COG psyc exam 2
patients with unilateral neglect, would bisect a line like:
-----------|--- ; they cannot attend to he left side of the visual field
how many letters did participants remember out of the 12 in sperlings "letter array"?
10
most effective way to chuck digits
1492 911 1776: 911 surrounded by two years
What is an accurate statement regarding post-event information and the misinformation effect?
even when participants are told that the post event information is incorrect, the misinformation effect can still occur
research on Flashbulb memories states...
extreme vividness does not mean its accurate
person who has difficulty remembering people or facts she knew after an attack of encephalitis
has intact episodic memory but defective semantic memory
The idea that attention is associated with objects would be indicated by what pattern of results?
if reaction time was reduced when targets appeared within a cued object compared to within an adjacent object
Wickens et al.'s "fruit, meat, and professions" experiment failed to show a release from proactive interference in the "fruit" group because...
the stimulus category remained the same
transfer-appropriate processing is likely to occur when?
the type of encoding and retrieval match
after 3 trials , the longer you wait to ask a subject to recall information...
the worse the subject will perform, but only second and third trials show interference effect
what will most likely cause the recency effect to disappear?
to do something else to take away the STM; like counting backwards from 30 before recalling a word list read
what is something asked that will least likely result in misinformation effect?
what can you tell me about the car?- doesn't add info that can direct and influence a persons answer
articulatory suppression
when a person repeats an irrelevant word such as "the" while carrying out a task that fills up the phonological loop.
proactive interference with three-trial recall tasks
80%40%30% correct- the decrease shows how the past over shadows the present
P is most likely to be misidentified as...
C because it sounds like P , you would say it when you see it
Bartlett's experiment in which English participants were asked to recall the "War of the Ghosts" story that was taken from the French Indian culture illustrated the...
Constructive nature of memory- people started adding details that were more compatible with their cultural folk stories
brown and Peterson thought information is lost from memory due to ______; whereas later researchers argued it was ______.
Decay;interference
what types of memory do not depend on conscious memory?
Implicit and procedural
knowlege of STMS... write down letters in the order they were presented
S - sounds the same
what scenario best illustrates how effective or ineffective maintenance rehearsal is in transferring information into LTM
Serena's keys were stolen from her purse. she cannot give a detailed description of her keychain to the police, although she's used it everyday for 3 years
imagine you conducted a "remembering a list" experiment using a serial recall task. what would you predict for the results?
a diminished recency effect, relative to free recall
The partial report involves what compared to the whole report
a smaller response set
the reminiscence bump enhances memory from?
adolescence and early adult hood
when the misinformation effect occurs the misleading information is presented when?
after the event
Participants saw a Hammer in a film. they were later on told a description of the film but the hammer was replaced with a screwdriver. later they were asked if they saw a hammer or a wrench in the original film. explain the results of this experiment.
argued against the hypothesis that original memories are lost as they are replaced by later false information
controlled processing involves what?
close attention
in Schneider and Shiffrin's experiment where participants were asked to indicate if a target stimulus was in rapidly presented frames, divided attention was easier when?
consistent mapping condition
how does imagery enhance memory?
creates connections between items
Sensory memory is believed by many cognitive psychologists to be responsible for all of the following EXCEPT
deciding which incoming sensory information will be the focus of attention
a statement that is closely associated with levels of processing theory
deep processing takes longer than shallow processing and results in better processing
Cohen and Squire ran a study in which they showed that amnesiac patients could improve their speed of reading mirror-reverse words with practice, even though the same patients could not remember any word they had just read. This supports a distinction between:
implicit and explicit memory
source monitoring confusion
lack of clarity about the origin of a memory- Wei and the sneezeless
"S," who had a photographic memory that was described as virtually limitless, was able to achieve many feats of memory. According to the discussion in your text, S's memory system operated _____ efficiently than normal.
less efficiently than normal
experiments that argue against flashbulb memory find that as time increases since the occurrence of the flashbulb event...
participants make more errors in their recollection
encoding specificity
phenomenon of remembering something better when the conditions under which we retrieve information are similar to the conditions under which we encoded it - walking in the room forgetting what we were gonna get and walk back into the other room and remembering it again
shallow processing can result in better memory when the individual encodes ____ and is tested ______.
phonologically; phonological
which is easier? to point to the word yes for each word that is a noun or keeping a sentence jake went to the store to get oranges?
pointing to yes
the primacy effect is attributed to...
recall of information stored in LTM.-- the recall of information in the STM is the recency effect
Elaborative rehearsal of a word will LEAST likely be accomplished by...
repeating the word over and over again
The misinformation effect can be explained by...
retroactive interference
the word length effect
reveals that the phonological loop of the working memory has limited capacity
how long does info remain in sensory memory?
seconds or fraction of a second
people may actually process and manipulate info rather than store it for brief periods of time challenged what?
short term memory
PHONOLOGICAL LOOP- what is difficult to retain?
similar in sound words are most difficult to keep in the STM
The propaganda effect demonstrates that we evaluate familiar statements as being true...
simply because we have been exposed to them before
In Deese and Roediger's word list experiment, many students incorrectly remembered hearing the word
sleep; constructive
retroactive interference
the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information; most recent experience takes over
when we experience events....
the knowledge that makes up semantic memories is initially attained through a personal experience recorded in episodic memory
the medial temporal lobe is important in ...
the long-term memory acquisition
Shallow processing of a word is encouraged when attention is focused on
the number of vowels in a word
difference between working memory and STM?
working memory is concerned with BOTH holding and processing information
