessment
Not a direct function of the CO, the info from this process will provide the CO with known risks in the community that responders may be exposed to.
Skip Level Notification
Notifying one's supervisor that one wishes to take an issue to the supervisor's supervisor.
The company officer prioritizes the the exact implementation of the initial action plan by?
Number and availability of resources
Span of Control
Number of subordinates and/or number of functions that one individual can effectively supervise. -3 to 7 subordinates or functions. -NIMS-ICS suggests 5 is the optimum number
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.134
OSHAs Respiratory protection standard
Personnel evaluations must be TImely, Stated clearly (goals and objectives), Non-discriminatory, consistent, documented, conducted by a trained supervisor and?
Objective
Which of the following should be considered while en route to an incident?
Observe the amount, color, and movement of smoke the fire is producing Be aware of the resources responding or that may be needed Consider every structure to be occupied until determined otherwise
The classifications given to structures by the model building code used in that jurisdiction based on the intended use of the structure are called
Occupancy classifications
Unfavorable work environment
Occurs when employees in a workplace are subject to a pattern of offensive conduct or behaviors such as harassment or hazing.
Assertive conflict management style
Occurs when ppl express their emotions honestly and defend their rights without hurting others. The goal are communication and mutual respect, fair play, and compromise between the rights and needs of the 2 parties involved.
Aggressive conflict management style
Occurs when ppl express their emotions openly and use threatening behaviors towards ppl or objects. The goal is to dominate the situation or other person and "win" which forces the other person to "lose"
What 2 operational modes can an IC decide?
Offensive mode Defensive mode
The basic structure for an initial response involving a _____ number of units requires only 2 levels of the ICS command structure. In this situation the IC handles both the strategic and tactical levels.
On a Small number of units
Each incident should have only _______ incident commander, including when a unified command is appropriate.
One
Proper maintenance
One of the best methods for providing a safe workplace
Forcing method of resolving conflict
Relying on an aggressive and uncooperative approach to conflict management, resulting in a win loose situation.
Tactical level supervisors are responsible for supervising?
Operational activities toward specific objectives Grouped resources Operations in specific geographic areas or functions
Which hazard level is defined by contents that are likely to give off a considerable volume of smoke and may include paper cardboard, or textiles?
Ordinary hazard
What determines the transfer of the command process when it needs to occur during an incident?
Organizational policies
chain of command
Path of responsibility from the top to the bottom, everyone is still responsible to the chief indirectly through the chain.
What is is called when a more experienced member is assigned to work with a new member?
Peer assistance
In reference to exigent circumstances, one of what three circumstances must be present?
People may be in imminent danger Evidence may face imminent destruction A suspect may escape
Standing plan
Policies, procedures and rules that are frequently used to manage day-to-day emergency and nonemergency activities.
What level of discipline is used to attempt to correct the inappropriate behavior as soon as it is discovered and prevent it from becoming a pattern or progressing to a more serious offense?
Preventative action (Oral reprimand) and it should start with an individual counseling interview
What are the 3 levels of progressive discipline?
Preventive Corrective action Punitive action
What are the 3 levels of progressive discipline?
Preventive action (oral reprimand) COrrective action (written reprimand) Punitive action
The moment when a mixture of fuel and oxygen encounters an external heat source with sufficient heat energy to start the combustion reaction is called
Piloted ignition
What type of roof has a peak along the edge or in the center and a deck that slopes downward from the peak?
Pitched
Which type of building or facility may require more frequent inspections?
Places of public assembly
As an incident progresses, a company officer level 2 must also track the resources on the scene, consider personnel accountability, and ?
Plan the release of those resources once the incident has mitigated.
Leadership traits: Supervisory ability
Planning, organizing, directing, and controlling in order to coordinate the efforts of the unit to accomplish objectives.
An architectural drawing showing the overall project layout of building areas with views from directly above is called a:
Plot plan
IF possible the CO should obtain a copy of the facility _______from the owners or the building code department
Plot plan
What are the 3 general types of facility survey drawings used to show building information?
Plot plans- indicate how buildings are situated in relation to other buildings Floor plans- show the layout of individual floors, subfloors, and roofs Elevation - Side views that depict the number of floors in a building and the grades around them
What type of typical fire patterns created as a result the plume of hot gases rising above an individual?
Plume generated fire pattern
What type of typical fire pattern is created when structural components such as wood studs or trim are exposed to flame?
Pointers or arrow fire patterns
What tool will permit the company officer's involvement in the attack without neglecting command responsibilities when fast intervention is critical?
Portable radio
What are the 2 types of basic discipline?
Positive and negative
Effective feedback needs to be
Positive, immediate, direct and frequent.
What 4 things does feedback need to be?
Positive, immediate, direct, and frequent
This is used to acknowledge any weakness and applaud strengths that were evident in the analysis. Safety issues are highlighted as well as strategic and tactical concerns.
Post incident Critique and should happen within a week.
N.F.P.A. requires the company officer 2 to develop and conduct a ______for all multi-unit incidents.
Post incident analysis.
A general overview and critique of an incident by members of all responding agencies (including dispatchers) that should take place within two weeks of the actual incident is called:
Post-incident analysis
What activity is conducted at the company level to reinforce the skills learned during formal training sessions and to help company personnel learn to work together?
Practical training evolution
Total flooding CO2 systems must have a ____ alarm to warm room occupants of an impending discharge so they can immediately leave.
Pre-discharge alarm
What is the process of gathering and evaluating information, developing initial actions based on that on that information, and ensuring that the information remains currant?
Pre-incident planning
A fire suppression system that consists of closed sprinkler heads attached to a piping system that contains air under pressure AND a secondary detection system, both most operate before the extinguishing agent can be released into the system.
Preaction system
Major factor in a successful life safety inspection is?
Preparation
What is the first step in the four-step method of instruction?
Preparation
What step in the four-step method of instruction includes assembling audiovisual training aids and props?
Preparation
Which step in the four-step method of instruction generally includes introducing the topic, gaining students' attention, and identifying how students will be evaluated?
Preparation
Four Step Method of Instruction: Step 1:
Preparation- Includes the topic, gains the students attention, states learning objectives and identifies how students will be evaluated. Instructor Preparation includes: Reviewing lesson plans Gathering additional information Assembling the a/v training aids and props Practicing the skills that will be taught
Poise, in ref to nonverbal communication
Present an image of self-confidence and authority through nonverbal elements such as good posture and a sense of calm.
Which step in the four-step method of instruction generally includes the information being taught using an orderly, sequential outline?
Presentation
Four Step Method of Instruction: Step 2
Presentation- Present the information being taught using an orderly, sequential outline. General presentation choices are: Lecture Illustrated Lecture Discussion Demonstration Learning activities like role playing.
Presentation (4 step method of instruction)
Presents the info to be taught using an orderly, sequential outline. Presentation choices are - Lecture - Illustrated lecture - Discussion - Demonstration - Learning activities such as role-playing
Functional supervision
Principal that allows workers to report to more than one supervisor - Useful when the distinction between line and staff functions become blurred. -BOTH supervisors must communicate and coordinate.
For-Profit Fire and EMS (Private)
Private sector is delivering more and more services that were once considered gov't function
Ensuring that fire and life safety code requirements are adhered to within public facilities is a?
Proactive loss-control approach
Reducing losses that hazardous conditions cause requires both a _________ and ________ approach.
Proactive, reactive
What is a Higher level of skill performance that is the result of additional practice and experience?
Proficiency
This motive is identified by the desire for monetary gain and total destruction of the property is the ultimate goal.
Profit (fraud) fires
Roof or subfloor systems that open web trusses support are?
Prone to sudden and unexpected collapse if the unsupported bottom chord is subjected to downward force.
What is one of the best methods for providing a safe workplace. (Annual facility inspections).
Proper maintenance
Which of the following systems is MOST likely to be used to protect commonly owned buildings in a single location such as a college campus or industrial complex?
Proprietary systems
These are undamaged surfaces within an otherwise fire damaged area.
Protected areas (This is still a fire pattern)
One of an officers roles is to make the best possible use of available resources which involves,
Protecting personnel and equipment Conserving materials and supplies Planning for the most cost-effective and efficient use of resources.
Life safety information is collected in what 2 basic ways?
Protection and Evacuation
Progress (type of report narrative)
Provides an overview of a current status of a project.
Application (4 step method of instruction)
Provides opportunities for learning through activities, exercises, discussions, work groups, skills practice, and practical training evolution's, and similar training activities. The Purpose is the reinforce the student's learning. Most learning takes place in this step making it critically important.
Leadership traits: Empowerment
Providing support for others to succeed in accomplishing organizational and personal goals.
'Start tight, then go light"
Pulling rank should be a last resort.
This level of discipline is used when an employee continues to exhibit inappropriate behavior despite earlier corrective efforts or commits a very serious violation of organizational rules as a first offense?
Punitive action
What are horizontal members between trusses that support the roof?
Purlins
Thermal or chemical decomposition of fuel (matter) because of heat, generally resulting in the lowered ignition temperature of the material is called:
Pyrolysis
What is a psychological disorder in which the sufferer has an uncontrollable impulse to set fires, wither to relieve tension or produce a feeling of euphoria?
Pyromania
________ Shows movement on the vehicles body panels, such as the hood, fenders, roof, and truck and may appear as "ripples" extending from a particular compartment as the fire progresses across the vehicle body panels.
Radial fire patterns
Transmission or transfer of heat energy from one body to another body at a lower temperature through intervening space by electromagnetic waves is called:
Radiation
Negotiating method of resolving conflict
Reaching a compromise solution that all parties can agree on. The supervisor is moderately aggressive and assertive.
If the subject being interviewed, or about to be interviewed, is a suspect of a fire-related crime, the company officer should have an agency authorized fire investigator or police officer conduct what?
Read the interviewee their Miranda rights
Effective extinguisher use requires that they be
Readily visible and accessible
Upon arrival, the company officer must explain the following to the business contact:
Reason for the visit and purposes of the inspection How the inspection will be conducted Possible outcomes of the inspection
In reference to proprietary systems, each building on the premises is protected by a separate system connected to a common _____ somewhere on the premises.
Receiving point
What is the best information source about a particular occupancy?
Records of previous inspections
NFPA 704 numerical ratings zero to four, four is the highest
Red: flammability Blue: Health Yellow: Instability White with a line through a W is no water
Line staff personnel
Refers to an org concept that separates fire and EMS personnel into TWO distinct groups. (Line personnel and shift personnel)
Authority (decision making authority)
Refers to the legal ability of an individual to make and implement decisions for which the individual is held accountable.
These systems are also connected directly to the fire and emergency service communication center, usually over a leased telephone line rather than a municipal fire alarm box circuit.
Remote station systems
The Most common misuses of radio terminology is ?
Resource identification.
A CO must be able to quickly and effectively allocate their?
Resources to gain control on an incident.
Remembering (Listening component)
Retaining info in short term and then long term memory.
This motive is identified by fires set because of personal or professional vendettas, and are the largest category of arson fires and account for 50% of total arsons
Revenge fires
Which of the following should occur when conducting a closing interview after the inspection has found violations that are immediate threats to life safety?
Review, discuss, and correct violations before leaving
Which component of an organizational risk management plan is defined by control measures being identified for each significant risk?
Risk control techniques
Which component of an organizational risk management plan is defined by risks being evaluated on their probability?
Risk evaluation
Officers and responders alike are guided in performing their duties by what others expect of them, what is this called?
Role expectation.
Rules and Regs Vs. SOP/SOGs
Rules and Regulations are generally written to preclude(NOT ALLOW) deviation from the standard being set. SOPs/SOGs are usually written TO ALLOW deviation based upon conditions found at an incident.
What type of typical fire pattern creates a saddle-shaped fire pattern that is the result of fire burning downward through the floor surface above the joist?
Saddle burns
The act of controlling the environment in which responders must work and bystanders or victims are present that is essential to ensuring the life safety of responders, victims, and bystanders is:
Scene control
Organizational level having responsibility for a major functional area of an incident management are?
Sections, example Operations, planning, logistics, finance and information
When unburned fuel gases come in contact with an ignition source, what occurs?
Smoke explosion
While a facility survey is not a code enforcement inspection, any______ found will have to me corrected immediately
Serious fire or life safety hazards
Collaborating method of resolving conflict
Sharing of info openly and honestly, which usually results in the best solution to the conflict (also referred to as the problem solving style). This style is focused on the best interests of the organization, community, or service area.
Type V construction are typically wood-frame free standing structures up to how many stories?
Six-stories
The examination of a structure fire should start with an examination of the entire incident scene in order to determine its
Size and scope
What is the first step in the rules of engagement for both firefighters and incident commanders?
Size-up the incident or area
The leading injuries among Fire and EMS personnel are?
Sprains and strains
NFPA 1021
Standard for FO Professional qualifiicationsfor a FO level 1.
NFPA 1021
Standard for FO professional qualifications requires all Fire Officer 1 candidates to complete Instructor 1 training.
NFPA 1041
Standard for fire service instructor professional qualifications
NFPA 1201
Standard for providing fire and emergency service to the public. States the origination must evaluate the effectiveness of its training programs.
NFPA 20 is the___ and requires these pumps to be run at least____ per week?
Standard for the installation of stationary pumps for fire protection 30 minutes
NFPA 17A?
Standard for wet chemical extinguishing systems
NFPA 1852
Standard on selection, care, and maintenance of Open-circuit SCBA's
NFPA 204
Standards for smoke and heat venting
NFPA 1581
Standards on FD Infection control program
NFPA 1500
Standards on FD Occupational Health and safety program
NFPA 1521
Standards on FD Safety officer
NFPA 1584
Standards on Rehabilitation process for members during emergency operations and training exercises
NFPA 1582
Standards on comprehensive occupational medical program for FDs
NFPA 1561
Standards on emergency service ICS
Plans are generally classified as based on the frequency on which they are used and have two categories.
Standing plans and single use plans
Progressive discipline
Starts with training/education to correct the FIRST instance that an employee fails to meet performance standards.
unity of command
States that each subordinate must have only ONE supervisor. --UOC Depends on the use of the chain of command and functional supervision.
Recommendation (type of report narrative)
States the problem, provide a variety of solutions, and then recommends the best solution based on the available criteria.
Which of the following are used to increase the pressure in the fire protection system when needed in occupancies where it is impractical or impossible to maintain water storage for fire protection?
Stationary fire pumps
Program (or project) evaluation and review technique (PERT) chart
Statistical tool used in project management that is designed to analyze and represent the tasks involved in completing a given project.
Speech and Presentation Preparation Process:
Step 1- Select the topic Step 2 - Determine the purpose. Step 3- Generate ideas. Step 4- Develop the central idea. Step 5- Gather supporting evidence. Step 6 Organize the speech Step 7 Rehearse the speech Step 8 Deliver the speech Step 9 Evaluate the speech
What are the 3 ways a portable fire extinguisher can expel its extinguishing agent?
Stored pressure Cartridge- operated Pump- operated
The overall plans for controlling an incident are called?
Strategic goals, ex. Life safety, incident stabilization, and property conservation
The post incident analysis (PIA), evaluation (PIE), or review (PIR), determines the ___________ of the organization's response to an emergency.
Strengths and weaknesses
"No Mans Land"
Term given to an area that lies outside the taxpayer supported or funded jurisdiction, generally rural or sparsely populated, or may be too far from proper fire protection. Citizens in this area my not want to pay taxes, gambling "this will never happen to them"
State/Provential: Fire and emergency services organization (Public)
Territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation whose rights are defined by a constitution. -May provide emergency or Non emergency response. -Fire suppression companies are organized for Forrest, wild-land and urban-interface fires.
It is the responsibility of who to implement policies and procedures and report the need for any maintenance or the replacement of unsafe equipment?
The CO
Fire and emergency services higher education Model curriculum (FESHE)
The U.S. Fire administration/National fire academy (USFA/NFA) working in conjunction with universities, created this model curriculum to help develop college level programs for the fire and emergency services.
The success of the preincident planning process depends upon which of the following?
The ability of the company to conduct adequate preincident surveys Company officer's ability to process information Company officer's completion of accurately written reports
Command Presence
The ability to identify the components of a situation, assess the need for action, determine the nature of the necessary intervention, initiate action, and be perceived as having the ability to take action.
Demonstration (Method of training)
The act of showing how to do something or how something operates and is the basic means for teaching manipulative (Psychomotor) skills, physical principles, and mechanical functions. ex. operation of tools, equipment, apparatus, etc.
Management
The administration and control of projects, programs, situations or organizations. Level 2 FO's are usually assigned management duties
The goal of analyzing fire patterns is to determine the fire spread from?
The area of origin
________ is the area where the ignition source and materials first ignited and actually came together.
The area of origin.
The Overhaul process should be delayed until ________ Has been determined and any evidence protected.
The cause of the fire
What is the process used to record the history of a piece of evidence?
The chain of custody
What factor determines when or if ventilation is used?
The point to which a fire has progressed
The ______is the foundation for strengthening the emergency response activities of the organization.
The post incident analysis (PIA)
This is a complication of all factual data obtained from key positions to include statements and communication tapes.
The post incident analysis (PIA)
The interior of a vehicle fire can be further divided into what 3 areas?
The engine compartment The cargo compartment The passenger compartment
What 4 pieces of information must be recorded on all evidence to maintain the proper chain of custody?
The evidence location The name of the party discovering the item' Where the item was discovered The time and date of acquisition.
During a basement fire size up, always consider the fire location and amount of ventilation, as floor collapse always started above the fire and ______the ventilation the sooner a collapse occurred.
The greater
Who should conduct the PIA?
The incident commander or a designated incident staff member(s)
Personal justification for unethical behavior
The individual accepts the benefits of unethical conduct and justifies them internally
OPERATIONAL risk management process (5 steps)
The maximization of health and safety is directly related to plicies and procedures. Maintain a continuous loop in order to evaluate the most current risks 1. Situational awareness 2. Hazard assessment 3. Hazard control 4. Decision making point 5. Evaluate
Identification of this, may provide assistance in the identification of the party responsible for setting the fire.
The motives
The post incident analysis should focus on what 3 elements?
The participants activities The incident elements The decisions made with the intention of controlling the incident.
Managing
The process of controlling or directing available resources for the purpose of achieving a goal or objective through the use of authority or persuasion.
Sidestepping
The process of going around a link in the chain of command to deal with an issue. Can be destructive to the organizational unity and cohesiveness.
The number of radio frequencies needed on an incident depends on what?
The resources involved and size of the incident command function.
The scene of a vehicle fire can be divided into what 3 areas?
The scene around the vehicle The exterior of the vehicle The interior of the vehicle
Tribal: Fire and emergency services organization (Public)
These gov'ts have sovereignty over their designated lands in accordance with agreements with the US and Canadian federal gov't - There are 562 FEDERALLY recognized tribal gov'ts -There are 633 in Canada
Why are smoke explosions violent?
They involve premixed fuel and oxygen
What building feature introduces thermostatically controlled air into the space through openings in the floor?
Underfloor air distribution systems
Line personnel
Those who deliver services to the public or EXTERNAL customers
Staff personnel
Those who provide support the line personnel or INTERNAL customers.
Private: Fire and emergency services organization
Three tpyes -Industrial fire brigades -For-profit fire and EMS -Non-profit fire and EMS
The standard mounting height for a portable fire extinguisher with a gross weight not exceeding 40 pounds (18 kg) is
Top not more than 5 feet (1.5 m) above floor.
Damage to the _________portion of the windshield may indicate that the fire spread from the passenger compartment to the engine compartment.
Top section of the windshield
These chemical systems are installed in areas, such as spray booths, where a heavy cloud of agent is needed to fill the entire space when discharged.
Total flooding systems
Discipline
Training that corrects. Thus, the main purpose of discipline is to educate and should be imposed to correct INAPPROPRIATE behavior and NOT to punish. -All discipline should start with the gathering of information.
Which of the following public fire alarm systems are necessary in jurisdictions with a large call volume to prevent being inundated by fire calls?
Type A (manual retransmission)
In this type of alarm box radio transmitter, the alarms received from the streetbox are automatically retransmitted to all fire stations within the jurisdiction
Type B system (automatic retransmission)
Which of the following construction NFPA® 220 construction types is referred to as non-combustible or noncombustible/limited combustible?
Type II
what system is a recent advance in HVAC design that introduces thermostatically controlled air into the space through openings in the floor?
Underfloor air distribution systems (UFAD)
When an incident involves or threatens to involve more than one jurisdiction or agency, what type of command structure is necessary?
Unified
NFPA 1 is
Uniform fire code
A lack of understanding of community diversity can create which of the following challengers?
Us-them mentality
Mentoring
Used to better prepare individuals for their roles and responsibilities within the organization under the direction of a positive role model. -Should be voluntary
Punitive action
Used when an employee either continues to exhibit inappropriate behavior despite earlier corrective efforts, or commits a very serious violation of organizational rules as a first offense
Corrective action
Used when an employee repeats a violation for which preventive action was taken, commits a different violation, or commits a serious violation as a first offense. - Always done in writing.
Leadership traits: Intelligence
Using logic and reason in making decisions
The _____ of the organization usually are reflected in the attitudes and actions of individuals and groups within the organization.
Values
This motive is identified by fires that are usually set by 2 or more people (often juveniles)
Vandalism fires
How long can it take the environment within a structure fire to create the potential for a flashover?
Within 5 minutes
Leadership traits: Industriousness
Working hard to fulfill duities
Leadership traits: Interpersonal skills
Working successfully with others to accomplish tasks
The size, number and locations of openings as well as the velocity of the air being exchanged influence what?
Ventilation
As a fire develops within a compartment, it reaches a point where further development is limited by the available oxygen supply and the fire is then?
Ventilation controlled
Most fires that grow past the incipient stage becomes ______controlled?
Ventilation controlled
What type of typical fire pattern is created when ventilation is introduced to the fire, and can vary widely?
Ventilation- generated fire pattern.
What provides the company officer with condition indicators upon which to make the initial report and base initial decisions upon, such as the presence of multiple unconscious victims?
Visual clues
Determining the availability and reliability of_________is critical to the development of any pre-incident plan.
Water supplies
These must appear on all controlled products that the employer produced in a workplace or transferred to another container?
Workplace labels
When using private property for training what should you have?
Written permission
These systems are designed to be installed in commercial range hoods, plenums, and ducts. They use an agent that is typically a mixture of water and either potassium carbonate or potassium acetate, and are well suited for cooking oil-related applications. The agent is K-rated.
Wet chemical systems
Memo is a quick and simple way of transmitting a message within an organization. The majority of memos give the following six pieces of information:
Who What When Where Why How
Written communication must be?
accurate, concise, and professional in appearance
Under common law and most statutory law, the existence of an emergency:
constitutes implied permission to enter private property
Knowledge of ___________ and _________ will be essential to determining fuel loads
construction, occupancy types
The purpose of a(an) ___ is to increase the capability of providing detailed information to occupants and/or emergency responders who are on the premises.
emergency voice/alarm communications system
Company officers receiving a complaint regarding _____ must know and follow the organization's policy to the letter.
employee acts or omissions
The OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) (Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances, 29 CFR 1910.1200) requires employers to identify hazards in the workplace, as well as train:
employees how to recognize those hazards.
Model building codes provide municipalities and jurisdictions with the ability to
ensure life safety of building occupants
The company officer's duty is to use _____ to satisfy a citizen's concern.
every legal and ethical means
In situations where occupants are not suspected or known to be trapped and it is not reasonable to assume that any occupants are still alive, they should focus first on _______ and _____ when it is safer to do so.
fighting the fire, search for victims
Local jurisdictions often adopt one or more ordinances delegating authority to the _____ for protecting the public from fires and other life safety hazards.
fire chief
As part of their responsibilities while conducting fire and life safety inspections, company officers must identify: (224)
hazardous conditions that might cause fire or contribute to spread.
In the absence of a municipal water system, the owner/occupant's elevated water tank on the building's roof is inspected regarding:
how well the system is maintained.
The four most common forms of communication with the fire service are
informal interpersonal, oral, written, and incident scene communications.
The company officer must evaluate scene safety (structural conditions, air monitoring, and presence of other hazards) prior to?
initiating the investigation
According to NFPA® 1021, Level I Fire Officers must _____ in order to perform fire and life safety inspections.
know how to inspect and test private fire protection and signaling systems
CO2 systems also are designed as either?
local application or total flooding.
Local jurisdictions often adopt national model building and fire codes and standards through:
local ordinances.
The three contents-hazard classifications of occupancies by NFPA 5000® and NFPA® 1 are:
low, ordinary, and high.
At Least two subtopics support each
main topic in an outline
What are the 5 general purposes for interpersonal communication?
o Learning- acquire knowledge o Relating- for new relationship or to maintain an existing one. o Influencing- control, direct, or manipulate behavior o Playing- diversion and gain pleasure, humor, or gratification o Helping- attend to another person's needs or console.
Two basic topic areas of life safety information in a survey include protection and evacuation of occupants, as well as the
protection of firefighters.
Field sketches for survey information records should be made showing the structure's:
size, location, and components.
New CO must realize they are both a?
supervisor and subordinate
The two most common types of Canadian Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) labels are:
supplier and workplace.
What is an organizational level within the sections that fulfills specific support functions?
unit
