Cog Psyc Review 1

You are walking down the street and see a nice car drive by. You notice its color, movement, and shape. All of these features are processed a. in one localized area of the brain. b. by a specific object neuron. c. in different parts of the brain. d. through fMRI potentials.

in different parts of the brain.

A synapse is a. the structure that receives electrical signals from other neurons. b. the gap that separates two different neurons. c. the structure that contains mechanisms to keep a neuron alive. d. a tube filled with fluid that conducts electrical signals.

the gap that separates two different neurons.

In the experiment conducted by Viskontas and coworkers using picture pairs, a participant's later experience of familiarity with a particular pair was coded as ________. a. "think." b. "know." c. "sense." d. "remember."

"know."

The effective duration of short-term memory, when rehearsal is prevented, is a. just under a fraction of a second. b. one to three minutes or more. c. indefinite. d. 15-20 seconds or less.

15-20 seconds or less.

___________ transforms new memories from a fragile state, in which they can be disrupted, to a more permanent state, in which they are resistant to disruption. a. Cued-recall b. Amnesia c. Encoding specificity d. Consolidation

Consolidation

Jacoby's experiment, in which participants made judgments about whether they had previously seen the names of famous and non-famous people, found that inaccurate memories based on source misattributions occurred after a delay of a. 24 hours. b. one hour. c. one month. d. one week.

24 hours.

Which of the following statements best describes how neurons communicate with one another? a. An electrical process takes place in the receptors. b. Dendrites make direct contact with each other. c. Action potentials travel across the synapse. d. A chemical process takes place in the synapse.

A chemical process takes place in the synapse.

Which of the following is consistent with the idea of localization of function? a. Specific areas of the brain serve different functions. b. Brain areas are specialized for specific functions. c. Neurons in different areas of the brain respond best to different stimuli. d. All of these are correct.

All of these are correct.

Which statement below is NOT true, based on the results of memory research? a. Suggestion can create false memories for events that occurred when a person was a young child. b. Suggestion can create false memories for an event that a person has experienced just recently. c. Although eyewitness testimony is often faulty, people who have just viewed a videotape of a crime are quite accurate at picking the "perpetrator" from a lineup. d. Many miscarriages of justice have occurred based on faulty eyewitness testimony.

Although eyewitness testimony is often faulty, people who have just viewed a videotape of a crime are quite accurate at picking the "perpetrator" from a lineup.

Why is classical conditioning considered a form of implicit memory? a. Because learning the association between the neutral and conditioned stimulus requires effort. b. Because it is based on motor skills similar to procedural memory. c. Because it usually involves memory for the episode in which it occurred. d. Because it involves learning an association without being aware of the reasons behind it.

Because it involves learning an association without being aware of the reasons behind it.

Josiah is trying to speak to his wife, but his speech is very slow and labored, often with jumbled sentence structure. Josiah may have damage to which area of the brain? a. Parahippocampal place area (PPA) b. Extrastriate body area (EBA) c. Broca's area d. Wernicke's area

Broca's area

___________ memories are to experiences as ___________ memories are to facts. a. Episodic; semantic b. Semantic; implicit c. Procedural; episodic d. Implicit; episodic

Episodic; semantic

Extrapolating from the cultural life script hypothesis, which of the following events would be easiest to recall? a. Having a child at age 45 b. Graduating from college at age 22 c. Marrying at age 60 d. Retiring from work at age 40

Graduating from college at age 22

Which of the following is an example of a semantic memory? a. I remember my earth science teacher telling me how volcanoes erupt. b. I remember seeing a volcano erupt in Hawaii last summer. c. I remember "volcano" was the first word on the list Juan read to me. d. I remember the big island of Hawaii has many active volcanoes.

I remember the big island of Hawaii has many active volcanoes.

According to the ______ approach to memory, what people report as memories is based on what actually happened plus additional factors such as other knowledge, experiences, and expectations. a. source b. event-specific c. misinformation d. constructive

constructive

Imagine you are driving to a friend's new house. In your mind, you say the address repeatedly until you arrive. To remember the address, you used a(n) ___________process in short-term memory. a. control b. coding c. iconic d. automatic

control

Unconscious plagiarism of the work of others is known as a. cryptoamnesia. b. narrative rehearsal. c. repeated reproduction. d. repeated recall.

cryptoamnesia.

When investigating the serial position curve, delaying the memory test for 30 seconds a. increases the primacy effect. b. has no effect on the curve. c. decreases the recency effect. d. increases both the primacy and the recency effects.

decreases the recency effect.

Brief sensory memory for sound is known as a. primary auditory memory. b. echoic memory. c. pre-perceptual auditory memory. d. iconic memory.

echoic memory.

According to your text, imagery enhances memory because a. pictures fit better with our basic instincts because children learn pictures before reading words. b. the brain processes images more easily than the meanings of words. c. research shows people like pictures better than words, so there is an enhanced emotional response. d. imagery can be used to create connections between items to be remembered.

imagery can be used to create connections between items to be remembered.

The primacy effect (from the serial position curve experiment) is associated with ___________ memory. a. sensory b. short-term c. implicit d. long-term

long-term

The standard model of consolidation proposes that the hippocampus is a. strongly active for long-ago memories that are already consolidated but becomes less active when memories are first formed and being consolidated. b. uninvolved in memory consolidation. c. strongly active for both new memories as they are being consolidated and memories for events that occurred long ago and are already consolidated. d. strongly active when memories are first formed and being consolidated but becomes less active when retrieving older memories that are already consolidated.

strongly active when memories are first formed and being consolidated but becomes less active when retrieving older memories that are already consolidated.

Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding post-event information and the misinformation effect? a. The misinformation effect does not occur when people are told explicitly that the post-event information may be incorrect b. Misinformation effects are significantly reduced when post-event information is provided, but only if that information is given within just a few minutes of the initial event. c. The provision of accurate post-event information provided a paradoxical (and as of yet unexplained) increase in the misinformation effect d. Even when participants are told that the post-event information is incorrect, the misinformation effect can still occur.

Even when participants are told that the post-event information is incorrect, the misinformation effect can still occur.

Despite scientific evidence to the contrary, Harry believes that drinking dandelion tea would improve his long-term memory because he saw several news stories and articles about it online. What is Harry experiencing? a. Illusory truth effect b. Pragmatic inference c. Misinformation effect d. Source monitoring error

Illusory truth effect

Which of the following is NOT a conclusion from the case of H.M., who had an operation to help alleviate his epileptic seizures? a. Long-term memories are unaffected by damage to the hippocampus. b. Short-term and long-term memories are controlled by different mechanisms. c. The hippocampus is necessary for forming new long-term memories. d. Short-term and long-term memories can operate independently of each other.

Long-term memories are unaffected by damage to the hippocampus.

According to the levels of processing theory, which of the following tasks will produce the best long-term memory for a set of words? a. Generating a rhyming word for each word to be remembered b. Deciding how many vowels each word has c. Repeating the words over and over in your mind d. Making a connection between each word and something you've previously learned

Making a connection between each word and something you've previously learned

Which substance is released when signals reach the synapse at the end of the axon? a. Dendrites b. Neurotransmitters c. Receptors d. Axon

Neurotransmitters

Physiological studies indicate that damage to the brain's ___________can disrupt behaviors that depend on working memory. a. Occipital lobe b. Prefrontal cortex c. Hippocampus d. Amygdala

Prefrontal cortex

Wei has allergy symptoms. He has gone to his regular doctor and an allergy specialist, but he wasn't given a prescription by either doctor. Instead, he was advised to buy an over-the-counter medicine. While he was in the specialist's waiting area, he read a magazine where he saw three ads for an allergy medicine called SneezeLess. A week later, in a drug store, Wei says to his brother, "My doctor says SneezeLess works great. I'll buy that one." Wei and his doctor never discussed SneezeLess. Wei has fallen victim to which of the following errors? a. Source monitoring b. Recovered memory c. MPI d. Schema confusion

Source monitoring

The episodic buffer directly connects to which two components in Baddeley's model of memory? a. The central executive and long-term memory b. The phonological loop and long-term memory c. The phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad d. The central executive and the phonological loop

The central executive and long-term memory

Why is it easier to study brain tissue from newborn animals than brain tissue from adults? a. The nerve net system in newborn animals is more developed. b. The density of cells in a newborn brain is small compared with the density in an adult brain. c. The density of cells in a newborn brain is higher compared with the density in an adult brain. d. The nerve net system in newborn animals is less developed.

The density of cells in a newborn brain is small compared with the density in an adult brain.

Imagine yourself walking from your car, bus stop, or dorm to your first class. Your ability to form such a picture in your mind depends on which of the following components of working memory? a. The STM recency effect b. The phonological loop c. The visuospatial sketch pad d. Delayed response coding

The visuospatial sketch pad

Lamar has just gotten a new job and is attending a company party where he will meet his colleagues for the first time. His boss escorts him around to small groups to introduce him. At the first group, Lamar meets four people and is told only their first names. The same thing happens with a second group and a third group. At the fourth group, Lamar is told their names and that one of the women in the group is the company accountant. A little while later, Lamar realizes that he only remembers the names of the people in the first group, though he also remembers the profession of the last woman he met (the accountant). Lamar's experience demonstrates a. a partial-report procedure. b. the cocktail party phenomenon. c. the phonological similarity effect. d. a build-up and release of proactive interference.

a build-up and release of proactive interference.

Your book explains that brief episodes of retrograde amnesia (e.g., the traumatic disruption of newly formed memories when a football player takes a hit to the head and can't recall the last play before the hit) reflect a. Korsakoff's syndrome. b. a failure of memory consolidation. c. disrupted long-term potentiation. d. temporary post-traumatic stress disorder.

a failure of memory consolidation.

For most adults over age 40, the reminiscence bump describes enhanced memory for a. childhood and middle age. b. adolescence and young adulthood. c. young adulthood and middle age. d. childhood and adolescence.

adolescence and young adulthood.

The misinformation effect occurs when a person's memory for an event is modified by misleading information presented a. all of the above b. before the event. c. after the event. d. during the event.

after the event.

Have you ever tried to think of the words and hum the melody of one song while the radio is playing a different song? People have often noted that this is very difficult to do. This difficulty can be understood as a. an LTM recency effect. b. articulatory suppression. c. an overload of sensory memory. d. rehearsal interference.

articulatory suppression

Ming is taking a memory test. She is more likely to recall the name of a popular singer if she had a. just seen the singer on TV. b. recently seen the singer on TV and read about the singer in a magazine. c. attended the singer's concert last year with her boyfriend. d. just read about the singer in a magazine.

attended the singer's concert last year with her boyfriend.

From a cognitive psychology perspective, memories from specific experiences in our life are defined as being ________. a. subjective b. autobiographical c. personal d. reflective

autobiographical

Explicit memory is to ___________ as implicit memory is to ___________. a. self; others b. episodic; semantic c. aware; unaware d. primacy; recency

aware; unaware

Your author points out that studying the mind requires both __________ and __________ experiments. a. nomothetic; idiographic b. behavioral; physiological c. observational; correlational d. brain; body

behavioral; physiological

Murdoch's "remembering a list" experiment described the serial position curve and found that memory is best for ___________ of a list. a. the first words b. the middle words c. the last words d. both the first and last words

both the first and last words

"I remember being really excited last year, when my college team won the national championship in basketball." This statement is an example of ___________ memory. a. episodic b. semantic c. implicit d. procedural

episodic

The key structural components of neurons are the a. transmitters, dendrites, and nodes of Ranvier. b. cell body, dendrites, and axons. c. cell body, cellular membrane, and transmitters. d. axon, dendrites, and glands.

cell body, dendrites, and axons.

The research by Ericsson and colleagues (1980) examined the ability of a college student to achieve amazing feats of memory by having him remember strings of random digits that were recited to him. They found that this student used his experience with running times to help him retain these strings of numbers. The significance of this finding was that a. experts show larger primacy and recency effects than beginners. b. knowledge in an area of expertise increases a person's digit span. c. expertise with some material reduces susceptibility to proactive interference with that material. d. chunking requires knowledge of familiar patterns or concepts.

chunking requires knowledge of familiar patterns or concepts.

People often report an annoying memory failure when they walk from one end of the house to the other for something and then forget what they wanted when they reach their destination. As soon as they return to the first room, they are reminded of what they wanted in the first place. This common experience best illustrates the principle of a. maintenance rehearsal. b. the self-reference effect. c. encoding specificity. d. levels of processing theory.

encoding specificity.

Acquiring information and transforming it into long-term memory is a. transfer-appropriate processing. b. memory consolidation. c. encoding. d. state-dependent learning.

encoding.

A lesson to be learned from the research on flashbulb memories is that a. they are permanent and resist forgetting. b. people's confidence in a memory predicts its accuracy (high confidence = high accuracy). c. extreme vividness of a memory does not mean it is accurate. d. rehearsal cannot account for them.

extreme vividness of a memory does not mean it is accurate

As people get older, their memories of past experiences tend to have an emphasis on ________. a. procedures b. episodes c. facts d. feelings

facts

Neurons that respond to specific qualities of objects, such as orientation, movement, and length, are called a. receptors. b. dendrites. c. retinal cells. d. feature detectors.

feature detectors.

The concept of reconsolidation is based on the ________ of retrieved memories. a. potentiation b. emotionality c. fragility d. classification

fragility

The __________ lobe of the cortex receives information from all of the senses and is responsible for coordination of the senses, as well as higher cognitive functions such as thinking and problem solving. a. occipital b. frontal c. parietal d. subcortical

frontal

The constructive episodic stimulation hypothesis describes how our memories are connected to our ________. a. emotions b. knowledge c. future d. neural networks

future

The primary effect of chunking is to a. maximize the recency effect. b. increase memory for items by grouping them together based on sound. c. increase the efficiency of short-term memory. d. develop a visual code to supplement a phonological code for the information.

increase the efficiency of short-term memory.

The experiment in which participants first read sentences about a baseball game and were then asked to identify sentences they had seen before, illustrated that memory a. depends on the participant's mood. b. is like a tape recording. c. involves making inferences. d. is better for vivid descriptions.

involves making inferences.

According to Tulving, the defining property of the experience of episodic memory is that a. it accesses knowledge about the world that does not have to be tied to any specific personal experience. b. it always corresponds to events from our past that actually happened. c. it involves both explicit and implicit memories. d. it involves mental time travel.

it involves mental time travel.

"S," who had a photographic memory that was described as virtually limitless, was able to achieve many feats of memory. According to the discussion in your text, S's memory system operated a. using stronger semantic connections than normal. b. in a manner that bypassed normal neurological "blocks." c. less efficiently than normal. d. using more visual encoding than normal.

less efficiently than normal.

The idea that we remember life events better because we encounter the information over and over in what we read, see on TV, and talk about with other people is called the a. narrative rehearsal hypothesis. b. reminiscence hypothesis. c. cognitive hypothesis. d. life-narrative hypothesis.

narrative rehearsal hypothesis.

Groups of neurons or structures that are connected within the nervous system are called __________. a. neural networks b. synaptic vesicles c. neuronal bridges d. fused conduits

neural networks

It is easier to perform two tasks at the same time if a. both are handled by the visuospatial sketch pad. b. the central executive is deactivated during the dual task time period. c. one is handled by the visuospatial sketch pad and one is handled by the phonological loop. d. both are handled by the phonological loop.

one is handled by the visuospatial sketch pad and one is handled by the phonological loop.

Chantal has frontal lobe damage. She is doing a problem-solving task in which she has to choose the red object out of many choices. She can easily complete this repeatedly, but when the experimenter asks her to choose the blue object on a new trial of the task, she continues to choose the red one, even when the experimenter gives her feedback that she is incorrect. Chantal is displaying a. decay. b. sensory memory. c. perseveration. d. agnosia.

perseveration.

If kittens are raised in an environment that contains only verticals, you would predict that most of the neurons in their visual cortex would respond best to the visual presentation of a a. chain link fence. b. solid wall. c. brick wall. d. picket fence.

picket fence.

The maintenance rehearsal task of learning a word by repeating it over and over again is most likely to a. cause sensory memories to interfere with consolidation in working memory. b. lead to effective autobiographical memories. c. lead to immediate decay due to retroactive interference. d. produce some short-term remembering, but fail to produce longer-term memories.

produce some short-term remembering, but fail to produce longer-term memories.

Believing that a particular statement is true simply because you have seen the statement in previous instances is known as the ________ effect. a. primacy b. recency c. conditioning d. propaganda

propaganda

The fusiform face area (FFA) in the brain is often damaged in patients with a. Alzheimer's disease. b. Broca's aphasia. c. prosopagnosia. d. Wernicke's aphasia.

prosopagnosia.

If the intensity of a stimulus that is presented to a touch receptor is increased, this tends to increase the __________ in the receptor's axon. a. All of these are correct. b. rate of nerve firing c. size of the nerve impulses d. speed of nerve conduction

rate of nerve firing

This multiple-choice question is an example of a ___________ test. a. word-completion b. recognition c. personal semantic memory d. recall

recognition

Elaborative rehearsal of a word will LEAST likely be accomplished by a. using it in a sentence. b. repeating it over and over. c. linking the new word to a previously learned concept. d. thinking of its synonyms and antonyms.

repeating it over and over.

Jackie went to the grocery store to pick up yogurt, bread, and apples. First, she picked up a hand basket for carrying her groceries, and then she searched the store. After finding what she needed, she stood in a check-out line. Then, the cashier put her items in a plastic bag, and soon after, Jackie left the store. As readers of this event, we understand that Jackie paid for the groceries, even though it wasn't mentioned, because we are relying on a grocery store _____. a. misattribution b. script c. narrative d. schema

script

Information remains in sensory memory for a. 15-30 seconds. b. as long as it is rehearsed. c. seconds or a fraction of a second. d. one to three minutes.

seconds or a fraction of a second.

Remembering that a tomato is a fruit rather than a vegetable is an example of ___________ memory. a. visual b. acoustic c. semantic d. iconic

semantic

The three structural components of the modal model of memory are a. sensory memory, iconic memory, rehearsal. b. receptors, temporal lobe, frontal lobe. c. receptors, occipital lobe, temporal lobe. d. sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory.

sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory.

Suppose you're on the phone with a customer support representative who gives you a ticket number for your records. You're later transferred to a different representative who asks for your ticket number, but you've forgotten it. This probably occurred because the number was only temporarily stored in your a. long-term memory. b. short-term memory. c. episodic memory. d. sensory memory.

short-term memory

Research suggests that the capacity of short-term memory is a. larger than the capacity of long-term memory among young people. b. quite large, holding a large number of items simultaneously. c. somewhat small, holding only about seven items at one time. d. equivalent to sensory memory, holding about a hundred items at one time.

somewhat small, holding only about seven items at one time.

When a sparkler is twirled rapidly, people perceive a circle of light. This occurs because a. Gestalt principles work to complete the circle in our minds. b. the trail you see is caused by sparks left behind from the sparkler. c. the length of iconic memory is about a fraction of a second. d. longer light wavelengths from the sparkler produce a visual echoic effect.

the length of iconic memory is about a fraction of a second.

Stanny and Johnson's "weapons focus" experiment, investigating memory for crime scenes, found that a. the threat of a weapon causes people to focus their attention away from the weapon itself. b. the presence of a weapon hinders memory for other parts of the event. c. the presence of a weapon has no effect on memory for the event. d. the presence of a weapon enhances memory for all parts of the event.

the presence of a weapon hinders memory for other parts of the event.

Memory enhancement due to repetition priming is a result of the test stimulus being a. different in meaning from the priming stimulus. b. the same as or resembling the priming stimulus. c. different from the priming stimulus. d. similar in meaning to the priming stimulus.

the same as or resembling the priming stimulus.

Research on eyewitness testimony reveals that a. when viewing a lineup, an eyewitness's confidence in his or her choice of the suspect can be increased by an authority's confirmation of his or her choice, even when the choice is wrong. b. despite public misconception, eyewitnesses are usually very accurate when selecting a perpetrator from a lineup. c. it is unnecessary to warn an eyewitness that a suspect may or may not be in a lineup. d. highly confident eyewitnesses are usually accurate.

when viewing a lineup, an eyewitness's confidence in his or her choice of the suspect can be increased by an authority's confirmation of his or her choice, even when the choice is wrong.

Working memory differs from short-term memory in that a. working memory is engaged in processing information. b. short-term memory consists of a number of components. c. working memory has unlimited capacity. d. short-term memory has a central executive function.

working memory is engaged in processing information.

The ability to manipulate information in memory temporarily while remembering something else is called a. working memory. b. short-term memory. c. semantic memory. d. episodic memory.

working memory.

Katie and Alana are roommates taking the same psychology class. They have a test in four days during a 10:00-11:00 AM class period. Both women intend to study for three hours, but because of different work schedules, Katie will study one hour for each of the next three days, while Alana will study three hours the day before the exam. What could you predict about their performances? a. Alana will perform better because of a long-term memory recency effect. b. Katie should perform better because of the spacing effect. c. Katie and Alana should perform equally well, because each studied the same time overall (supporting the equal-time hypothesis). d. State-dependent learning predicts that Katie should perform better, because the exam takes place during a one-hour class period.

Katie should perform better because of the spacing effect.

Which of the following statements is true of the cognitive interview technique? a. Police ask witnesses questions and have them rate their confidence level in their recollections. b. Police start their interview with simple filler questions to make the witnesses feel comfortable. c. Police offer positive reinforcement to witnesses (e.g., "Good, that makes sense.") when the witnesses give information consistent with what is in the police file. d. Police allow witnesses to talk with a minimum of interruption from the officer.

Police allow witnesses to talk with a minimum of interruption from the officer.

Before going to the grocery store, Jamal quickly made a list in his head of the few items he needed to cook dinner. Driving to the store, he repeated the list over and over to himself so that he wouldn't forget anything. How would Broadbent describe Jamal's actions in the car? a. Chunking in sensory memory b. Rehearsal in short-term memory c. Rotation in the phonological loop d. Buffering in the central executive

Rehearsal in short-term memory

Which of the following learning techniques is LEAST likely to lead to deep processing of the information? a. Terrell is trying to understand how to use statistics by drawing associations between a set of data describing how adolescents respond to peer pressure and the theories he learned last semester in developmental psychology. b. Maggie is trying to learn new vocabulary words because she is taking the SAT next month. Each day, she selects one word. Throughout the day, she repeats the definition over and over to herself and generates sentences using it in her conversations that day. c. For his history course, Jorge is trying to learn the order of the U.S. presidents by creating a silly sentence where each consecutive word starts with the same letter of the next president to be remembered. d. Thuy has just bought a new car and is trying to learn her new license plate sequence. Every morning, for three weeks, she repeats the sequence out loud when she wakes up.

Thuy has just bought a new car and is trying to learn her new license plate sequence. Every morning, for three weeks, she repeats the sequence out loud when she wakes up.

In Slameka and Graf's (1978) study, some participants read word pairs, while other participants had to fill in the blank letters of the second word in a pair with a word related to the first word. The latter group performed better on a later memory task, illustrating the a. multiple trace hypothesis. b. generation effect. c. spacing effect. d. cued recall effect.

generation effect.

Research shows that ___________ does not improve reading comprehension because it does not encourage elaborative processing of the material. a. feedback b. organization c. highlighting d. making up questions about the material

highlighting

Lucille is teaching Kendra how to play racquetball. She explains how to hold the racquet, how to stand, and how to make effective shots. These learned skills that Lucille has acquired are an example of ___________ memory. a. autobiographical b. procedural c. semantic d. working

procedural

You have been studying for weeks for a nursing school entrance exam. You love the idea of becoming a nurse, and you have been enjoying learning about the material for your exam. Each night, you put on comfortable clothes and study in the quiet of your lovely home. Memory research suggests you should take your test with a(n) ________ mindset. a. nervous b. relaxed c. excited d. neutral

relaxed

Examples from your book describing real experiences of how memories, even ones from a long time ago, can be stimulated by locations, songs, and smells highlight the importance of ___________ in long-term memory. a. long-term potentiation b. elaborative rehearsal c. retrieval cues d. mass practice

retrieval cues

Your friend has been sick for several days, so you go over to her home to make her some chicken soup. Searching for a spoon, you first reach in a top drawer beside the dishwasher. Then, you turn to the big cupboard beside the stove to search for a pan. In your search, you have relied on a kitchen a. schema. b. scan technique. c. script. d. source memory.

schema.

Jenkins and Russell (1952) presented a list of words like "chair, apple, dish, shoe, cherry, sofa" to participants. In a test, participants recalled the words in a different order than the order in which they were originally presented. This result occurred because of the a. tendency of objects in the same category to become organized. b. way objects like dishes and shoes are encoded visually. c. way the phonological loop reorganizes information based on sound during rehearsal. d. effect of proactive interference.

tendency of objects in the same category to become organized.

Jeannie loves to dance, having taken ballet for many years. She is now learning salsa dancing. Although the movements are very different from the dances she is familiar with, she has found a successful memory strategy of linking the new dance information to her previous experiences as a dancer and to her own affection for dance. This strategy suggests reliance on a. semantic memory. b. the integrative experience effect. c. the self-reference effect. d. a mass practice effect.

the self-reference effect.

Transfer-appropriate processing is likely to occur if a. the type of encoding task matches the type of retrieval task. b. the person remembering generates their own retrieval cues. c. there is deep processing during acquisition of the new material. d. imagery is used to create connections among items to be transferred into long-term memory.

the type of encoding task matches the type of retrieval task.

Asking people to recall the most influential events that happened during their college careers shows that __________ in people's lives appear to be particularly memorable. a. trauma-based experiences b. family-centered challenges c. the freshman year d. transition points

transition points

In which of the following examples of two different brain-injured patients (Tom and Tim) is a double dissociation demonstrated? a. Tom and Tim both show deficits in episodic and semantic memory. b. Both Tom and Tim have good episodic memory but poor semantic memory. c. Tom has good semantic memory and poor episodic memory, while Tim has good episodic memory but poor semantic memory. d. Both Tom and Tim have good semantic memory but poor episodic memory.

Tom has good semantic memory and poor episodic memory, while Tim has good episodic memory but poor semantic memory.